Izingulube yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinezinselo (i-artiodactyl oda) lohlobo lweSus emndenini weSuidae. Bangabokudabuka e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. Izingulube emvelweni zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinamapulangwe, zidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni. Ingulube yasekhaya, uSus scrofa domesticus, ibingenye yezilwane zokuqala ukufuywa ngabantu futhi isesinye sezilwane ezifuywayo ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla.
Izinhlobo zezingulube
Ingulube yase-Afrika enamahlathi (Potamochoerus porcus)
Iyilungu elinemibala egqamile emndenini wezingulube, inengubo ebomvu futhi ivame ukugeza emifuleni nasemifudlaneni. Umbala nezici ezihlukile zezinhlobo zezilwane zihluke kakhulu. Ingulube enamaqhuqhuva evela eNtshonalanga Afrika ibomvu ikakhulu ngomugqa omhlophe ngemuva. Izingulube ezitholakala empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika zibomvu, nsundu, noma zimnyama futhi kwesinye isikhathi zimnyama ngokuguga.
Izingulube zasendle ziye zahlanganisa izifonyo ngezinsumpa ezimbili; futhi zivikela ikhanda ngesikhathi sezimpi zokubusa. Ingulube enamaqhuqhuva igijima ngokushesha emhlabathini, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ibuye ibhukude ngokushesha.
Ingulube yehlathi enkulu (iHylochoerus meiertzhageni)
Yizinhlobo zezingulube zasendle ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Izingulube zisinda ngama-50 kg ukwedlula izinsikazi. Abantu baseMpumalanga nabo bathambekele ekubeni bakhulu kunabaseNtshonalanga. Abesilisa bezingulube zehlathi lasentshonalanga abanesisindo esingeqile ku-150 kg, abesilisa abasempumalanga nabo bathola ama-225 kg. Abantu abadala bobubili ubulili bamnyama noma nsundu. Ijazi elide kodwa elincane limboza umzimba. Ezansi nomugqa ophakathi nendawo ongemuva, ama-bristles amade (afinyelela ku-17 cm) akha umhlwenga okhuphuka lapho ujabulile.
Isici sezifinyela zezingulube zehlathi: i-disc ekhaleni inkulu ngokukhethekile (kufika ku-16 cm ububanzi), nakwabesilisa, ukuvuvukala okukhulu kuvela ngaphansi kwamehlo. Bobabili abesilisa banamazinyo abukhali (abesifazane banamancane kakhulu). Kwabesilisa, ama-canine agobeke kancane abheke phezulu; ubude oburekhodiwe obukhulu bungu-35.9 cm.
Ingulube (Phacochoerus africanus / aethiopicus)
Uhlala emadlelweni, hhayi ehlathini, njengezinye izingulube. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezingulube: i-warthog ejwayelekile (igama lesayensi i-Phacochoerus africanus) ne-warthog yasogwadule (Phacochoerus aethiopicus).
Eyaziwa kakhulu kulezi, ingulube evamile, itholakala e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, kufaka phakathi uPhondo lwe-Afrika, kanti iDesert Warthog ivinjelwe oPhondweni lwe-Afrika. Kuze kube muva nje, izazi zezilwane azizange zihlukanise phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezingulube. Ngakho-ke, imingcele yokwabiwa kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili oPhondweni lwe-Afrika ihlala ingaqondakali kahle, kanye nesimo senala.
Babirussa (Babyrousa babyrussa) noma ingulube yexhama
Izimpilo kwezinye iziqhingi eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi zihlukaniswa ngama-canine aphezulu akhula phezulu emlonyeni futhi agobeke emuva, mhlawumbe avikele amehlo emagatsheni ezihlahla lapho ingulube idabula ehlathini. Isilwane sisebenzisa imibhoshongo engezansi ngokumelene namanye ama-babirus lapho silwa.
Emazweni aseMelika, lapho izingulube zingezona ezomdabu, i-peccary ehlobene (iTayassuidae) ithatha indawo efanayo yemvelo, efana nezingulube ezinokuma nokuziphatha.
Ingulube enentshebe (Sus barbatus)
Lezi yizingulube ezinkulu nezinemilenze emide, ezeduna zikhulu nje kancane kunezinsikazi. Umzimba onezinwele ezimbalwa uvame ukuba mpunga ngombala. Umthunzi wejazi ubomvu onsundu ngokubomvu, onsundu ngokumnyama, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nezimo zomuntu ngamunye. Umsila unesigaxa sesici semigqa emibili yezinwele ezinwele. Isifonyo sihlisiwe, ebhulohweni lamakhala nasezihlathini kukhona "intshebe" yezinwele ezimangelengele, ezijiyile. Intshebe ibonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa, izinwele ezifika ku-15 cm ubude. Umbala omhlophe wentshebe (kwesinye isikhathi uphuzi noma isiliva) ususwa ngoboya obumnyama phakathi kwentshebe, i-disc ekhaleni naseduze kwamehlo. Abesilisa baba nezimbili ezimbili zezinsumpa zobuso, kodwa zincane futhi zifihliwe ngaphakathi kwentshebe, azikho kwabesifazane. Bobabili abesilisa banama-canines abukhali; kwabesilisa, bafinyelela ku-25 cm ubude. Izindlebe zincane futhi zikhomba.
Ingulube yasendle (Sus scrofa)
Ijazi elinsundu liyakhasa futhi limnyama, liphenduka libe mpunga ngeminyaka. Umlomo, izihlathi nomphimbo zimbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe. Ingemuva liyindilinga, imilenze mide ngokwedlulele, ikakhulukazi kuma-subspecies asenyakatho. Izingulube zizalwa zinephethini yemigqa elula emzimbeni, enyamalala phakathi kwenyanga yesibili neyesithupha. Umbala wesilwane esidala sasendle wakhiwa unonyaka owodwa. Ikhanda ngaphandle kwensumpa lide futhi likhombe. Ama-canines angenhla akha amabamba ajika phezulu. Ama-canine angezansi afana ne-razor, ayazicija uma ehlikihlwa kuma-canines aphezulu. Umsila mude ngesigaxa.
Ingulube encane (uSus salvanius)
Lezi zinhlobo zigcwele eNdiya, ububanzi bayo bunqunyelwe eManas National Park enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Assam. Lezi izingulube ezincane ezingama-20-30cm ubude. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emadlelweni aminyene, aphakeme. Izingulube zidla izimpande, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izinambuzane, amagundane kanye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezincane. Zizala ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka ngaphambi kwezimvula, zizala izingulube zezingulube ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
Ingulube yasekhaya (iSus scrofa domesticus)
Phakathi kwezazi zezilwane, inegama lesayensi elithi Sus scrofa, yize abanye ababhali beyibiza ngo S. domesticus, beshiya uS. Scrofa ngezingulube zasendle. Izingulube (Sus scrofa) yizinyanya zasendle zengulube yasekhaya, ezazifuywe eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 000 eyedlule, mhlawumbe eChina noma eMiddle East. Izingulube ezifuywayo zisabalale kulo lonke elase-Asia, eYurophu, eMiddle East, eNyakatho Afrika naseziQhingini zasePacific kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Izingulube zaziswa eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika zisuka eYurophu nguHernando de Soto nabanye abahloli bamandulo baseSpain. Izingulube ezaphunyuka zaba undabuzekwayo futhi zasetshenziswa njengokudla ngabomdabu baseMelika.
Incazelo nokuziphatha
Ingulube ejwayelekile inekhanda elikhulu elinempumulo ende, eqiniswa ngethambo elikhethekile elibizwa nge-pre-nasal bone, kanye ne-disc cartilaginous on the tip. Impumulo isetshenziselwa ukumba inhlabathi lapho ifuna ukudla futhi iyisitho sezinzwa esibucayi kakhulu. Izingulube zinamazinyo angama-44 agcwele. Ama-canine, abizwa ngamazinyo, akhula njalo futhi abukhali njengoba imihlathi engezansi nangaphezulu ihlangana.
Ukudla kwengulube
Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo eziningi ezingenakudla, izingulube azinawo ama-ruminant anamagumbi amaningi futhi ngeke ziphile emaqabungeni nasotshanini bodwa. Izingulube zingama-omnivores, okusho ukuthi zidla izitshalo nezilwane ukuze zidliwe. Badla ukudla okuhlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:
- ama-acorn;
- imbewu;
- izimila eziluhlaza;
- izimpande;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa;
- amakhowe;
- izithelo;
- isidumbu;
- amaqanda;
- izinambuzane;
- izilwane ezincane.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, ingulube kamama idla amawundlu ayo.
Zihlala kuphi izingulube
Izingulube zingesinye sezinhlobo ezisabalele kakhulu neziphumelela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezincelisayo ezinkulu. Zitholakala ngokwemvelo ezindaweni eziningi zase-Eurasia, kusuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya emahlathini asenyakatho.
Izingulube yizilwane zomphakathi
Ngokwemvelo, izingulube zezinsikazi kanye namazinyane azo zihlala eqenjini lomndeni elibizwa ngokuthi umhlambi (abesilisa abadala bavame ukuba nesizungu.) Amalungu eSonar axhumana ngokuxhumana ngokubona, imisindo nephunga, ayabambisana ekutholeni ukudla futhi abheke izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi azivikele kuzo ...
Kungani izingulube zithanda ukungcola
Izingulube azinazo izindlala zomjuluko, ngakho-ke uma kushisa kupholisa umzimba ngamanzi noma ngodaka. Zisebenzisa nodaka njengesivikelo selanga esivikela isikhumba ekushisweni yilanga. Udaka luvikela izimpukane nezimuncagazi.
Izala kanjani izingulube
Izingulube zisheshe zifinyelele eminyakeni yokuzala, cishe unyaka ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi zikhiqize udoti lwamantshontsho, ikakhulukazi izingane ezi-4 kuye kwezi-8 emvelweni, unyaka nonyaka ngemuva kokuthomba. Izingulube ziyehluka kwezinye izilwane ezinezinselo ngoba umama wakhe i-rookery lapho ezala khona futhi anakekele isizukulwane esisha sezingulube.
Ukulimaza nezinzuzo zemvelo
Lezi zilwane zizuzisa imiphakathi yehlathi lapho zihlala khona:
- udle izilwane ezifile;
- lawula inani lezilokazane eziyizinambuzane zezihlahla;
- baphakamise inhlabathi ngamakhala nangama-canine, okukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo;
- imbewu, izinhlamvu zefungal, kufaka phakathi i-truffle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingulube zasendle (izingulube ezifuywayo endle) zisebenza njengezilokazane futhi zilimaza imvelo. Isibonelo, izingulube zilethwe e-Australia:
- ukubhubhisa indawo yezitshalo nezilwane zendawo;
- ukugqugquzela ukukhula kokhula;
- chitha amadlelo nezitshalo;
- konakalisa imvelo, bambe ikhala labo emhlabathini befuna ukudla.
Yini umuntu ayisebenzisela izingulube?
Izingulube zazifunisisa ama-truffle, izimvu eziklonyiwe, zasebenza njengomdlalo wabazingeli, zadlala emasekisini futhi zenza amafilimu. Ukufana kokwakheka kwabantu kusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha. Ama-valves enhliziyo yengulube afakwa enhliziyweni yomuntu, isibindi sengulube sasindisa izimpilo, satshalwa sangena ezicutshini zesibindi zabantu abanesibindi esibi, inqubo ebizwa nge- "perfusion."
Izingulube azikona kuphela ukudla kwabantu, kodwa futhi nezilwane ezifuywayo
Izingulube zaziwa njengezilwane ezihlakaniphile, futhi izazi zezilwane zithole ukuthi ziyaqeqeshwa kakhulu kunezinja noma amakati. Izingulube zase-Vietnamese zase-Vietnam, uhlobo oluthile lwezingulube ezifuywayo, seziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile. Phambilini, izingulube ezifuywayo ezivamile bezigcinwa endlini. Abantu bayeka ukufaka izingulube ezindlini zabo ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nokuziphatha okulimazayo. Izingulube ezisencane zilethwa endlini efudumele ebusika uma isibaya sibanda kakhulu. Kodwa, njengomthetho, badluliselwa esibayeni lapho bekhula.
Izinhlobo zezingulube
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingulube ezinezici ezahlukahlukene ezizenza zilungele izindawo ezahlukahlukene nokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo owufunayo. Izingulube zikhonjiswa embukisweni wezolimo, lapho ijaji lizihlola khona njenge:
- ukufuya isitoko, kuqhathaniswa nezimpawu ezijwayelekile zohlobo ngalunye;
- noma ngokufaneleka kokuhlatshwa nokuthola inyama ye-premium.
Umthelela wezingulube emvelweni
Abantu abaningi bezingulube zasendle emazweni aseMelika, e-Australia, eNew Zealand, eHawaii nakwezinye izindawo lapho izingulube ezingezona izilwane eziyiqiniso ziye zazala khona:
- izingulube ezifuywayo ezibaleke mahhala noma ezivunyelwe ukondla emvelweni;
- izingulube zasendle, ezazethulwa njengezisulu zokuzingela.
Izingulube zasendle, njengezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezihanjisiwe, zingumshayeli omkhulu wokuqothulwa nokushintshwa kwemvelo. Baziswe ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba futhi balimaza izitshalo neziza zasendlini futhi basabalalisa izifo. Izingulube zilima izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, zibhubhisa izimila zendawo futhi zisakaze ukhula. It:
- kushintsha indawo yokuhlala;
- kuvusa ukulandelana kwezimila;
- kunciphisa izilwane ezitholakala kule ndawo.
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izingulube?
Isikhathi sokuphila sezingulube ezifuywayo yiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20, ende kuneminyaka engu-4 kuye kwengu-8 yengulube yasendle. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu emvelweni.
Izingulube zizivikela kanjani ezilwaneni eziyingozi
Izingulube yizilwane ezidlayo, kodwa futhi zizingelwa ezinye izinhlobo emvelweni. Ngisho nasekuthunjweni, ziheha izilwane ezidlayo futhi zihlangane nazo, ngisho nokuhlala eduze kwabantu.
Izingulube zithembele ngejubane, zibalekela izilwane ezizingelayo. Ngaphezu kwejubane, basebenzisa amazinyo, asebenza njengezikhali nesihlangu. Ngeshwa, ezingulubeni ezifuywayo, ama-canine ayasuswa ngoba abanikazi bawo babona sengathi awanangqondo.
Okunye okuvikela ingulube izikhumba ezijiyile, ezenza kube nzima ukuthi isilwane silume inyama. Ngaphandle kwekhono lomzimba, izingulube zibuye zincike ekuzweni nasephunga. Ekugcineni, ukuhlakanipha kwengulube kuyisikhali esikhulu. Ingulube ikleliswa endaweni yesine phakathi kwezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni, okusho ukuthi ingadlula kalula umhlaseli!
Izitha / Abazingeli Abazingela izingulube:
- abantu;
- ama-coyotes;
- izimpisi;
- amasofa;
- i-grizzly;
- izimpisi;
- izinja;
- ama-raccoon;
- i-lynx;
- izingonyama.
Ngaphezu kwezitha zomhlaba, izidalwa ezindizayo zizingela izingulube:
- izikhova;
- izinkozi.
Izidlakudla ezinezimpaphe zihambisa amachwane ezinganeni zazo, zilimaze ngisho nabantu abadala, izinzipho ezicijile noqhwaku lishiya amanxeba avulekile.
