Endaweni yesifunda saseLeningrad kunezindawo eziningi ezingamaxhaphozi ezithinta izinhlobo zezinqolobane zemithombo yemvelo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabavubukuli lukhombisile ukuthi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo esikhathini esedlule kude kwenza ukuthi kube khona inani elikhulu lamaminerali manje asathuthukiswa noma okulindeleke ukuthi kube nokumbiwa.
Isifunda seLeningrad yisifunda esinothile, kunamadiphozithi e-limestone, i-bauxite, i-shale, i-phosphorites, isihlabathi, ubumba, i-peat. Ukuhlolisisa imithombo yemvelo ngokujulile kwembula zonke izinqolobane ezintsha zemithombo yemvelo:
- igesi;
- itshe lokuqeda;
- ibitume;
- magnetite imikhando.
Ukuvela okungajulile kwama-bauxites kwenze kwaba lula ukuwakhipha ngendlela evulekile. Imayini evulekile yomgodi wezinto zokusetshenziswa ibonakala ezindlekweni zazo. Ngokungafani ne-bauxite, i-oyela shale ne-phosphorites zidinga ukumbiwa.
Izinhlobo zamaminerali esifundeni
Esifundeni iLeningrad kukhona izinqolobane ezinkulu zegranite, ubumba olukhanyayo nolwezitini, i-limestone, isihlabathi sokubumba. Lezi zinsiza zifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinkampani zokwakha. IGranite imbiwe ku-Karelian Isthmus, ithole uhlelo lokusebenza ekuqedeni imisebenzi ekwakhiweni. Kuthuthukiswa ilitshe le-limestone eduze kwedolobha lasePikalevo.
Amaxhaphozi anikeza ithuba lokukhishwa kwe-peat ezimbonini, okusetshenziswa kwezolimo nasezikhungweni zezimboni. Ama-peat deposits amakhulu kunawo wonke aseningizimu nasempumalanga yesifunda. Ukuba khona kwamahlathi kwenza iSifunda saseLeningrad sibe ngumhlinzeki omkhulu wezingodo. ENyakatho Ntshonalanga yeRussia, lesi sifunda sithatha enye yezindawo ezihamba phambili ekugawuleni imithi.
Kunezinkambu ezingama-80 esifundeni ezisentuthuko esebenzayo. Umbuso unamadiphozithi ayi-173 kubhalansi lawo, okuthathwa kuwo ama-46% kuphela.
Kunemithombo emikhulu yamanzi amaminerali atholakalayo:
- Intengo ye-sodium chloride Sestroretsk;
- amanzi e-sulfuric eSablino;
- IPolyustrovskie carbonate eSt.
- Iziphethu zamaminerali ezishisayo eduzane naseLuga (idiphozi yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba).
Kumkhakha wengilazi, ukukhishwa kwesihlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu, okusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa nokwenza imikhiqizo yengilazi. Le nsimu yaqhutshwa kusukela ngo-1860 kuya ku-1930. Isikristalu esidumile sombuso senziwa ngalesi sihlabathi. Ukukhishwa kobumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwaseCambrian enyakatho yesifunda. Idiphozi eyodwa isiphelile, kanti eyesibili ithuthukiswa ngenkuthalo ngokumbiwa kwemigodi evulekile.
Lapho kwenziwa amaminerali, lezi zinhlobo zokuhlola ezilandelayo ziyasetshenziswa: i-geotechnical; ubunjiniyela kanye ne-geodetic; ubunjiniyela ne-hydrometeorological; ubunjiniyela bezemvelo.
Imali engathuthukisiwe
Kunamadiphozithi ensimbi yegolide esifundeni, kepha mancane ngesibalo futhi awakaveliswa. Lokhu kudonsela umfudlana omkhulu wabazingeli bomcebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamadiphozithi edayimane, kepha intuthuko yawo isekuphrojekthi kuphela.
Isifunda sinenqwaba yamadiphozithi engathuthukiswa, okuyilezi:
- upende wamaminerali;
- i-manganese;
- itshe lensimbi kazibuthe;
- uwoyela.
Intuthuko yabo yenzelwe ikusasa eliseduze, futhi lokhu kuzonikeza ithuba lokwandisa inani lemisebenzi futhi kwandise isabelomali sesifunda.
