Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini, kukhona labo abangakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele noma umbala ogqamile, kepha bahlala befunwa njalo phakathi kwama-aquarists.
Yini ukugxila kokuthandwa kwabo? Kuvela ukuthi kunezinhlanzi zabahlengikazi ezigcina i-aquarium ihlanzekile ngokudla ulwelwe oluyindilinga ezindongeni zalo, emadwaleni nasezitshalweni zasemanzini. I-Catfish ototsinklus - isibonelo esicacile salowo mgcini we-aquarium.
Izici nemvelo ye-ototsinklus
Somik ototsinklyus - inhlanzi encane yasemanzini angenasawoti enobude obungu-5.5 cm. IHabitat - Ephakathi naseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi i-Argentina, iPeru, iColombia, iBrazil, ibheseni i-Orinoco kanye ne-Amazon engenhla. I-Ototsinklus ithanda imifula enokuhamba kancane, lapho ihlala ezikoleni ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi eziba ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu.
Umzimba we-ototsinklus unesici sokuma kokuphotha kwezinhlanzi eziningi ze-chain-mail catfish, emndenini wazo. Babizwa nangokuthi i-loricaria catfish, ngesikhathi sempi yamaRoma oMbuso wezempi yayibizwa nge- "lorica". Ngempela, i-catfish yalo mndeni imbozwe amapuleti amathambo adlala indima yokuvikela.
Esithombeni catfish ototsinklyus zebra
I-ototsinklus iyathinteka - izinhlangothi zayo zivikela ngokwethembeka imigqa yamapuleti aphuzi-mphuzi, emuva emnyama nayo imbozwe ngegobolondo lamathambo, okuwukuphela kwendawo esengozini emzimbeni isisu sayo esimpunga esinobisi, amaphiko amancane, acishe abonakale ngokuphelele. Umugqa omnyama ubonakala ngokusobala ohlangothini kuwo wonke umzimba, uphenduka indawo ezansi komsila. Ukuma nosayizi wendawo kungahluka ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo.
Isici esithandekayo salezi zinhlanzi ukuphefumula kwamathumbu. Ngale njongo, kukhona i-bubble yomoya emzimbeni we-ototsinklus, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, ifake i-esophagus, isize izinhlanzi ukuthi zikhuphuke ngokushesha phezulu ukuze ziphefumule umoya. Uma i-catfish iqhuma kaningi, sekuyisikhathi sokukhala i-alamu, ngoba ngale ndlela iphefumula kuphela lapho kungekho ukuphefumula okwanele kwe-gill futhi namanzi engenawo umoya owanele.
I-Ototsinklyus iyinhlanzi engaphezu kwesizotha. Ngenkathi evukile, umatasa udla ulwelwe oluncane, engaboni ezinye izakhamuzi ze-aquarium, uma bengaziphathi kabi. Lezi zisebenzi ezingakhathali zihlala ezihlahleni zezitshalo, ematsheni noma ezindongeni ze-aquarium, zisusa iziqu eziningi ngomlomo wazo omunce. Amazinyo ama-ototsinkluses mancane kakhulu kangangokuba awakwazi ukulimaza iziqu namaqabunga, ngakho-ke ziphephile ezitshalweni eziphilayo.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Otsinklus nokuhambisana
Ukugcina i-ototsinklus catfish ku-aquarium akuyona inkinga uma ulandela imithetho embalwa elula:
1. Umthamo we-aquarium kufanele okungenani ube ngamalitha angama-60, ngobuningi bezimila, iziqubu namatshe. Idamu eliphansi elinendawo ebanzi lingalunga, ngoba endle, i-catfish ithanda amanzi angajulile futhi ayibhukudi ijule ngaphezu kuka-0.5 m.
2. Umbuso wamazinga okushisa wokuba khona okunethezekile kwale catfish kufanele uzinze, ngaphandle koshintsho oluzumayo. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lokugcina kwabo ngempumelelo liyi-22-27 ° С. Iningi le-chain catfish alikwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-30 ° C. I-aeration nayo kufanele ibe khona.
3. Ngokwemvelo, izinhlanzi ze-ototsinklyus zihlala emihlambini eminingi, abantu abaningana kufanele futhi bafakwe ku-aquarium ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba usayizi wabo ubavumela ukuthi babe ne-6-8 soms noma ngevolumu encane.
4. I-chain catfish iyazwela emanzini angcolile. E-aquarium lapho kuhlala khona ama-ototsinkluses, kudingeka ukuthi kushintshwe amanzi masonto onke okungenani ngekota yevolumu ephelele.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lolu hlobo lunokuthula okukhulu; ngakho-ke, i-ototsinklus iseduze nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane. Akufanele ubagcine behlangene nezakhamizi ezinkulu ze-aquarium, ngokwesibonelo nama-cichlids, ngoba abokugcina bangabathandi bokuhlasela izinto ezincane.
Kodwa-ke, uhlamvu lwemali lunokuphazamiseka: ama-aquarists amaningi aqaphela ukuthambekela kwama-ototsinkluses okunamathela kudiski nakuma-scalars ukuze adle amafinyila awo amakhulu. Vele, izibazi azeneme ngalokhu, ngakho-ke indawo yangakubo iphikiswa ngokweqile.
Izinhlobo
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, uhlobo lwe-Otocinclus lunezinhlobo ezi-18 ezahlukahlukene. Bonke abamele lolu hlobo banombala ofanayo kanye nomugqa we-lateral, ongaqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo, ungapheli, ube mncane, ubanzi, kepha kunoma yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa kahle. Indawo emnyama emsila nayo ikhona kuwo wonke ama-ototsinklus, izinhlaka zayo zingase zibe yindilinga, zimiswe njengo-W, noma zifane nonxantathu.
I-Otozinklus affinis, noma i-ototsinklus ejwayelekile etholakala kuma-aquariums kaningi kunezinye. I-catfish ingu-3-4 cm kuphela ubude, umbala ogqamile u-siliva ophuzi, izinhlangothi zimakwe ngomugqa onsundu onsundu, ngemuva kuyi-grey-beige enezikhonkwane ezinsundu namabala amhlophe emabula. Amaphiko asobala anombala oluhlaza kancane.
USomik ototsinklyus affinis
Otozinklus arnoldi - odabuka eMfuleni iLa Plata (eBrazil). Lezi zinhlobo zibukeka kakhulu njenge-ototsinklus ejwayelekile, kepha i-arnoldi inezindawo ezinsundu kakhulu ezinsundu ngemuva. Kwezinye photo, lesika lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zingadideka.
Imibala emincane ye-Otozinklus yeza kithi ivela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil, lapho itholakala khona cishe kuyo yonke imifula. Umzimba walolu hlobo upendwe ngamathoni omnqumo ompunga, kunezibonelo ezinombala ompunga ophuzi. Amachashazi amancane amaningi kuwo wonke ubude bezinhlanzi achaza igama lawo. Kukhona futhi umugqa ohlangothini - ku-ototsinklus onamachashazi, uphakathi nendawo.
USomik ototsinklyus unamabala
Thenga i-ototsinklyus kungenzeka emakethe nakunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane. Ngenxa yezinzuzo abazilethayo, ukufunwa kwalezi zinhlanzi ezingabonakali kuyakhula unyaka nonyaka. Intengo ka-Otozinklus cishe ama-ruble angama-200-300.
Ukudla
Isebenza ngokungaphezi ngomlomo wayo, i-ototsinklus iqoqa ama-microalgae ne-zooplankton ebusweni. E-aquarium esanda kuhlanzwa, angabulawa yindlala ngoba ukudla kwakhe kwemvelo akwenele kuyo. Umuntu odla ulwelwe olambile uzodinga ukondliwa ngokudla okukhethekile kwezitshalo. Ngeke anqabe i-zucchini, eshisiwe ngamanzi abilayo, isipinashi, ukhukhamba. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukudla okunothe ngamaprotheni kufanele kungezwe ekudleni.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Akunzima ukucacisa ubulili be-ototsinklus - abesifazane bavame ukuba bade futhi babe mkhulu. E-aquarium, lezi zinhlanzi zikhiqiza ngempumelelo enkulu, ngoba azikho izimo ezikhethekile zokuzalela kwazo ezidingekayo. Isikhuthazo esihle sokuqala ukuzala ukushintsha amanzi abe ngamanzi amasha.
Isikhathi sokuqomisana sibonakala ngemidlalo eyehlukile yokukhwelana nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa. Ukuze kuzalwe ngempumelelo, kungcono ukutshala umhlambi wonke wama-ototsinkluses ndawonye, khona-ke wona ngokwawo azohlukana ngababili.
Lapho kukhethwa kwenziwa, insikazi icindezela ikhanda layo esiswini sowesilisa, kwakheke igama elithi "T", lokhu kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kobisi. Amaqanda avundisiwe anamathiselwe endaweni eyimfihlo ehlanzwe ngaphambilini lapho azovuthwa khona izinsuku ezi-2-7. I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda amancane angama-100-150.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuvuthwa, iqanda elenziwe ngokuphelele, okufanele ligcinwe esitsheni esiphansi (ngaphansi kwama-20 cm), bese londliwa nge-microworm, isikhuphasha seqanda, i-spirulina. Amafry aqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, ngokugcinwa ngokufanele ekuthunjweni, i-ototsinklyus catfish iphila iminyaka emi-5-6.
