I-Black Russian Terrier (i-English Russian Black Terrier) noma inja ka-Stalin (futhi i-RCHT, i-Chernysh) iyinhlobo etholakala esizukulwaneni saseKrasnaya Zvezda ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-40s, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-50 ngenhloso yokwenza umsebenzi kanye nezempi. Naphezu kwaleli gama, uyisigaxa esincane, ngoba izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-17 zibambe iqhaza ekuweleni.
Izifushaniso
- Ama-RFTs azalelwa ukusebenza futhi adinga umsebenzi, ngaphandle kwawo awaneme. Uma lokhu kungeyona inja yensizakalo, kodwa umlingani, khona-ke ungayilayisha ngokuqeqeshwa nangokwala kwezemidlalo okufana nokushesha.
- Umthwalo omncane yimizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Kungcono kakhulu kubo egcekeni elibiyelwe, kepha ngemithwalo eyanele, ama-terriers aseRussia angahlala efulethini.
- Zikhonkotha futhi zichithe kancane, kepha lezi yizinja futhi ngeke zenze ngaphandle kwezinwele nomsindo.
- Bawuthanda umndeni, ngokuba sesiyingini sabantu nokuxhumana. Akuyona inja ezoboshwa ngamaketanga.
- Unenkani kancane, kepha uhlakaniphile futhi badinga umphathi oqinile ongakuvumeli ukwephula imithetho.
- Ngokwemvelo, ababethembi abantu abangabazi, ngesikhathi sokuzijabulisa bazoba nesineke, kepha bengamukeli. Bayozivikela ezabo kuze kuphele umoya wokugcina.
- Bayazithanda izingane, bazixolele ngisho nesimo sengqondo sokudelela. Kepha, noma kunjalo, akufanele ushiye inja enkulu enengane yodwa.
Umlando wozalo
Ukuqala kwekhulu leminyaka kwakudabukisa iRussia - iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iNguquko, uMhlaba Wesibili ...
Lapho abantu befa, akekho owakhumbula ngezinja futhi izinhlobo eziningi zavele zanyamalala. Isakhiwo sokuqala ebesinakekela insizakalo yokuzalanisa izinja ibutho.
Ngo-1924, ngomyalo we-Revolutionary Military Council No. 1089, isibaya saseKrasnaya Zvezda senzelwe ukuqeqesha izinja zemidlalo nezempi. Inkulisa yayinamalabhorethri, izindawo zokuqeqesha, isisekelo, kodwa ekuqaleni babengekho ochwepheshe.
Kancane kancane, izinto zaba ngcono, futhi izinja zaqeqeshelwa umsebenzi wokugada, ukuhlonishwa, izidingo zenhlanzeko nezokuxhumana. Ngemuva kwalokho kwengezwa imisebenzi yokucekela phansi nokuqeqeshwa ekwehliseni amathangi.
Laba balwi abanemilenze emine bafika ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, besiza ukuvikela izwe kumaNazi. Ekupheleni kwempi, ibutho lezinja lamasha linqamula eRed Square, kanye namasosha.
Amasosha ase-USSR afunda izifundo zeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwathi ngo-1949 indlu yenja (njengengxenye yeHhovisi Lombutho Wezobunjiniyela WaseSoviet Army) yathola umyalo wombuso wohlobo lwezinja ezifuywa ngokukhethekile ngezidingo zebutho.
Ngaphezu kobudlova, bekufanele abe namandla, ukukhuthazela, imilenze emikhulu nemide, akwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqapha futhi alawulwe.
Isizathu esikhulu salomyalo ukuthi izinja zonogada, ezivamile ebuthweni, zazingashintshelwa ekusebenzeni emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Abelusi baseJalimane emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-degree angama-20 bebengasebenza amahora angaphezu kwama-6.
Ngakho-ke, imfuneko eyinhloko kwakuwukumelana nesithwathwa nokuba khona kwezinwele ezinde. Igama - inja kaStalin ithandwa kakhulu, ngoba umholi uqobo wayengenabo ubudlelwano nokuvela kohlobo, ukusebenza ngalo kwaqala ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe.
Le phrojekthi yenziwa uLieutenant Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Kalinin, inhloko yenkulisa, ngoba umsebenzi wawubaluleke kakhulu futhi ngalezo zinsuku wawungewona ubudedengu.
Ngenxa yalokho, kwazalwa uhlobo olusha - iRussia Black Terrier noma iRFT. Njengoba sekushiwo, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zazisetshenziswa lapho kuwelwa.
Inhloso yeziphambano zokuqala ezizalanayo kwakuwukuthola inja yesevisi, enkulu futhi enamandla, enolaka kodwa ephathekayo. Ngakho-ke, ingaphandle lalingabalulekile, futhi ukukhetha izinhlobo kwakwehliswa kakhulu.
Ososayensi bakhethe iGiant Schnauzer (ngobukhulu bayo, isibindi nobuhlakani bayo), i-Airedale Terrier (yokuzethemba, ukungazesabi nosayizi) kanye neRottweiler (umlindi omuhle, onolaka futhi omkhulu). Baba yisisekelo sokuzalela, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zanezelwa, kufaka phakathi iNewfoundland.
Izizukulwane zokuqala zazinezinkinga ezithile: izinwele ezimfushane, amazinyo angaphelele, amabala, amasende angazange angene esikhunjeni. Kepha, umsebenzi waqhubeka futhi kancane kancane ukubonakala kohlobo olusha kwakhiwa.
Ngo-1957, ama-terriers okuqala amnyama akhonjiswa ku-All-Union Exhibition of Service and Hunting Dogs eMoscow, kepha umsebenzi wokwakhiwa kohlobo lwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngama-80s.
Ngo-1957, lohlobo lwaphela ukuba impahla kahulumeni, futhi imidlwane yaqala ukuthengiswa kubantu abazimele, ikakhulukazi amasosha. Ngo-1958 i-Standard yokuqala yohlobo "Russian Black Terrier" yashicilelwa ku- "Manual for the training and use of military dogs".
Abazalisi bathuthukisa futhi bengezela izinja zabo ngokuya ngaleli zinga futhi umphumela kuba yizinhlobo ezimbili: i-terriers enezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimfishane.
Kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1979, indlu yenja yaseKrasnaya Zvezda iyaqhubeka nokubandakanya lolu hlobo. Ngo-1981, ngoku-oda uNombolo 19 we-Main Directorate for Nature Protection, ngesiphakamiso somkhandlu we-canine, i-Standard for the breed "Russian Black Terrier" (RFT) yamukelwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuphume udoti ongaphezu kwama-800 esibayeni, futhi isibalo semidlwane ehlangabezana nezinga lesi sidlule ama-4000.
Ngo-1983, iBlack Russian Terrier (ngaleso sikhathi yayimane nje - iBlack Terrier) yabhaliswa yi-FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale). Ngo-1992, lo mhlobo waqanjwa kabusha ngokusemthethweni i-Black Russian Terrier.
Bamukelwe kahle ezweni lesitha sabo - i-United States. I-Black Russian Terrier Club yokuqala yaseMelika (i-BRTCA) yasungulwa ngo-1993, kwathi ngo-2004 lo mhlobo wahlonishwa ngokuphelele yi-American Kennel Club (AKC).
Yize lezi zinja zikhuliswe ngempumelelo kusuka ngesikhathi sokuvela kwazo, zinguhlobo olungajwayelekile, ngisho naseRussia.
EMelika, zisendaweni ye-135 enanini lezinja ezibhalisiwe, ezinhlotsheni eziyi-167 ezingaba khona.
Incazelo yohlobo
Idizayinelwe izinjongo zensizakalo, iBlack Russian Terrier iyinja enkulu, yezemidlalo, enamandla nenokwethenjelwa.
Abesilisa bakhulu futhi banemisipha eminingi kunamaqhuqhuva futhi bafinyelela ku-72-76 cm lapho kubuna futhi banesisindo esingu-50-60 kg, ama-bitches angama-68-72 cm nezisindo ezingama-45-50 kg. Amathambo makhulu, nomthethosisekelo wezinja uqinile.
Inhloko ilingana nomzimba futhi icishe ilingane nobude entanyeni. Ukhakhayi lubanzi futhi luyindilinga, lunokuma okulingene. Izindlebe zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, zinesimo esingunxantathu, zibekwe phezulu ekhanda bese zilenga phansi ngokukhululeka.
Amehlo aqanda futhi ahlala emnyama ngombala. Kunentshebe esifubeni enikeza inja ukuzwakalisa okuyisikwele. Izindebe zivaliwe, zijiyile, zimnyama. Amazinyo amakhulu, amhlophe, isikele.
Umzimba kufanele unikeze umbono wamandla namandla. Intamo yemisipha nejiyile idlulela esifubeni esibanzi, i-oval shape ngesisu esiqinile nesicijile. Umsila ungabanjiswa noma cha.
Ayimisiwe, imise okwama-saber noma imise okwe isikela. Ama-paw pads makhulu, ngezipikili ezimnyama, izinzwane ezinenzuzo kufanele zisuswe.
Umbala okuvunyelwe wona kuphela omnyama, kepha inani elincane lempunga livunyelwe. Uboya buphindwe kabili, buhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa esimweni sezulu. Ingubo yangaphansi ithambile futhi iminyene, izinwele zokugada zinde, zishwabene futhi zishwabene. Ijazi akufanele ligoqane noma ligobeke, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ligaxekile.
Ubuso bunentshebe, amadevu namashiya agobhoza phezu kwamehlo. Ngemibukiso, ama-terriers amnyama ayazilungisa, ngemuva kwalokho inja ibukeka inamandla, inamandla futhi izethembile.
Uhlamvu
IBlack Russian Terrier luhlobo lwensizakalo, olunomzwelo othuthukile wokuqapha nokuvikela umhlambi noma insimu yawo. Iningi lezinja ezigadayo zihlasela ngolaka izihlaseli, kepha hhayi i-black terrier. Amaqhinga abo angabashokobezi futhi asuselwa ekuvikeleni kunokuhlasela.
Esikhundleni sokundizela kulo ongena ngaphakathi, umnyama omnyama uzomvumela asondele bese ehlasela. Avikela ngokunamandla umndeni nempahla, kepha imvamisa ubukhulu nokubukeka kwale nja kwanele ukupholisa amakhanda ashisayo. Inja iyathukuthela uma ikholelwa ukuthi usongo lungokoqobo, kepha shesha wehlise umoya lapho nje inyamalala.
Kusukela isisekelo sohlobo, bakha ubudlelwano obuseduze nomnikazi, abathembeke kakhulu kuye. Ama-terriers amnyama anamathiselwe kubantu, akufanele ashiywe yedwa efulethini noma ezindizeni. Uma inja ishiywa yodwa isikhathi eside, ingaba yindawo engavikela ngisho nomnikazi wayo.
Isikhathi esisele lezi zinja zigada insimu, zihlale zixwayisa umnikazi ngomsebenzi ongajwayelekile, zikhonkothe kuphela uma kunesidingo. Yize amaRussia Black Terriers engabonakali ekhonkotha ngokungalawuleki, kungcono ukuqeqesha inja ukuyala buthule.
Kulula ukuziqeqesha, kepha aziqeqeshwa kahle. Noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungathandeki kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha ukuze kungabi umkhuba ngokuzayo.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo nokubukeka kwayo okusongelayo, lolu hlobo luqeqesha kakhulu kunawo wonke ama-terriers. Inobuhlakani futhi inokwethenjelwa, umnyama omnyama ulwela ukujabulisa umnikazi wayo, unesimilo esizolile nokuziphatha. Imidlwane ikhombisa ubuhlakani isencane, ifunde ngokushesha, ivumelane nezimo futhi iqonde.
Banelukuluku lokwazi futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubabheke njengoba bezokhipha amakhala abo kuyo yonke imigwaqo. Bayakuqonda ukuhleleka nalokho okuvunyelwe nokungavunyelwe, ikakhulukazi uma behlala endlini nenja ekhuliswe kahle.
Kepha, badinga isandla esinamandla nomnikazi oqinile ozokhipha imingcele yalokho okuvunyelwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bazojwayela ukuwawela, kuzoba isimilo okunzima ukusisusa.
Isibonelo, uma ungafuni ukuthi inja endala ilale embhedeni owodwa nawe, ungavumeli injana ukuthi ikwenze.
Lapho uqeqesha ama-terriers amnyama, udinga ukuqina, ukungakhethi kanye nokungaguquguquki. Awukwazi ukubaphatha kabi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, vele bazama kusuka ekujuleni kwezinhliziyo zabo ukujabulisa umuntu, bafunda ngokushesha.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugadwa nobuholi kuyadingeka kumnikazi ukuze inja ikhule ibe yilungu lomndeni wakho elilalelayo.
Isici sohlobo luyinkumbulo enhle nengqondo ebukhali, bamunca imiyalo nezenzo. AmaBlack Russian Terriers enza kahle kakhulu ekulaleleni nasekusebenzeni kalula, kuyanconywa ukuthi uthathe izifundo kulezi zifundo. Inkambo yokulalela izomvumela ukuthi aqonde indawo yakhe emndenini, ngoba lolu luhlobo olubusayo futhi ufisa ukuba ngumholi wepakethe.
Leyo midlwane, ukuthi izinja ezindala zithanda izingane, zingabalingani abangakhathali nabangamagwinya emidlalweni yezingane. Izingane zithanda amantombazane ikakhulukazi. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ubunjalo bawo obumnandi futhi obulinganiselayo bubavumela ukuthi babukeke futhi babe mnene nezingane. Bayakuvumela ukuthi uzigibele, udonse uboya nentshebe yakho, ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ababekezeli nje kuphela, kepha bayaziqonda izingane ezincane, bazixolele ngokudonsa ngomsila nezindlebe. Ukungakhathali kwabo kuzovumela ukudlala imidlalo esebenzayo nezingane isikhathi eside. Bavame ukulala enkulisa noma eduze kombhede, basebenze njengonogada nonogada.
Ukuzigcina ulungile, ama-terriers amnyama adinga okungenani uhambo olulodwa ngosuku, kusuka kumaminithi angama-30 ubude.
Bayathanda ukulala kusofa nomndeni wabo, kepha futhi badinga umsebenzi, kufaka phakathi nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili konke kukhuthazwa yinja.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umnikazi abekhona, uma kungenjalo ngeke babe nentshisekelo. Kusanconywa ukuhamba nge-leash, yize lokhu kungabalulekile kuma-terriers amnyama.
Ngeke bajahe noma bagijimele othile, kepha lena yinja enkulu kakhulu futhi uzicabange usesikhundleni somuntu ozayo oyibona ingenayo leash.
Inja yesevisi, yakhelwe ukuvikela nokuvikela futhi ngokwemvelo iyasolisa ngabantu ongabazi. Ngokushesha lapho wethula umdlwane ezindaweni ezintsha, abantu, iphunga, okuhlangenwe nakho, ukuthula nokuzethemba okukhulu azozizwa khona ngokuzayo.
Ngokuhlalisana okuhle, ama-terriers amnyama aseRussia ngeke asolise ngokweqile futhi angabethembi abantu ongabazi. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe ukuthi iqhinga labo ukulinda lowo ongenayo ukuba asondele ngokwanele bese ehlasela ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
Ngale ndlela yokuziphatha, ukuxhumana nabantu kubaluleke kakhulu, khona-ke bazolalela futhi banake bobabili nabantu nezinye izilwane.
Bazwana kahle endlini eyodwa namakati nezinye izinja. Abesilisa bangabusa abanye besilisa, kepha ngokuvamile bangomakhelwane abanobungane nabanemikhuba emihle.
Uhlobo nalo lunezinkinga. Bahlushwa isizungu nesithukuthezi uma behlala ekhaya isikhathi eside. Isizungu siholela ekuziphatheni okulimazayo, ukukhonkotha, ukungalaleli. Babuye bafafaze amanzi amaningi bashiye iziziba phansi ngenkathi bephuza, njengoba intshebe icwila emanzini.
AmaBlack Russian Terriers ayivelakancane, kepha uma uwathola bese uthandana nale nja enesibindi nesineke.
Ungumngane oqotho ofuna ukujabulisa, ovikela umndeni nekhaya, onokwethenjelwa, ongaguquguquki, olinganiselayo, oziphatha kahle nezinye izilwane nezingane, futhi akadingi ukucindezeleka okukhulu ukugcina impilo yomzimba nengqondo.
Zijwayela kahle futhi zingaphumelela ukuhlala zombili endlini yangasese nasendlini.
Ukunakekela
Ijazi eliminyene leBlack Terrier likhipha ngokulingene, kepha lide impela futhi lidinga ukubhulashwa kabili ngesonto. Ukuxubha kususa izinwele ezifile futhi kuvimbela uboya ekuthangeni.
Ukusika uboya kuyadingeka kabili - kathathu ngonyaka, ngaphezulu izinja ezibamba iqhaza emibonisweni. Kubalulekile ukuthola uchwepheshe omuhle wokuhlanza izinja, njengoba ukubukeka okulungiswe kahle kubalulekile kwizilwane zokubonisa, ikakhulukazi njengoba kunezitayela ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukunakekela i-Black Russian Terrier akuhlukile nakwezinye izinhlobo. Ukusika izinzipho zakho, ukuxubha amazinyo akho nokuhlola izindlebe zakho njalo ukuhlanzeka yizo zonke izinqubo.
Ezempilo
I-RFT uhlobo oluqinile futhi lungaphila iminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-14. Azimelene nemikhuhlane, azijwayele izakhi zofuzo futhi zihlukaniswa ngempilo ebalulekile maqondana nezinye izinhlobo ezihlanzekile.
Kodwa futhi banezifo izinja ezijwayelene nazo. I-Dysplasia yejoyini le-hip kanye ne-dysplasia ye-elbow joint (isishayo sezinja ezinkulu) zivame kakhulu.
Izifo zezinso azivamile - i-hyperuricosuria ne-hyperuricemia.
