IJalimane izwe elinemboni ethuthukile kanye nezolimo. Kule mikhakha emibili izinkinga zayo eziyinhloko zemvelo ziyakheka. Umthelela emvelweni ovela emabhizinisini ezimboni kanye nasekutshalweni kwezinsimu kubanga ama-90% omthwalo we-anthropogenic ohlelweni lwezemvelo.
Izici zezwe
IJalimane inabantu besibili ngobukhulu eYurophu. Insimu yayo nezinga lobuchwepheshe lobuchwepheshe kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi, phakathi kwazo okukhona: ezezimoto, ubunjiniyela bemishini, insimbi, imboni yamakhemikhali. Ngaphandle kwendlela efanelekile kwezobuchwepheshe, inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi ngokungenakugwenywa liholela ekuqongeleleni kwezinto eziyingozi emoyeni.
I-pedantry kazwelonke yaseJalimane isusa ukukhishwa okungalindelekile kwezinto ezinobuthi emkhathini noma ukuchitheka kwamakhemikhali phansi. Inazo zonke izinhlelo zokuhlunga ezidingekayo, ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo kanye nomthetho kuyasebenza. Ngokulimaza imvelo, kubekwa unswinyo olukhulu, kuze kube sekumeni okuphoqelelwe kwebhizinisi elenzayo.
Insimu yaseJalimane inokukhululeka okuhlukile. Kukhona kokubili indawo enezintaba futhi iflethi, equkethe amasimu. Lezi zindawo zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo. Imisebenzi ethile yokuvuna nayo ineqhaza ekungcolisweni komoya namanzi.
Ukungcoliswa kwezimboni
Ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obuhle kakhulu obusetshenziswa ezimbonini zaseJalimane, akunakwenzeka ukukukhipha ngokuphelele ukungena kwezinto ezinobungozi emkhathini. Ngisho nasezinhlelweni ezivaliwe nasekusetshenzisweni kabusha okuningi, iphesenti "lokukhipha", noma lincane, lihlala. Njengoba kunikezwe ubukhulu bezimboni nezimboni, lokhu kuzenza zizwakale ngokuwohloka kokwakhiwa komoya ezindaweni ezinkulu zezimboni.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (awukho umoya, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukushisa komoya okuhle), i-smog ingabonakala emadolobheni amakhulu aseJalimane. Le yinkungu, equkethe izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zamagesi okukhipha imoto, ukukhishwa kwamabhizinisi nokunye ukungcola. I-Industrial smog iyakwazi ukuguqula ibe yintuthu ye-photochemical lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zithintana zakha izinhlanganisela ezintsha. Lolu hlobo lwentuthu luyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu, lubangele ukusabela okuhlukahlukene komzimba - ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula okuncane, amehlo anamanzi, njll.
Ukungcola ngamakhemikhali ezolimo
Ezolimo ezithuthukiswe kahle zaseJalimane zisebenzisa kakhulu izibulala-zinambuzane. Leli gama lisho izinto ezahlukahlukene ezenzelwe ukulwa nokhula, izinambuzane, amagundane, njll. Ama-pesticides avikela isivuno, avumela inani elikhulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yendawo, akhulise ukumelana nesithelo ezifweni futhi andise impilo yeshalofu.
Ukufafaza izibulala-zinambuzane emasimini kuvame ukwenziwa yizindiza. Kulokhu, amakhemikhali awatholi kuphela ezitshalweni ezilinyiwe, kepha futhi nasezimileni zasendle, emizimbeni yamanzi. Leli qiniso liholela ekufakweni kobuthi benqwaba yezinambuzane nezilwane ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela omubi ungaba khona eduze kokudla, lapho, ngokwesibonelo, inyoni ihlupheka edle intethe enobuthi.
Esinye isici esingangcolisi kangako ukulinywa kwamasimu. Ngenkathi yokulima umhlaba, inani elikhulu lothuli likhuphukela emoyeni, lihlala emaqabungeni ezihlahla notshani. Ngokungaqondile, lokhu kuthinta kabi amathuba okuvotelwa kwezimbali, kepha lesi simo sibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zasehlobo ezomile.
