I-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi (Buteo platypterus) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zebuzzard enamaphiko abanzi
I-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi ingamasentimitha angama-44 ubukhulu futhi inamaphiko angamasentimitha angama-86 kuye kwayi-100.
Isisindo: 265 - 560 g.
Ukhozi olunamaphiko abanzi lubizwa ngamaphiko alo abanzi, okuyisici esivelele salolu hlobo. Esinye isici esivelele umugqa obanzi, omhlophe ohamba ngomsila uze ufike kwengxenye yokuphakama. I-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi iyahluka kwabanye abameleli bohlobo lwe-Buteo emzimbeni wayo omncane, i-compact silhouette namaphiko akhombe kakhulu.
Izinyoni ezindala zinombala onsundu ngaphezulu nezinhla ezilula ngezansi.
Umsila unombala onsundu onsundu ngemigqa esobala emhlophe futhi incane, icishe ingabonakali ekugcineni komsila. Lapho ubhungane onamaphiko abanzi ehleli, izeluleko zamaphiko akhe azifinyeleli esicongweni somsila. Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni ezisencane uyafana nombala wezimpaphe zezimpungushe ezindala ezinamaphiko abanzi, noma kunjalo, ingaphansi lawo limhlophe ngemithambo emnyama. Umsila ubomvu ngokukhanyayo unemivimbo engu-4 noma emi-5 emnyama eguqukayo. Ama-buzzards anamaphiko abanzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi anenqenqema yokumhlophe emhlophe ebhekene nesizinda esimnyama.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni ezidla inyama lunohlobo olunombala omnyama ezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Izimpaphe zabantu abanjalo zimnyama bhuqe ngokuphelele, kufaka phakathi ngezansi, kepha umsila uyefana nawo wonke ama-buzzard anezimpondo ezibanzi. Izinhlobo ezine zezingcingo zarekhodwa ezinyonini. Isililo yiso esidume kakhulu, esisebenza ukumaka insimu, njengesikhathi sokuzalela, ukuthi ezindaweni, ebusika, impempe ephezulu egcina imizuzwana emibili kuya kwemine 'kiiii - iiii' noma 'piiowii'. Kodwa-ke, ukhiqiza nemisindo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene nasezimeni zenhlalo, ezinjengokuxabana noma ubudlelwano.
Izindawo ezivamile zama-buzzard
Endaweni yazo yokuhlala, ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi akhetha amahlathi ahlukanisayo, ahlanganisiwe aqinile futhi aqinile, lapho kunezindawo ezilula zokwakha izidleke. Ngaphakathi kwendawo enikeziwe, zitholakala duzane nokuhlanzwa, imigwaqo, izindlela ezinqamulelayo noma zomngcele kumaxhaphozi noma ezimfundeni. Ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi asebenzisa isikhala samahhala ukuthola ukudla. Bayakugwema ukwakha izidleke emahlathini aminyene ngezihlahla ezikhula kakhulu.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwamaphiko abanzi
I-buzzard enamaphiko amakhulu ibhekene nezwekazi laseMelika. Isatshalaliswa e-United States naseningizimu enkulu yeCanada. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ifudukela ngaseningizimu iye eFlorida, lapho izinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama zitholakala khona emithambekeni yogu lwasePacific eMexico, enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi. I-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi ihlala eCuba, ePuerto Rico. Imibhangqwana enezinyoni ezincane ivame ukutholakala.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi
Ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi ngokuvamile ahlala yedwa futhi awabonakali ngokuziphatha kwendawo, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokufuduka. Izindawo zokuzalela ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi azifundiswanga ngokunemba okwanele, kepha kubonakala sengathi, kepha abesilisa batholakala kaningi kunabesifazane. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoni ezidla inyama eNyakatho Melika ezakha amaqembu amaningi ezinyoni.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, eminye imihlambi (ochwepheshe abayibiza ngokuthi 'i-cauldron' noma 'i-teapot') ingafinyelela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zabantu. Le migqa ingama-plurispécifiques futhi ingaqukatha ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezizingelayo.
Njengezinye izigaba eziningi zama-buzzard, i-buzzard enamaphiko abanzi iyinhlangano yokushayela izindiza enhle kakhulu.
Isebenzisa imisinga yomoya ephezulu, evuthayo ukuze ikhuphuke, igweme izindleko zamandla angeziwe okushaya amaphiko.
Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi amaka indawo yawo yokwakha ngezingcingo ezingajwayelekile ezivela egqumeni eliphakeme. Asebenza kakhulu emini.
Ukuzalela kwama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi
Ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi yizinyoni ezizodwa. Amabili amiswa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemuva kokufika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke, kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli ngasekupheleni. Izindiza zokukhombisa zifaka izindiza ezindiza kanye nokunikelwa kokudla okuyisiko, yize kunolwazi oluncane ngokuqomisana kwalezi zinyoni. Imibhangqwana ingahlala ndawonye isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Isikhathi sokudlela sisukela ku-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, kepha izinyoni zine-clutch eyodwa kuphela. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke kuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ama-buzzard amadala akha isidleke kusuka emavikini amabili kuya kwamane. Itholakala kwimfoloko emagatsheni aseduze kwesiqu somuthi we-coniferous. Izingcezu zokhuni olubolile, amagatsha amasha, ukushefa kwamagxolo kusebenza njengezinto zokwakha. Ezinye izinyoni ezinamaphiko abanzi zisebenzisa izidleke ezindala zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama ezikwaziyo ukuzilungisa.
Ngokuvamile kunamaqanda ama-2 noma ama-3 ku-clutch, abekwa ngemuva kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Amaqanda ambozwe ngegobolondo elimhlophe noma elikhilimu noma igobolondo elincane eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Insikazi ifukamela kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye kwezingu-31. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa unakekela umsoco womlingani wakhe. Amachwane avela embozwe ukukhanya phansi ngamehlo avulekile, futhi awasizi ngalutho njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Insikazi ayishiyi inzalo isonto lonke ngemuva kokuchamisela.
Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokondla, owesilisa uletha ukudla esidlekeni, insikazi idabula izingcezu zayo bese yondla amaphuphu. Kepha-ke, ngemuva kweviki elilodwa - amabili, usevele uyashiya esidlekeni ayozingela. Ama-buzzards amancane anamaphiko abanzi ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwamasonto ama-5 noma ayisithupha, kepha ahlala endaweni yabazali isikhathi eside amasonto ama-4 kuye kwayi-8. Lapho zinamasonto ayisikhombisa, ziqala ukuzingela zodwa futhi ziyeke ukuncika ezinyoni ezindala.
Uma kwenzeka kunokuntuleka kokudla noma ukuphazamiseka ekondleni, amatshwele athuthukile kakhulu aqeda amatshwele amancane. Kepha lesi simo asivamile phakathi kwama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi.
Ukondliwa kwamaphiko abanzi
Ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi yizilwane ezinamaphiko. Ukudla kwabo kuyahluka kakhulu ngezikhathi zonyaka. Kubuswa ngu:
- izinambuzane,
- izilwane eziphila ezweni,
- ezihuquzelayo,
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane,
- izinyoni.
Lokhu kuphanga kungatholakala unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokwakha izidleke, ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi avamise ukuzingela izingwejeje zomhlabathi, ama-shrews nama-voles. Izilwane ezinamaphiko zithandwa kakhulu: amaxoxo, izibankwa nezinyoni ezincane ezihlala izidleke. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, kubanjwa ojekamanzi abakhulu, izinyoka nezinkalankala, namagundane. Lapho udla izinyoni, hlanza isidumbu ezimpapheni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kokufuduka, ama-buzzard anamaphiko abanzi adla njengenjwayelo, ngoba awaqongeleli amafutha. Azidingi amandla amaningi endizeni yazo ngoba lezi yizindiza ezinhle kakhulu futhi izinyoni azichithi isikhathi esiningi sohambo lwazo.
