IBaltic Sea iyindawo enamanzi angaphakathi nezwe i-Eurasia etholakala enyakatho yeYurophu futhi ingeye-Atlantic Basin. Ukushintshaniswa kwamanzi noLwandle Lomhlaba kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izingqinamba zeKattegat neSkagerrak. Imifula engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili igelezela olwandle. Yibo abaphatha amanzi angcolile agelezela endaweni yamanzi. Ukungcola kulimaze kakhulu amandla okuzihlanza olwandle.
Yiziphi izinto ezingcolisa uLwandle iBaltic?
Kunamaqembu amaningana ezinto ezinobungozi ezilimaza iBaltic. Okokuqala, lawa yi-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, okuyizibi ezivela kwezolimo, izimboni zezimboni futhi eziqukethwe emanzini angcolile omasipala. Lezi zinto zicutshungulwa emanzini ngokwengxenye kuphela, zikhipha i-hydrogen sulfide, okuholela ekufeni kwezilwane zasolwandle nezitshalo.
Iqembu lesibili lezinto ezinobungozi liyinsimbi esindayo. Ingxenye yalezi zinto iwa kanye nemvula esemkhathini, futhi ingxenye yayo - ngamanzi angcolile kamasipala nawezimboni. Lezi zinto zibangela ukugula nokufa ezimpilweni eziningi zasolwandle.
Iqembu lesithathu lezinto ezingcolisayo alihlukile olwandle nasezilwandle eziningi - ukuchitheka kukawoyela. Ifilimu evela kumafomu kawoyela ebusweni bamanzi, ayivumeli ukuthi umoya-mpilo udlule. Lokhu kubulala zonke izitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane ngaphakathi kwendawo ebushelelezi kawoyela.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokungcola koLwandle iBaltic:
- ukuthululela ngqo olwandle;
- amapayipi;
- imifula amanzi angcolile;
- izingozi eziteshini zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi;
- ukusebenza kwemikhumbi;
- umoya.
Yikuphi okunye ukungcola okwenzekayo oLwandle iBaltic?
Ngaphezu kokungcola kwezimboni nezomasipala, kunezinto ezimbi kakhulu zokungcola eBaltic. Okokuqala, kungamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, cishe amathani amathathu ezikhali zamakhemikhali aphonswa emanzini ale ndawo enamanzi. Iqukethe hhayi nje izinto eziyingozi, kodwa ezinobuthi obedlulele obuyingozi empilweni yasolwandle.
Enye inkinga ukungcoliswa ngemisebe. Ama-radionuclides amaningi angena olwandle, alahlwa emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kwengozi yaseChernobyl, izinto zamanzi ezinemisebe eziningi zangena endaweni yamanzi, eyalimaza nemvelo.
Zonke lezi zinto ezingcolisayo ziholele eqinisweni lokuthi cishe awukho umoya-mpilo engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu zamanzi olwandle, okuye kwaveza izinto ezinjengezi "zones zokufa" ezinenqwaba yezinto ezinobuthi. Futhi ezimweni ezinjalo akukho neyodwa i-microorganism engaba khona.
