I-Assamese macaque (iMacaca assamensis) noma i-rhesus yezintaba ingeka-oda lama-primates.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-Assamese macaque.
I-Assamese macaque ingenye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezinamakhala amancane ngomzimba ominyene kakhulu, umsila omfushane futhi omningi we-pubescent. Noma kunjalo, ubude bomsila bungobunye futhi bungahluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu banemisila emifushane engafiki emadolweni, kanti abanye bakhulisa umsila omude.
Umbala wama-Assamese macaque macaque uhla usukela kokunsundu ngokujulile okubomvu noma nsundu ngokuya kusikhumba esikhanyayo ngaphambili komzimba, okuvame ukuba lula kunangemuva. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lomzimba lukhanya, luba mhlophe ngokwengeziwe, futhi isikhumba esingenalutho ebusweni siyahluka phakathi kombala onsundu nonsomi ngombala, ngesikhumba esikhanyayo ngokubomvana ngokukhanyayo okumhlophe sizungeze amehlo. I-Assamese macaque inamadevu nentshebe engathuthuki kahle, futhi inezikhwama zezihlathi ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina ukudla ngesikhathi sokudla. Njengama-macaque amaningi, ama-macaque ama-Assamese wesilisa makhulu kunowesifazane.
Ubude bomzimba: 51 - 73.5 cm.Umsila: 15 - 30 cm.Isisindo sowesilisa: 6 - 12 kg, abesifazane: 5 kg. Ama-macaque ama-Assamese amancane ahluka ngombala futhi anombala okhanyayo kunezinkawu ezindala.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwama-Assamese.
Ama-macaque ase-Assamese adla amaqabunga, izithelo nezimbali, ezakha iningi lokudla kwabo. Ukudla okunomsoco kulekelelwa yizinambuzane nama-vertebrate amancane, kufaka phakathi izibankwa.
Ukuziphatha kwe-Assamese macaque.
Ama-macaque ase-Assamese ayizimbongolo ezishintshayo futhi ezenza omnivorous. Bahola impilo yasemaphandleni nasemhlabeni. Ama-macaque ase-Assamese ayasebenza emini, ahamba ngazo zozine. Zithola ukudla phansi, kepha futhi zidla ngezihlahla nezihlahlana. Isikhathi esiningi, izilwane ziyaphumula noma zinakekele uboya bazo, zihlala endaweni enamadwala.
Kunobudlelwano obuthile bezenhlalo ngaphakathi kohlobo, ama-macaque ahlala emaqenjini amancane abantu abayi-10-15, afaka owesilisa, abesifazane nabama-macaque abasha. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala amaqembu abantu abangafika kuma-50. Imihlambi yama-macaque ase-Assamese inezikhundla eziqinile zokubusa. Abesifazane bama-macaque bahlala unomphela eqenjini abazalelwa kulo, kanti abesilisa abancane baya ezindaweni ezintsha lapho sebethomba.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Assamese macaque.
Isikhathi sokuzalela ama-macaque ase-Assamese siqala ngoNovemba kuya kuDisemba eNepal futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari eThailand. Lapho insikazi isilungele ukukhwelana, isikhumba esingemuva ngaphansi komsila siba bomvu. Iphatha inzalo cishe izinsuku eziyi-158 - 170, izala izinyane elilodwa kuphela, elinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-400 lapho izalwa. Ama-macaque amancane azalela cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala futhi azala unyaka ngamunye kuya kwemibili. Impilo yama-Assamese macaque emvelweni icishe ibe yiminyaka eyi-10 - 12.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Assamese macaque.
Ama-macaque ase-Assamese ahlala ezintabeni zaseHimalaya nasezintabeni ezingomakhelwane zeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kwenzeka ezintabeni zaseNepal, eNyakatho India, eningizimu yeChina, eBhutan, eBangladesh, eMyanmar, eLaos, enyakatho yeThailand naseNyakatho yeVietnam.
Ama-subspecies amabili ahlukene njengamanje ayaziwa: i-Western Assamese macaque (M. a.pelop), etholakala eNepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan naseNdiya kanye nama-subspecies wesibili: empumalanga ye-Assamese macaque (M. assamensis), esatshalaliswa eBhutan, India, China , EVietnam. Kungaba khona ama-subspecies wesithathu eNepal, kepha lolu lwazi ludinga ukutadishwa.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-Assamese macaque.
Ama-macaque ase-Assamese ahlala emahlathini aluhlaza asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, emahlathini awomile aqinile nasemahlathini asezintabeni.
Zikhetha amahlathi aminyene futhi ngokuvamile azitholakali emahlathini asekondari.
Izici zendawo yokuhlala kanye nemifucumfucu yemvelo ehlala abantu iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ama-subspecies. Ama-macaque ase-Assamese asakazeka kusuka kuma-hares kuya ezintabeni eziphakeme ezifika ku-2800 m, kanti ehlobo kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka zifike kumamitha ayi-3000, futhi mhlawumbe zifike ku-4000 m. Kepha ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi luvamise ukuhlotshaniswa nezindawo zezintaba ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000. Ama-macaque ase-Assamese akhetha izindawo ezinamadwala ezinqenqemeni lomfula nemifudlana enganikeza ukuvikelwa kwezinye izidalwa.
Isimo sokonga se-Assamese macaque.
I-Assamese macaque ihlukaniswa njengeCishe Isongelwe Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN futhi ivela ku-CITES Isithasiselo II.
Izinsongo endaweni yama-Assamese macaque.
Izinsongo ezinkulu endaweni ehlala ama-Assamese macaque zibandakanya ukugawulwa okukhethiwe nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi we-anthropogenic, ukusabalala kwezinhlobo ezihlasela umfokazi, ukuzingela, ukuhweba ngezilwane ezithunjiwe njengezilwane ezifuywayo nasemaphoyiseni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxubana kwalezi zinhlobo kubeka usongo kwabanye abantu abancane.
Ama-Primates ayazingelwa esifundeni sase-Himalaya ukuze kutholakale ugebhezi lwe-macaque yase-Assamese, esetshenziswa njengendlela yokuvikela "iso elibi" futhi elengiswe emakhaya asenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India.
ENepal, i-macaque yase-Assamese isongelwa ukusatshalaliswa kwayo okulinganiselwe ibe ngaphansi kwama-2,200 km2, ngenkathi indawo, ubukhulu nekhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala iqhubeka nokwehla.
E-Thailand, usongo olukhulu ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nokuzingela inyama. I-Assamese macaque ivikelwe kuphela uma ihlala endaweni yamathempeli.
E-Tibet, i-macaque yase-Assamese izingelwa isikhumba lapho abantu bendawo benza izicathulo. ELaos, China naseVietnam, usongo olukhulu endaweni yase-Assamese macaque ukuzingela inyama nokusebenzisa amathambo ukuthola ibhalsamu noma i-glue. Le mikhiqizo imakethwa ezimakethe zaseVietnam naseChina njengamakhambi okudambisa izinhlungu. Ezinye izinsongo kuma-Assamese macaque ukugawula imithi nokususa ihlathi ngezitshalo nemigwaqo yezolimo, nokuzingela kwezemidlalo. Ama-macaque ase-Assam nawo abuye adutshulwe lapho ehlasela amasimu namasimu ezithelo, futhi abantu bendawo babaqothula njengezinambuzane kwezinye izindawo.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Assamese macaque.
I-Assamese macaque ibhalwe ku-Appendix II we-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (i-CITES), ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba ngalesi silwane kumele kuhlolwe kakhulu.
Kuwo wonke amazwe ahlala ama-Assamese macaque, kufaka phakathi i-India, iThailand neBangladesh, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuvikela kuwo.
I-Assamese macaque ikhona okungenani ezindaweni ezivikelwe ezingama-41 enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya futhi iyatholakala naseziqiwini eziningi zikazwelonke. Ukuze kuvikelwe lezi zinhlobo nendawo ezihlala kuyo, kuye kwenziwa izinhlelo zemfundo kwezinye iziqiwi zaseHimalaya ezikhuthaza izakhamuzi zendawo ukuthi zisebenzise omunye umthombo wamandla esikhundleni sezinkuni, ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi.
I-Assamese macaque itholakala kulezi zindawo ezivikelwe ezilandelayo: National Wildlife Refuge (Laos); emapaki kazwelonke iLangtang, Makalu Barun (Nepal); eSuthep Pui National Park, eHuay Kha Khaeng Nature Reserve, ePhu Kyo Sanctuary (Thailand); ePu Mat National Park (eVietnam).
