Amakhowe oju angenye yamakhowe amahle kakhulu. Uma imibandela yokuthola, ukukhomba kanye nokuqoqa igcinwa, shiya ihlathi nebhasikidi eligcwele kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala uju agarics
Yisikhunta esinezinambuzane esithinta izihlahla ezisengadini kanye nemigwaqo yonke yehlathi. Uma kungekho zihlahla eduzane, amakhowe akhula otshanini. Amanye amakhowe akhethe amahlathi, efuna amakhowe phakathi kwezihlahla eziphilayo, ezifile nezifayo.
Amakhowe asakazeke kulo lonke izwekazi iYurophu, kepha ayivelakancane eScandinavia. Lolu hlobo lutholakala nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba, kubandakanya iNyakatho Melika.
Amakhowe oju angababulali abathule
Isikhunta siyinkinga enkulu kulimo lwezitshalo, sibulala inqwaba yezihlahla ezingadini nasezihlahleni. Konke kuqala ngezinhlamvu ezithwalwa ngumoya. Uma kunesilonda esincane kumagxolo, i-spore iyamila futhi ithelele umuthi wonke. Ispore esihlumayo siveza i-mycelium emhlophe, ekhula njengenetha bese idla i-cambium ngaphansi kwegxolo, bese idlulela ezimpandeni nasengxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yesihlahla.
Imicu ye-spore esabalalisa amakhowe esihlahleni futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa kuya kwesinye, ixhumanisa i-mycelium esihlahleni esinegciwane nesihlahla esisha sokubamba esingamamitha ambalwa ukusuka lapho.
Izimpawu ze-fungus infestation
Ezitshalweni ezinegciwane, amahlamvu aphenduka abe phuzi, anciphise usayizi nobungako bawo. Iziqu zibonisa ukukhula okuhamba kancane kwe-radial nokwakheka kwe-callus phezu kwamanxeba. Ezinye izitshalo ezinegciwane ziwohloka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingana, kanti ezinye zifa kungazelelwe.
Izici ezihlukile zezinyosi ze-agarics
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-agarics yezinyosi zinokuhluka okuncane. Ngaphandle, ziyefana futhi ziyehluka kuphela kumbala wamakepisi - kusuka ophuzi nonsundu onsundu.
- Amakhowe anamasongo emilenzeni yawo, ngaphandle kwalapho ewuhlobo lwe- "shrink honey honey fungus".
- Kaningi futhi banezinwele ezincane ze-iridescent kuma-caps abo.
- Amakhowe oju athanda ukukhula ngamaqoqo, imizimba yamakhowe ithela izithelo eduze nengxenye yeqembu.
- Zikhula emhlabathini noma ngokuqondile ezihlahleni ezifile, ezifayo, noma ezinegciwane.
- Zihlala zinophawu olumhlophe lwespore.
Ukuvela kwamakhowe
Isigqoko
5 kuya ku-15 cm ngaphesheya, i-hemispheric to convex shape. Ngokukhula, iba yisicaba ngokucindezeleka okuncane. Izikali ezinsundu ezincane zisakazeke eceleni kwesambulela, esinyamalala ngokushesha. Ikepisi liyajiya maphakathi, kunqenqemeni kuphakanyiswa lapho amakhowe esemncane, khona-ke cishe acishe aqonde, asonteke kumakhowe omdala. Imivimbo ibonwa ngaphezulu. Ikepisi liphaphathekile noma limhlophe, ngokuguga iba uju-phuzi, nsundu ngokuphuzi, nsundu ngokubomvu futhi ibe nendawo emnyama maphakathi. Inyama imhlophe futhi inzima.
IHymenium
Ama-gill awaminyene kakhulu, ehla noma ekhuphuka eceleni kwe-pedicle, ekuqaleni amhlophe, bese eba nsundu, ekugcineni kwempilo enamabala anokugqwala.
Umlenze
5-12 x 1-2 cm, eyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi iyandiswa noma ibe mncane ezansi, i-sinuous, i-fibrous, iminyene, khona-ke ubukhulu buyancipha, ekugcineni, kube yigobongo. Mhlophe umbala wekhephu, ube nsundu ngesisekelo. Ihlotshiswe ngemicu enyamalala ngokushesha eringini lezimpaphe.
Ukukhala
Itholakala phezulu esiqwini futhi ibukeka njengendandatho ephindwe kabili eneziphetho eziphuzi ze-chrome. Ulwelwesi, oluqhubekayo, olunemigqa ngaphezulu, olunezinguzunga ezingxenyeni engezansi.
Umtfumbu
Ayiningi kakhulu, ilukhuni futhi inemicu esiqwini, emhlophe, ikhipha iphunga lamakhowe elimnandi, elinambitheka kancane.
Amakhowe oju adliwayo
Amakhowe asehlobo
Leli khowe elidliwayo elikhangayo livela unyaka wonke, imvamisa lihlangana ngamaqoqo amakhulu, eziqwini zezihlahla ezinamakhanda (ezinqunquthayo).
Lawa makhowe amancane anemibala ehlukahlukene abonakala ekhula enhlabathini yehlathi, kepha uma ususa ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamahlamvu awile namahlumela, uzothola ukuthi zizondla kanjani ngokhuni olugqitshiwe.
Amakhowe asehlobo asabalele kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu kusuka eScandinavia kuya eMedithera nasezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Asia, e-Australia naseNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
Kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 cm ububanzi, i-convex ekuqaleni, iba isicaba ngobudala ngesambulela esibanzi. Umbala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo kuma-specimens amancane, bese uba yi-ocher ephaphathekile maphakathi, uthola ukubukeka kwamathoni amabili. Inyama inombala onsundu futhi kunalokho mncane.
Kuyinto yezinhlobo ze-hygrophilous. Iyoma phakathi nendawo. Unqenqema lwangaphandle lumnyama, olwehlukanisa nolwe-gallerina olunobuthi olusemngceleni, okuthi, uma lomile, lubukeke kancane emaphethelweni, isikhungo sihlale simnyama.
Ama-Gill
Ama-gill amaningi ekuqaleni anombala ophaphathekile futhi aguqule umbala wesinamoni njengoba izinhlamvu zivuthwa.
Umlenze
Iphaphathekile futhi abushelelezi phezu kwendandatho edabukile. Ngaphansi, kunensipho ebomvu, enesikhumba futhi ephuzi ngombala ophuzi, kancane kancane iba mnyama phansi. 5 kuya ku-10 mm ububanzi no-3 kuya ku-8 cm ukuphakama, imvamisa igobile. Inyama yesiqu esiqinile inombala onsundu ngenhla, ngokushintshela kumbala onsundu onsundu.
Isitembu esiphikisanayo
Umbala onsundu ngokubomvu ngokugqamile. Iphunga / ukunambitheka akuhlukile.
Isikhathi sokuvuna
Unyaka wonke, kepha ngaphezulu ehlobo nasekwindla.
Amakhowe edlelo
Zikhula ngobuningi emadlelweni, emadlelweni futhi kwesinye isikhathi emaphethelweni ehlathi kulo lonke izwekazi i-Europe kanye neningi leNyakatho Melika. Amakhowe eMeadow ayoma ngokuphelele lapho kushisa lapho libalele, ngemuva kwemvula abuyisa ukuma kwawo nobala wawo, abukeke njengemizimba yezithelo entsha, akha amaseli amasha futhi akhiqize izinhlamvu ezintsha. Amakhowe eMeadow aqukethe ushukela omningi we-trehalose, ovimbela ukulimala kwamaseli okuyinhlekelele lapho imizimba yezithelo isoma, akhiqiza izinhlamvu ezintsha kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziyomiswa noma zithambisa imijikelezo.
Lesi sikhunta esivamile siyachuma otshanini nasemapaki, siphila ngisho nalapho abantu behamba khona njalo. Lezi zikhunta ezincane zivame ukudala imibuthano eseduze ephelele, kepha lapho indandatho iwela indlela izilwane noma abantu abavame ukuhamba ngayo, amazinga ahlukene ezakhamzimba kanye nobuningi bomhlabathi kuholela ekukhuleni okuhlukile kwe-mycelium engaphansi komhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, indandatho iyakhubazeka lapho iwela indlela yezinyawo.
Isigqoko
2 kuya ku-5 cm ukunqamula, i-convex ekuqaleni, isicaba ngesambulela esibanzi, i-orange-buffy noma i-brown ephuzi, inyathi noma umbala okhilimu okhanyayo, ubushelelezi, kwesinye isikhathi kube nemiphetho ebuthaka kakhulu.
Ama-Gill
Inamathiselwe esiqwini noma evulekile, ekuqaleni imhlophe, iba bukhrim ngobudala.
Umlenze
I-4 kuye ku-8 cm ubude no-2 kuye ku-6 mm ububanzi, iqine futhi iguquguqukayo, imhlophe, iba mnyama ngasesisekelweni esimhlophe nesiphansi, esiyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi isisekelo sivuvuke kancane, sibushelelezi futhi somile. Inyama yesiqu ifana nethoni yesikhumba somuntu omhlophe. Uphawu lwespore lubumbene. Iphunga amakhowe, kepha hhayi isici. Ukunambitheka kuthambile, kunamantongomane. Isikhathi sokuvuna sivela ngoJuni kuya kuNovemba.
Amakhowe asebusika
Amakhowe asebusika amahle anombala osawolintshi onsundu athela izithelo bonke ubusika ngeziqu ezibolayo nangokuma izinkuni ezifile. Iqoqo lezigqoko ezinhle ezisagolide nesawolintshi ezigcwele iqhwa ekuseni ecacile ebusika libonakala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJanuwari, uma ubusika bungebuhlungu kakhulu.
Ingxenye engenhla yesiqu semizimba yezithelo ezisencane iphaphathekile, ingxenye engezansi emnyama evundlile yesiqu ingcwatshwe kancane ngokhuni olubolile lapho kukhula khona amakhowe.
Ekumeni kwezihlahla ezifile, amaqoqo, njengomthetho, ahlukahlukene, amakhanda amakhowe asebusika alingana impela. Ngokhuni oluwile, amakhowe aqoqene ndawonye kangangokuba amakepisi acishe abe yisikwele.
Isikhunta sitholakala kuma-elms afile, ezihlahleni zomlotha, emabhungwini nase-oki, kwesinye isikhathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ezibanzi. Amakhowe asebusika akhula ezingxenyeni eziningi zezwekazi iYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika.
Isigqoko
2 kuya ku-10 cm ngaphesheya, imvamisa ihlanekezwa ngamakepisi aseduze kweqoqo, i-orenji ekhanyayo, imvamisa imnyama kancane ibheke maphakathi. I-Mucous esimweni sezulu esimanzi, eyomile, ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo ezimeni ezomile.
Ama-Gill
Emhlophe futhi ebanzi ekuqaleni, aba phuzi ngokukhanyayo njengoba umzimba wezithelo uvuthwa.
Umlenze
Iqinile futhi imbozwe nge-velvety enhle phansi. Imvamisa i-paler eduze kwekepisi, ibe nsundu esisekelweni. Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore kumhlophe.
Iphunga / ukunambitheka akuhlukile.
Amakhowe Amanga
Izinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe anobuthi futhi anoshevu ngaphandle ziyafana namakhowe. Zikhula zize zihlangane esihlahleni esisodwa, ngakho-ke ngokuxhamazela awukwazi ukubona futhi ugcwalise ubhasikidi ngesitshalo samakhowe anobuthi.
Amanga we-Foam sulphur aphuzi
Isigqoko
2-5 cm, i-convex, iba yi-convex ngokubanzi noma icishe ibe yicaba, impandla, yomile. Amakhowe amancane anombala ophuzi ngokunsundu noma owolintshi, eba ophuzi ngokugqamile, ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi ngokusagolide okunesikhungo esimnyama. Unqenqema lukhombisa izingcezu ezincane, ezincane ezincanyana zeveli.
Ama-Gill
Isondele, inamathiselwe noma yahlukaniswa nesiqu. Okuphuzi, kuba ngumnqumo noma kuphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ngenxa yothuli olunezinhlamvu, bathola umbala onsomi onsundu noma onsundu.
Isiqu
3-10 cm ubude, 4-10 mm ubukhulu; alinganayo noma amancane alinganayo noma amathebhu maqondana nesisekelo. Umbala ophuzi ophuzi nophuzi nsundu, amabala ansundu agqamile akhula kusuka phansi kuya phezulu. Iveyili eliphuzi elikhanyayo kumakhowe amancane ngokushesha liyanyamalala noma lishiye indawo enjengendandatho ebuthakathaka.
Inyama izacile, iphuzi. Iphunga alihlukile, ukunambitheka kuyababa. Ukuphrinta kwe-Spore onsomi ngoku nsundu.
I-seroplate egwebu yamanga
Isigqoko
2-6 cm, emise okwe-bell ukuze iveve, iba yindilinga enkulu, ibanzi, noma icishe iflat. Ngezinye izikhathi ngomphetho ogobile kumakhowe amancane. Izinsalela ezincanyana zesembozo zihlala emaphethelweni. I-Bald, yomile kusuka ku-brown ophuzi kuya ku-orange-brown kuya kusinamoni. Imvamisa kumnyama maphakathi futhi ibekeke maqondana nonqenqema, imvamisa yehlukana kakhulu lapho isivuthiwe.
Ama-Gill
Kunamathiselwe noma kunamathele esiqwini, kuqala kube mhlophe noma kuphuzi, kuphenduke mpunga futhi kugcine sekushunqa.
Umlenze
2-8 cm ubude, 4-10 mm ubukhulu. Iqinile, icishe ifane noma incane, noma ithinta kancane isisekelo lapho ikhula ngamaqoqo asondele. Bald noma silky kancane, ezinemibala efana cap noma paler.
Inyama: Mhlophe ngokuphuzi; kwesinye isikhathi iba phuzi kancane lapho isikiwe. Iphunga nokunambitheka akuhlukile. Uphawu lwespore lunombala onsundu ngokugqamile.
Inhlanya yamanga iyamanzi
Isigqoko
Ekuqaleni i-hemispherical, iba yinsimbi, esigabeni sokugcina icishe ibe yicaba, ububanzi obungu-2-4 cm. Izingcezu zendwangu emhlophe yeveli zinamathela onqenqemeni bese zilenga phezu kwayo, ziba zincane ngobudala bomzimba othelayo, ekugcineni zigcine zimnyama ezinhlamvwini. Ama-brittle caps aphuka uma amakhowe ehlukaniswe eduze.
Ekuqaleni, amakepisi anombala onsundu ngokubomvu, ngokuhamba kancane aphenduke ansundu noma ansundu. Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe ziyi-hygrophilic, shintsha umbala kuye ngokuthi imanzi noma yomile, iba nsundu ngokukhanyayo noma i-beige onqenqemeni lwesembozo esimweni sezulu esomile.
Ama-Gill
Imincane, izelwe, iyabukeka futhi isondele kakhulu. Ekuqaleni i-pinkish-beige, kancane kancane iba nsundu futhi ekugcineni icishe ibe mnyama.
Umlenze
I-4 iye ku-8 mm ububanzi ize ifike ku-8 cm ukuphakama, iqonde noma igobile kancane futhi ivame ukugcwala imicu kasilika.
Iveyili elincanyana elimboza izigaxa ezincane ngokushesha liyaphuka lapho ikepisi landa, kushiya izingcezu ezimhlophe zinamathele onqenqemeni lwesembozo, kungashiyi lutho cishe esiqwini. Matte, mealy surface eduze kwaphezulu futhi bushelelezi ngase-base.
Njengoba imizimba yezithelo ikhula, iziqu ziba mnyama ngenxa yezinhlamvu eziwayo, ikakhulukazi ezansi. Uphawu lwespore lumnyama nsundu, licishe libe mnyama. Iphunga alihlukile, ukunambitheka kuyababa.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-agarics amanga nasekwindla
Izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-honey agarics
Amakhowe amnandi futhi anamakha maningi futhi ayabiza. Abapheki bayabathanda okuqukethwe kwekhalori eliphansi nezakhamzimba ezibalulekile. Amakhowe aqukethe i-zinc nethusi, amavithamini B kanye ne-ascorbic acid.
Ukuphikisana, ngubani ongafanele adle amakhowe
Amakhowe oju alinywa ezimbonini emapulazini, ngakho-ke abukho ubungozi uma uthenga amakhowe ezitolo. Noma kunjalo, amakhowe oju ajabulisa ukuvuvukala esiswini, inyongo, isibindi kanye namanyikwe.
Izitsha zamakhowe zandisa ukusabela okweqile, ziphikisiwe ezinganeni nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
