Isiqhingi se-botrops (i-Bothrops insularis) noma i-golden botrops inge-oda le-squamous.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeziqhingi zasesiqhingini.
I-botrops yesiqhingi isilwane esihuquzelayo esinesihlungu kakhulu esinemigodi ephawulekayo ye-thermosensitive phakathi kwamakhala namehlo. Njengezinye izinyoka, ikhanda ngokusobala lihlukanisiwe nomzimba futhi lifana nomkhonto omile, umsila mfushane uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi unemikhuba emibi esikhunjeni. Amehlo ayisiyingi.
Umbala uphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi unezimpawu ezimnyama ezingacacile futhi unethiphu emnyama emsileni. Amabala athatha ubujamo obuhlukile futhi atholakala ngaphandle kwephethini ethile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, umbala wesikhumba wesiqhingi ubumnyama uba mnyama, lokhu kungenxa yokwephulwa kwemibandela yokugcina inyoka, okuholela kuzinguquko kuzinqubo ze-thermoregulation. Umbala wesisu uqinile, uphuzi ngokukhanyayo noma umnqumo.
Ama-botrops esiqhingi angaba phakathi kwamasentimitha ayisikhombisa namakhulu ayikhulu namashumi amabili ubude. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni wasesiqhingini i-botrops ngomsila omude, kodwa hhayi owandayo, ngosizo lwayo lukhuphuka kahle ezihlahleni.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwama-insular botrops.
I-botrops yesiqhingi ivame kakhulu esiqhingini esincane esiyingqayizivele saseKeimada Grande, esisogwini lwaseSão Paulo eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Lesi siqhingi sinendawo engama-0.43 km2 kuphela.
Izindawo zokuhlala eziqhingini zasesiqhingini.
Ama-botrops esiqhingi ahlala ezihlahleni naphakathi kwezihlahla eziphansi ezikhula ezakhiweni ezinamadwala. Isimo sezulu esiqhingini siyashisa futhi sinomswakama. Izinga lokushisa kuyaqabukela lehle ngaphansi kwezingu-18 degrees Celsius. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kunawo wonke lingama-degree angamashumi amabili nambili. Isiqhingi saseKeimada Grande cishe asivakashelwa ngabantu, ngakho-ke uhlaza oluminyene lwenza indawo enhle yezitshalo zasesiqhingini.
Okukhethekile kokuziphatha kwama-botrops esiqhingini.
I-botrops yesiqhingi iningi lenyoka yesihlahla kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene. Uyakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni efuna izinyoni, futhi uyasebenza emini. Kunokwehluka okuningana ekuziphatheni nasezinqubeni zomzimba ezihlukanisa ama-botrops esiqhingini nabantu base-mainland bohlobo lweBothropoides. Njengezinye izimbiza, isebenzisa imigodi yayo ezwela ukushisa ukuze ithole inyamazane. Imigulukudu emide, engenalutho iyagoqeka lapho ingasetshenziswanga ukuhlasela, futhi idonswa iye phambili lapho kuzofakwa ubuthi.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwama-botrops esiqhingini.
Ama-botrops esiqhingi, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezisemaphandleni, ezondla kakhulu ngamagundane, zishintshele ekudleni izinyoni ngenxa yokungabikho kwezilwane ezincelisayo kulesi siqhingi. Ukondla amagundane kulula kakhulu kunokubamba izinyoni. Iziqhingi zase-Island ziqala zilandele phansi inyamazane, lapho-ke, ngemuva kokuyibamba inyoni, kufanele iyibambe futhi yethule ngokushesha ubuthi ukuze isisulu singabi nesikhathi sokundiza. Ngakho-ke, ama-botrops asesiqhingini afaka ubuthi khona manjalo, okunobuthi obuphindwe kathathu kuye kahlanu kunobuthi obuthi buphi uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezwe. Ngaphezu kwezinyoni, ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane eziphila nasemanzini, izigaxa zegolide zizingela ofezela, izicabucabu, izibankwa nezinye izinyoka. Kwaphawulwa amacala odla inyama, lapho iziqhingi zasesiqhingini zidla abantu bohlobo lwazo.
Isimo sokongiwa kwama-botrops esiqhingi.
Ama-botrops esiqhingini ahlukaniswa njengezingozi ezisengozini enkulu futhi abhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List. Inabantu abaningi kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoka, kepha ngokuvamile izinombolo zayo zincane kakhulu, ziphakathi kwabantu abayi-2 000 no-4,000.
Indawo okuhlala kuyo lesi siqhingi isengcupheni yokuguquka ngenxa yokugawulwa nokushiswa kwezihlahla.
Inani lezinyoka lehle kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, okuyinqubo ebhebhethekiswa ukubanjwa kwamabhodlela athengiswa ngokungemthetho. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinyoni, izicabucabu kanye nezibankwa ezahlukahlukene ezihlala esiqhingini saseKeimada Grande, ezidla izinyoka ezisencane futhi zinciphise inani lazo.
Yize iziqhingi zaseziqhingini zivikelwe njengamanje, indawo yayo yokuhlala yonakaliswe kakhulu futhi nezindawo lapho izihlahla, manje zimbozwe ngotshani, ezikhule khona esikhathini esidlule, kuzothatha iminyaka ukubuyisa leli hlathi. Ama-botrops egolide asengozini enkulu ngenxa yalezi zinsongo, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwezinhlobo kuncishisiwe. Futhi noma iyiphi inhlekelele yemvelo esiqhingini (ikakhulukazi imililo yasendle) ingabhubhisa zonke izinyoka kulesi siqhingi. Ngenxa yenani elincane lezinyoka, ukuzalana okuhlobene eduze kwenzeka phakathi kweziqhingi zaseziqhingini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuvela abantu be-hermaphrodite, abayinyumba futhi abanikeli inzalo.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-botrops yesiqhingi.
I-Island botrops yinyoka enobuthi futhi eyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi ubuthi begolide begrops bungasetshenziswa ngokwelapha ukwelapha izimo ezithile. Leli qiniso lenza ukuvikeleka kwama-botrops esiqhingini kudingeke kakhulu. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwenyoka aluzange lufundwe kahle ngokwanele ngenxa yokuba kude kwesiqhingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubhanana waqala ukutshalwa kule ndawo, okwaholela ekunciphiseni okuthile kubantu baseziqhingini zasesiqhingini.
Imisebenzi yososayensi abafunda ngalezi zinyoka inyusa isimo sokukhathazeka.
Ochwepheshe benza ucwaningo oluningi kanye nezinyathelo zokongiwa kwemvelo ukuze baqoqe imininingwane eningiliziwe nge-biology kanye nemvelo yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi futhi baqaphe nenombolo. Ukuze kulondolozwe ama-botrops esiqhingini, kunconywa ukuthi kumiswe ngokuphelele ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinyoka okungekho emthethweni. Kuhlelwe futhi ukuthi kwenziwe uhlelo lokuzalanisa lokuthumba ukuvimbela ukuphela kwezinhlobo zasendle, futhi lezi zenzo zizosiza ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngezici zezinto eziphilayo nezinhlobo zaso, ngaphandle kokubamba izinyoka zasendle. Izinhlelo zemfundo yomphakathi zinganciphisa futhi nokubanjwa ngokungemthetho kwezihuquzelayo ezingavamile endaweni yaseKeimada Grande, kusiza ukuvikela ikusasa lale nyoka ehlukile.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-botrops esiqhingini.
Iziqhingi zase-Island zizalanisa phakathi kuka Mashi noJulayi. Izinyoka ezincane zivela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. I-brood inamawundlu ambalwa kunama-botrops ezwekazini, kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-10. Cishe angamasentimitha angama-23-25 ubude futhi anesisindo esingu-10-11 amagremu, athambekele kakhulu empilweni yasebusuku kunabantu abadala. Ama-botrops amancane adla ama-invertebrates.
I-Island Botrops yinyoka eyingozi.
Ubuthi be-Island botrops buyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu. Kepha awekho amacala okufa kwabantu ngenxa yokulunywa yisirhubuluzi esinoshevu abhalwe phansi ngokusemthethweni. Lesi siqhingi sisekude futhi izivakashi azizimisele ukuvakashela lesi siqhingi esincane. Ama-Bottrops insular angenye yezinyoka ezinesihlungu kakhulu eLatin America.
Ngisho nangokunakekelwa kwezempilo okufika ngesikhathi, cishe amaphesenti amathathu abantu abulawa ukulunywa. Ukungena kwe-toxin emzimbeni kuhambisana nobuhlungu, ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu, ukuvela kwama-hematomas kanye nokopha okulandelayo ebuchosheni. Ubuthi be-Island botrops busebenza ngokushesha futhi buqine kahlanu kunanoma iyiphi enye i-toxin ye-botrops.
