Kulezi zinsuku, isizukulwane sempilo esizenzekelayo sithathwa njengesingenakwenzeka. Kodwa ososayensi bayavuma, kanti abanye baze bathi esikhathini esedlule le nqubo yenzeka futhi yabizwa ngokuthi yi-abiogenic synthesis of organic organic. Ngamanye amagama, izinto eziphilayo zingakhiwa ngaphandle kwezinto eziphilayo (eziphila kokungaphili).
Izici zenqubo
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Abiogenic kwezinto eziphilayo kungokwengqondo, kepha lokhu kudinga izimo ezithile. Phakathi nale nqubo, kwakheka izingxube ezingasebenzi noma zobuhlanga. Izinto ziqukethe izinhlobonhlobo zama-isom ajikelezayo ngamanani alinganayo.
Namuhla, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-abiogenic kwenziwa ema laboratories akhethekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuphenywa ama-monomers amaningi abalulekile ngokwezinto eziphilayo. Omunye wemikhiqizo ye-abiogenic synthesis ebaluleke ngokungavamile emsebenzini wabantu ngamafutha. Ngenkathi yokufuduka, into idlula ngogqinsi lwedwala le-sedimentary, likhipha ingxube ephilayo eyethulwe ngendlela yezinhlaka nama-porphyrins.
Abaphenyi abaningi, ukuze bafakazele ukuthi kukhona yini i-abiogenic synthesis, baphendukela enqubeni yenqubo yezimboni yokuthola izinto zokubasa zokwenziwa. Noma kunjalo, becwaninga ngokujulile ekutadisheni kukawoyela, ososayensi bathole umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokwakhiwa kwemixube yemvelo neyokwenziwa yokwenziwa kwehydrocarbon. Kulesi sakamuva, cishe awekho ama-molecule ayinkimbinkimbi agcwele izinto ezifana namafutha acid, terpenes, styrenes.
Ezimweni zelebhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-abiogenic kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukukhishwa kagesi noma ukuvezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Izigaba zokuqaliswa kokuhlanganiswa kwe-abiogenic
Ososayensi abaningi bathi namuhla inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-abiogenic ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwelabhorethri. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi le nto yenzeke eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3,5 edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, synthesis izinto eziphilayo lwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:
- ukuvela kwamakhompiyutha aphansi esisindo samangqamuzana - phakathi kwawo kwakukhona ama-hydrocarbon aphendula ngomphunga wamanzi, okwaholela ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali afana notshwala, amaketoni, i-aldehydes, ama-organic acids; izikhungo eziguqula ama-monosaccharides, ama-nucleotide, ama-amino acid nama-phosphates;
- ukuqaliswa kokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali alula wezinto eziphakeme zamangqamuzana ezibizwa ngama-biopolymers (amaprotheni, i-lipids, i-nucleic acid, i-polysaccharides) - kwenzeke ngenxa yokusabela kwe-polymerization, okutholwe ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemisebe ye-ionizing.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-abiogenic kwezinto eziphilayo kuye kwaqinisekiswa yizifundo ezifakazele ukuthi izinhlanganisela zalolu hlobo zitholakale esikhaleni.
Kukholakala ukuthi ama-catalysts angavamile (ngokwesibonelo, ubumba, i-ayoni yensimbi, ithusi, i-zinc, i-titanium ne-silicon oxides) abalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-synthesis ye-abiogenic.
Ukubukwa kososayensi banamuhla ngemvelaphi yokuphila
Abaphenyi abaningi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi imvelaphi yokuphila ivela eduze kwezindawo ezisogwini lolwandle nolwandle. Emngceleni wolwandle nomoya womoya, izimo ezinhle zakhiwa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayinkimbinkimbi.
Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, empeleni, zingamasistimu avulekile athola amandla avela ngaphandle. Impilo emhlabeni ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamandla ayingqayizivele. Okwamanje, amathuba okuvela kwezinto eziphilayo ezintsha mancane, ngoba kwathatha izigidigidi zeminyaka ukudala lokhu esinakho namuhla. Ngisho noma izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ziqala ukuvela, zizokhiqizwa ngokushesha noma zisetshenziswe yizinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic.
