I-tricolor bat (lat. I-Myotis emarginatus) ingeyabamele abanezimpiko ezibushelelezi zamalulwane e-oda.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zebhethi le-tricolor
Ilulwane i-tricolor yililulwane elilingana nosayizi ophakathi no-4.4 - 5.2 cm.Izinwele zejazi ziyi-tricolor, zimnyama ezansi, zikhanya phakathi nendawo futhi zibomvana ngokubomvu phezulu. Isisu nomhlane kungumbala wezitini onokhilimu ofanayo. I-spur incane. I-airfoil isukela phansi komunwe wangaphandle.
Izindlebe zinobude obungu-1.5 - 2.0 cm ubude, zilula ukwedlula umbala womzimba, zinotishi ocishe ube ngunxande onqenqemeni lwazo lwangaphandle. Ama-auricles anendawo engalingani. Ubude bengalo bungu-3.9-4.3 cm, umsila u-4.4-4.9 cm. Osayizi balingene. I-tricolor bat inesisindo esingu-5-12 amagremu. Unyawo luncane ngezinzwane ezimfishane.
Ukusabalala kwe-tricolor bat
Uhla lomhlaba wonke lwe-tricolor bat lubandakanya iNyakatho Afrika, iNingizimu-ntshonalanga ne-Asia Ephakathi, iNtshonalanga neYurophu Ephakathi, enabalela enyakatho iye eNetherlands, eningizimu yeJalimane, ePoland naseCzech Republic. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa iCrimea, iCarpathians, iCaucasus, i-Peninsula yase-Arabia ne-Western Asia.
E-Russian Federation, i-tricolor bat itholakala kuphela eCaucasus. Usayizi omkhulu wabantu unqunywa engxenyeni yawo esentshonalanga. Umngcele wendawo yesifunda usuka esiqeshini samagquma usuka endaweni yedolobhana lase-Ilskiy uye emngceleni osentshonalanga neGeorgia futhi empumalanga unqamula iKCR. ERussia, ihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba zeKrasnodar Territory.
Indawo okuhlala kuyo i-tricolor bat
Ngaphakathi eRussia, izindawo zokuhlala ze-tricolor bat zigcinwe ezifundeni ezisezintabeni lapho kunemihume khona. Engxenyeni enkulu yalolu hlu, amalulwane ahlala emahlathini asezintabeni aze afike ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-1800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, amathafa, izindawo eziwugwadule olunamathafa namathafa ohlobo lwepaki. Amakholoni ama-Brood afinyelela ku-300-400 ahlala emathafeni, emihumeni, ezakhiweni zekarst, ezindlini zamasonto, ezakhiweni ezilahliwe, ophahleni.
Zithanda izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezifudumele ezisezintabeni futhi zivame ukutholakala kanye nezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane - ezinamalulwane amakhulu amahhashi, amabhu anamaphiko amade, nelulwane olukhombe. I-Tricolor bat hibernate emihumeni emikhulu ngamaqembu amancane noma ngabantu abangashadile. Ehlobo, amalulwane enza ukufuduka kwasendaweni, kodwa ngokuvamile avalelwa endaweni eyodwa.
Ukudla i-tricolor bat
Ngokwesu lokuzingela, ilulwane le-tricolor lingelezinhlobo eziqoqayo. Ukudla kuqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezivela kuma-oda ayi-11 nemindeni engama-37 yohlobo lwe-arthropod: iDiptera, iLepidoptera, amabhungane, iHymenoptera. Kwezinye izindawo, izicabucabu zidla kakhulu ekudleni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-tricolor bat
Abesifazane bakha amakoloni amashumi ambalwa noma amakhulu abantu. Ngokuvamile kutholakala emihlambini yezinkukhu ezixubekile nezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane. Abesilisa nabesifazane abangazalanga bagcinwa ngokwehlukana. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngoSepthemba futhi kuyaqhubeka ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Insikazi izala ithole elilodwa, imvamisa ekupheleni noma maphakathi noJuni.
Amalulwane amancane enza izindiza zawo zokuqala ngenyanga eyodwa emva kokubonakala kwawo. Banikeza inzalo ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Iningi labantu abasha lishona ngesikhathi sasebusika. Isilinganiso sabesilisa nabesifazane kubantu sicishe silingane. I-Tricolor bat iphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.
Isimo sokonga se-tricolor bat
I-tricolor bat inesigaba sezinhlobo semvelo esincipha ngamanani futhi sengozini, esizwela ekuguqulweni kwendawo yokuhlala, futhi sibhekene nomthelela ongaqondile we-anthropogenic.
Inani le-tricolor bat
Ubuningi be-tricolor bat kulo lonke uhla lwayo buphansi futhi buyaqhubeka nokwehla. ERussia, inani labantu lilinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50-120, inani labantu elilinganiselwe lingabantu abangu-1-2 ngekhilomitha lesikwele. Ukuhlangana okungajwayelekile kakhulu nelulwane le-tricolor kukhombisa ukwabiwa okungalingani kwamalulwane alezi zinhlobo ebangeni, naphezu kokwehlukahlukana kwama-biotopes ahlalwayo.
Izici zemvelo (ukutholakala kokudla, izindawo ezifihlekile, izici ze-biotope, izimo zezulu) zithinta ubuningi nokusatshalaliswa. Amakholoni ama-Brood emihumeni nasezakhiweni ayazwela kumthelela we-anthropogenic. Izingane eziningi zifa ngesikhathi sokuncelisa lapho abesifazane abahlengikazi bekhathazekile. Ukushintsha ukwakheka komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nakho kunciphisa inani.
Izizathu zokwehla kwenani le-tricolor bat
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani le-tricolor bat ukwehla kwezindawo zokukhosela ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukwanda kwesici sokuphazamiseka lapho kuhlolwa emigedeni ngabavakashi nezazi zezinhlaka, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlaka ezingaphansi komhlaba zokuvakasha, kanye nokuvubukula kwezinto zakudala. Ukuqothulwa kwamalulwane ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi ngezinzuzo zabamele amalulwane e-oda.
Ukuqapha i-tricolor bat
I-tricolor bat ikuhlu lwe-IUCN Red. Ukuze kulondolozwe lolu hlobo, kuyadingeka ukuvikela amakoloni amakhulu emigede kanye nemigede lapho amalulwane asebusika khona. Kuyadingeka ukunciphisa imisebenzi yohambo, ukwethula umbuso ovikelekile emihumeni yaseVorontsovskaya, Takhira, Agurskaya. Thatha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa emihumeni Bolshaya Kazachebrodskaya, Krasnoaleksandrovskaya (eduze nedolobhana Tkhagapsh), Navalishenskaya. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze isimo sezikhumbuzo zemvelo zoological ngombuso okhethekile wokuvikela emiqolombeni: Neizma, Ared, Popova, Bolshaya Fanagoriskaya, Archnaya, Gun'kina, Setenai, Svetlaya, Dedova Yama, Ambi-Tsugova, Chernorechenskaya, imayini esebenza edolobhaneni laseDerbentskaya
Faka uthango olukhethekile lokuvikela eminyango eya ejele ukuvimbela ukungena emigedeni. Esifundeni saseLabinsk ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, dala indawo ebekiwe enendawo yokubusa evikela indawo yayo yonke imihume. Ukwehlisa umthelela oqondile we-anthropogenic, kuyadingeka ukulawula ukuvakashelwa komhlaba ngabavakashi, ukuthatha ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwama-attics ezakhiwo lapho kutholakala khona amakoloni amakhulu amalulwane, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti nasebusika kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Yenza imfundo yezemvelo yabantu bendawo ukukholisa abanikazi bezindlu lapho kunamakholoni amagundane ngenzuzo yalolu hlobo kanye nesidingo sokuvikelwa. Ekuthunjweni, i-tricolor bat ayigcinwa, amacala okuzalanisa awachazwa.
