I-aquarium fern isetshenziselwa ukudala izimo ezikahle zabahlali basemanzini - zizizwa zivikeleke kakhulu emanzini anezimila zasemanzini. Umkhumbi onezitshalo eziluhlaza ubukeka uheha kakhulu kunomkhumbi lapho kungekho luhlaza khona futhi zonke izakhamizi zibonakala ngokusobala. Abanikazi be-aquarium, abahlotshiswe kahle ngama-fern, ubulembu, izitshalo eziqhakazayo, bayakujabulela, ngoba izitshalo zasemanzini ezinhlanzi ziyimithombo eyengeziwe yomoya-mpilo.
Iningi lamaferns anamuhla lidlule ezigidini eziningi zeminyaka futhi alikaguquki, ukuvela kwawo kumile. Lezi zitshalo zasendulo zinamakhulu ezigaba nezinkulungwane zezinhlobo. Kepha kukhona futhi ama-ferns e-aquarium, akhuliswa ngabalimi. Ukukhethwa kwama-aquarium ferns anezithombe nezincazelo kuqukethe izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu nezithandwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zama-ferns amangalisayo
Lezi zitshalo azidingi izimo zangaphandle, ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, futhi nesikhathi sikufakazele lokhu. Okufanayo ngukuthi amaqabunga asanda kuqala ukukhula futhi ayindlela yamagatsha. Amafeni ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ayahluka ngombala, ukuma kwamaqabunga nesihlahla, i-rhizome.
Bolbitis (Bolbitis) womndeni wakwaShchitovnikov
I-Bolbitis fern enesiqu esikhula ngokuvundlile, ngenxa yokuthi amacembe amaqabunga emanzini athatha isikhundla esingajwayelekile sokuma, futhi izikali ze-waxy zegolide eziqwini nasezihlangeni zamaqabunga seziwumhlobiso wangempela wama-aquariums. Ubude, bukhula bufike ku-60 cm, isiqu singafinyelela ku-1 cm, bese ububanzi beqabunga - bube ngamasentimitha angama-20.Amacembe aqinile, apinekile, amnyama noma aluhlaza okotshani, akhanya kancane ekukhanyeni.
Ukwakhiwa kwamahlumela endodakazi emaqabungeni akuvamile; ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha, amaqabunga ahlukaniswe nesihlahla esikhulu. Izitshalo ezintsha zakhiwa kuzo.
Ukuze i-bolbitis ikhule futhi ikhule kahle, izimpande azidingi ukucwiliswa emhlabathini. Ukulungisa i-fern, ungasebenzisa intambo (ibhande lokunwebeka) ukunamathisela lesi sitshalo ku-driftwood noma etsheni. Endaweni entsha, i-bolbitis igxila kancane, kungcono ukuthi ungayithinti ngokungadingekile. Lapho ijwayelene, iqala ukukhula kahle futhi ikhule ibe yisihlahla esinamaqabunga angama-30. Lesi sitshalo esikhulu kangaka sesingahlukaniswa futhi kufanele ngabe sesivele sihlukanisiwe.
I-Azolla carolinian (Azolla caroliniana)
Le fern ibhekisele ezitshalweni ezingakhuli ekujuleni kwamanzi, kepha ngaphezulu. Ama-azoll amaningi antantayo eduze kwawo amboza ingxenye ethile yamanzi njengokhaphethi.
Esiqwini sesitshalo, sibopha ngokulandelana, kunamaqabunga entekenteke futhi aqhekekile. Lezo ezingaphezulu kwamanzi zithola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lezo ezicwiliswe emanzini ziphenduka zibe bomvana ngokuluhlaza. Ingxenye yamanzi angenhla yeqabunga inkulu kakhulu - yondla isiqu, ulwelwe olukhula eqabungeni lukhuthaza ukumuncwa komoya-mpilo ne-nitrogen. Ingxenye engezansi, engaphansi kwamanzi, ingxenye yeqabunga izacile, izinhlamvu zinamathele kuyo.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngenkathi efudumele, silale ebusika. Akuthobekile, kubekezelela kalula ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa ebangeni lama-20-28 ° C. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwemvelo lehla laya ku-16 ° C, iyeka ukukhula futhi ekugcineni iqale ukufa - iwela phansi, ibole. Ngentwasahlobo, izinhlamvu ezisebenzayo zizala izitshalo ezintsha.
Amafern awathandi amanzi angcolile e-aquarium, futhi udinga ukuwavuselela njalo amanzi ethangini. Lapho unakekela i-Azolla, kufanele ubheke izinga lobulukhuni (amanzi akufanele abe lukhuni) nokukhanya. I-Azolla idinga ukukhanya amahora ayi-12 ukuze ithuthuke.
Uma kunama-fern amaningi, okunye kukakhaphethi oluhlaza olintantayo kungasuswa.
Ungagcina i-azolla ebusika ngokubeka ingxenye yesitshalo endaweni epholile (kufika ku-12 ° C) ekwindla, kanye nobulembu obumanzi. Ngo-Ephreli, i-fern egciniwe kufanele ibuyiselwe ku-aquarium.
UMarsilea crenata
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezithandwayo zeMarsilia, enye yazo i-krenata. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe emhlabathini. Isiqu, esinamahlumela amaningi amancane, ashiya kukhule u-5mm kuye ku-3 cm ngosayizi, sikhula sibheke phezulu. Amagatsha asondelene, kusuka ku-0.5 cm kuya ku-2 cm.I-Marsilia krenata e-aquarium ibukeka ibonga ngokugqamile ngombala omuhle oluhlaza wamaqabunga.
Lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle sicwiliswe ngokuphelele emanzini.
Lolu hlobo lwe-marsilia aluhambisani nobulukhuni nobumuncu bamanzi, aluthandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha luthanda ukukhanya okuphakathi nokwehla.
UMarsilea hirsuta
Le fern aquarium izalwa e-Australia, kepha ezimweni zemvelo ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke. Ama-Aquarists ayisebenzisela ukwakha ingaphambili elihle lesitsha samanzi. Amaqabunga e-marsilia hirsut afana ne-clover; lapho etshalwe endaweni yasemanzini, ukuma kwe-quatrefoil, uma isitshalo singekho ntofontofo, kuyashintsha. Kungaba no-3.2 ngisho neqabunga elilodwa esiqwini.
I-rhizome yesitshalo isakazeka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, kanye nayo, amaqabunga e-fern asakazeka kukhaphethi oluhlaza. I-Marsilia hirsuta itshalwe enhlabathini eneziqhingi, ihlukanisa amaqembu amaqabunga ama-3 esiqwini bese iyajula emhlabathini ngezimbiwa. Izimpande zalesi sitshalo esisha zakheka ngokushesha, kanti umgogodla wobulembu ukhula ube namaqabunga amancane aphuzi, bese eba luhlaza okotshani kamnandi.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanyisa okuhle, inhlabathi enodaka, i-oxygen eyanele. Lapho kudalwa izimo ezikahle, i-marsilia hirsuta isakazeka kuyo yonke indawo engezansi kwe-aquarium.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungawasika amaqabunga emilenzeni emide kakhulu futhi ulinganise yonke indawo yamahlathi amafern ngesikele.
Lapho noma ukugunda izinwele kungasebenzi, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izitshalo ezincane. Bakhipha ukhaphethi weMarsilia, bakhethe amaqembu athembisa kakhulu kuwo futhi bawasebenzise njengezithombo.
I-Micrantemum "Monte Carlo" (Micranthemum sp. Monte Carlo)
Kungabonakala kungakholeki, kepha ama-aquarium ferns asatholakala namuhla. Kwatholakala isitshalo sefern esingaziwa emifuleni yase-Argentina ngo-2010. Yabhaliswa njengeMonte Carlo Micrantemum futhi yaqala ukuthola ukuthandwa phakathi kwama-aquarists. Kulokhu, inamaqabunga amakhulu ngokwanele, ahlukanisa i-micrantemum kuma-analogs asondele. Emhlabathini, ilungiswe kahle kangangokuba kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi iyaluma futhi ayintante phezulu.
Lapho utshala iMonte Carlo micrantemum, udinga ukusika izimpande ezinde, bese usakaza izithombo ebangeni elifushane ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ngokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-micrantemum, ama-aquarists azuza izingoma zokuqala. Ukushintshwa okubushelelezi kusuka kuma-ferns amancane kuya ezitshalweni ezinkulu ze-aquarium kunezela isikhalazo esikhethekile.
Izinhlobo zamaferns aseThai
Amaferns athanda izindawo ezifudumele nezinomswakama, futhi amaferns amaningi e-aquarium azalwa eThailand.
IsiThai esinamakhasi amancane (Microsorum pteropus "Narrow")
IMicrosorium ifana nesihlahla, esineziqu ezinde namaqabunga. Iziqu, ezimbozwe ngama-villi amancane, ziyizimpande zesitshalo esifana nefern. Iziqu azingeni ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, kepha ziyasabalala. Ngakho-ke, akunandaba ne-microzorium noma ngabe inhlabathi inamatshe noma cha.
Lapho uhlakulela i-microzorium, akudingekile ukunyathela izimpande emhlabathini. Isithombo sibekwa phansi bese sicindezelwa phansi ngetshe ukuze singaphakami phezulu.
IMicrozorium itshalwe ezindaweni ezinamanzi ezinkulu nezincane, eceleni komjikelezo naphakathi. Uma isitsha esinamanzi sikhulu - ngamaqembu.
Esigodini sasekhaya, i-fern enamaqabunga amancane ibukeka imangalisa. Ukugcina amaqabunga ngendlela yobuhle futhi alondoloze uhlaza lwawo olukhanyayo, isitshalo kufanele sinikezwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo aziwathandi amanzi anzima, iyagula futhi imbozwe ngamabala amnyama. Ukushisa okunethezekile kuye kungu-24 ° C, ngamanani aphansi isitshalo esivimbela ukukhula kwaso.
I-Thai Windelov (Microsorum Pteropus "Windelov")
Lolu hlobo lwe-aquarium fern luhlukaniswa ngamaqabunga egatsha phezulu, njengezinyamazane zezinyamazane. Ngenxa yegatsha, isihlahla sithola ubukhazikhazi nokubukeka kwangempela, okuthandwa ngabakwa-aquarists ngakho. Ukuphakama kwamaqabunga esitshalo esidala kufinyelela kuma-30 cm, ububanzi obungaphezudlwana kuka-5 cm.Amacembe aluhlaza, kusuka kumnqumo kuya kohlaza olujulile, umbala.
IVindelov inesistimu yezimpande ebuthakathaka, nayo isitshalo sinamathela ematsheni, izinkuni ezikhukhulekayo ngakho-ke silungisa isikhundla. Uma ifern Vindelov ikhuphukela phezulu, hhayi isikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sayo, isazoqhubeka ingaphansi kwamanzi.
Akufanele ukufaka i-Thai Vindelov rhizome enhlabathini, izobola lapho.
Ayidingi ukunakekelwa, ikhula kahle emanzini amnandi nalawo anama-brackish. Yakha kancane.
