Inyoni enhle ekhuluma ngokuluhlaza okotshani enhle "enekhola" elimnyama ngokunsomi. Nakhu ukuthi upholi okhishwe ngamaNdiya ungachazwa kumshwana okuwukuphela kwawo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi yipholi yomgexo kaKramer.
Emuva ngo-1769, usosayensi wase-Italy-wase-Austrian kanye nesazi semvelo uGiovanni Skololi wanikeza incazelo yale nyoni futhi wakhetha igama elithile lakhe ukukhumbula usosayensi waseJalimane no -ologist we-zoil uWilhelm Heinrich Kramer, owabulawa yisifo ngaphambi nje kwalokho.
Izwi elikhulu, ukuntula ukwesaba, ukuhlala eduze kwabantu kusivumela ukuba sibize lolu hlobo olunezimpaphe olunye lwezinhlobo eziphawuleka kakhulu zopholi, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwalo ngobubanzi nobukhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala kuvame ukudala izinkinga kumvelo wendawo nakubantu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokudweba. Isikhathi eside, lo pholi ujwayelekile kubantu, uvame ukukhethwa njengesilwane esifuywayo. Kungani iheha futhi ikhanga kangaka, ake sikutshele ngokulandelana.
Kopholi besilisa, umgexo ubonakala kakhulu kunabesifazane
Incazelo nezici
Inyoni epholiwe yomgexo imibala enhle nokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu. Umbala omkhulu wezimpaphe uluhlaza ogqamile, kwezinye izindawo uphenduka ube phuzi. Umsila omude ukhonjwe phansi, kanti phezulu unombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpaphe ezingemuva kwekhanda lenyoni "ziyimpuphu" ezinombala ofanayo.
Iminwe emide futhi egobile ihlelwe ngababili - owokuqala nowesine babheke phambili, owesibili nowesithathu babheke emuva. Esinye sezici ezigqamayo umlomo ogobile, oqinile wombala obomvu wegazi. Umphetho ozungeze amehlo azungezile upendwe ngomthunzi ofanayo. Ngendlela, amehlo ezimpaphe abukeka ngokucophelela nangokwanele, ngaphandle kwalokho, unamehlo amahle.
Abesilisa kuphela abanomgexo odumile, amantombazane anenhlansi yobucwebe kuphela ezintanyeni zabo - umbala omnyama wezimpaphe oyisigaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane banombala ophelele ophelele, nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuthe xaxa ngemuva. Osayizi balinganiselwa ngokwamapholi, angama-35-42 cm ubude, angama-25 cm ubude bomsila. Isisindo - 120-150 g.
Izwi likhulu futhi liphakeme, likhumbuza ukukhala, futhi alikwazi ukudidaniswa nanoma yimuphi omunye umsindo. Ushicilela i- "ke" ebukhali futhi ehlabayo ukuze ahehe abesifazane, angakhali kakhulu futhi akhale "kri-kri" endizeni, futhi asondele kubo ngama-decibel "kii-ak" ngezikhathi zokuphumula. Wenza imisindo cishe njalo futhi yonke indawo. Ngomsindo wale pholi othi kwesinye isikhathi udikibalise abantu ukuthi bangalithengeli ikheji lasekhaya.
Kodwa-ke, ithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo yayo ejabule futhi enempilo, ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni ihlangana kahle nabantu nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ze-aviary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubamba ngekhanda futhi akhiqize inani elithile lemisindo.
Ngemuva kokuxhumana isikhathi eside nomuntu umgexo upholi okhulumayonoma kungenjalo njengamanye ama-specimens, kepha kwanele ukubukeka kumnandi. Ngokweminye imibiko, uyakwazi ukubamba ngekhanda amagama angafika kuma-250. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa ukhumbuleka kakhulu kunowesifazane.
Noma yisiphi isilwane kufanele sibhekane naso, futhi upholi awunjalo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukukhuluma upholi womgexo ikwazi ukuphimisa amabinzana amafushane anengqondo. Isibonelo, “bayafona, ngiyahamba, ngiyaya”, “sawubona”, “ngifuna ukudla”, “unjani?”, “Ngiyakuthanda”.
Izinhlobo
Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo zopholi oboshwe, kuzohlukaniswa kuphela ama-subspecies ama-4, ahlukaniswe indawo yokuhlala. Ngaphandle, abahlukile kakhulu.
UmAfrika - Indawo yokuhlala: IGuinea, iSenegal, iningizimu yeMauritania, i-Uganda, iSudan eseningizimu, kanye neNile Valley eGibhithe, ugu olusenyakatho ye-Afrika, iSinayi Peninsula. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, yaqala ukuphindaphindeka kakhulu kwa-Israyeli, lapho kubhekwa khona ungenayo izinhlobo (ezisatshalaliswa imisebenzi yabantu nokusongela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo).
Abyssinian - ejwayelekile eSomalia nasenyakatho ne-Ethiopia.
Indiya - uhlala eningizimu yeNdiya, imihlambi eminingi ehlukene yalezi zinhlobo ezibhalisiwe ibhaliswe emhlabeni wonke. Ngosayizi omkhulu kune-Afrika.
Isizungu (noma enyakatho kunakho konke) - iBangladesh, iPakistan, iNyakatho yeNdiya, iNepal neBurma.
Akukaziwa kangako ukuthi ukusabalala kwezinyoni nokwethulwa esimweni sendawo samazwe ahlukene, lapho lolu hlobo lwalungelona olokudabuka khona, kwenzeka kanjani. Kodwa-ke, kungacatshangwa ukuthi bonke abantu abahlaselayo ngandlela thile banezimpande zase-Asia.
Manje sesingakhuluma ngeminye imibala yopholi womgexo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokukhethwa kokukhetha, bekwazeke ukuzala izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-200 zokuhluka kombala kwezinyoni ezingenhla. Ungabona izinyoni eziphuzi, ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimpunga, igolide, oluluhlaza nezingafani. Abanye babo abanawo ngisho umgexo.
Upholi womgexo esithombeni kubukeka kumangalisa kakhulu emkhankasweni onjalo onemibala ehlukahlukene. Zihleli eduze, lezi zinyoni ezikhanyayo, njengothingo lwentwasahlobo, ziyakwazi ukuthokozisa ngisho nowokungabaza okuncane kakhulu.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izindawo adabuka kuzo ziseNingizimu Asia nasenkabeni ye-Afrika. Akunzima kulezi zinyoni ukujwayela izimo ezintsha zokuphila. Manje upholi onemisuka ungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinyoni zopholi, esezigxilile emazweni angaphezu kwama-35.
Izipholi zomgexo zizalela ezihlahleni
Izimo zokunethezeka kunazo zonke kubo zingabizwa ngokuthi amahlathi ashisayo nezindawo eziphansi ezinomswakama. Kodwa-ke, esifundeni seHimalaya, zingabonakala phezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kolwandle, kuze kufike ku-1.6 km. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi behamba ezihlahleni noma behlala emagatsheni. Bahlela izidleke lapho, bakhulise inzalo, bathole ukudla nendawo yokuhlala ebusuku, cishe bangacwila phansi.
Endaweni eyisicaba, bahamba ngokungahambi kahle futhi kancane, behamba. Ziphazanyiswa umsila omude nokubekwa kweminwe. Isihambi ngokuqinisekile sizowabona upholi womgexo useduze. Ngokushesha baheha ukunakwa ngokukhala okunokhahlo okugubuzela kalula yonke eminye imisindo yehlathi lemvula.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi lezi zopholi zihlala zihlala emihlambini eminingana, le din ingakhala kakhulu. Kuze kuphume ilanga, izinyoni zisazolile, kepha ngemisebe yokuqala yasekuseni zigijimela esidlweni sasekuseni ngokukhala, bese uyabona ukuthi zindiza ngokushesha kangakanani phezu kwehlathi.
Usuku lwabo luhlelwe kahle futhi luhlelwe kahle. Ingxenye yokuqala babela kuze kube semini yokudla, bese beya endaweni yokuchelela, ngemuva kwalokho baphumule. Opholi bahlala phezulu esihlahleni ukuze bachithe bodwa siesta - amahora ambalwa ashisayo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuwabona lapho, ngoba cishe ahlangana namaqabunga entekenteke aluhlaza emqhele.
Ngemuva kokuphumula, izinyoni ziphinda ukudla kwasekuseni - okokuqala zindizela ukudla, bese ziya emgodini wokunisela. Kusihlwa babuyela ezihlahleni zabo zomdabu futhi, ngemuva kokuxabana ngendawo elula kunazo zonke, yehlisa umoya uzume ubuthongo. Opholi bakaCramer yizinyoni ezigcwala, futhi inani labo emhlambini owodwa lingafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana.
Imvamisa bahlela izidleke zabo eduze kwamapulazi noma amadolobhana, kanye nasedolobheni. Abalimi bendawo abazithandi lezi zinyoni ngenxa yesimo sazo sokudla; izinyoni zibhidliza ngonya nangokuzinikela izingadi namasimu okusanhlamvu azungezile. Izipholi zomgexo zitholakala eYurophu naseMelika. Zake zalethwa nabantu, izinyoni zanda ngokushesha zanda ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Imenyu yabo ikakhulu iqukethe imbewu nezithelo ezinamanzi, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi bangadla ukudla kwezilwane ukugcwalisa amaprotheni. Okungenani ziyabonakala kaningi eduze kwenduli. Bafuna okuthile lapho bese bebaxebula ngezidladla zabo. Befuna ukudla, njengoba sekushiwo, bamatasa ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izithelo, amajikijolo, amantongomane kungukudla kwendabuko kwalezi zinyoni. Idethi, i-guayava nekhiwane kuyimenyu abayithandayo. Kwesinye isikhathi phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo bahlangana nezinkawu, kepha kunzima ukuzibiza njengabancintisana nabo. Opholi basusa izithelo zilenga emaphethelweni amancane amagatsha, kanti inkawu ayikwazi ukuphuma lapho.
Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuzitika ngompe wezimbali. Ziyaklebhula futhi zilahle amacembe ukuze zingene enhliziyweni emnandi. Behluthula ukudla, banamathela ngokuqinile egatsheni ngeminwe yabo exhunyiwe. Ngezikhathi zesomiso kanye nokushoda kokudla, izinyoni zikhombisa umnotho ohlakaniphile ekudleni.
Okokuqala, bahudulela isithelo eduze komlomo ngezidladla, badle uginindela omnandi kakhulu, bese bekhipha ngokucophelela imbewu enhle. Uma kunokudla okuningi, baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Basikhotha isithelo ngokunganaki, bathathe kukho konke okumnandi kakhulu, ngokombono wabo, futhi isithelo uqobo saphonswa emhlabathini.
Ekuthunjweni, badla ngemixube yokusanhlamvu, izithelo, imifino. Banikezwa ngisho nenyama encane ebilisiwe ukugcwalisa amaprotheni abo. Kwesinye isikhathi baziphatha njengabaphangi bangempela. Befuna ukudla, bavula amasaka okusanhlamvu noma elayisi ezitimeleni ezivulekile zikaloliwe. Umlomo ocijile udabula kalula igobolondo lanoma yiliphi iphakethe, ngakho-ke ezinye izimpahla, ngokwesibonelo, amantongomane, izithelo namajikijolo emabhokisini, ziyahlupheka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Eminyakeni emibili, bangabhekwa njengokuvuthwa ngokocansi. Baqala ukufuna umlingani ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bazifunele umlingani isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokuzala. Lezi zopholi zinikelwe komunye nomunye impilo yazo yonke, zinomndeni oqinile futhi onobungane. Ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuNovemba, eningizimu ye-Asia kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, lo mbhangqwana uyahlukana nomhlambi futhi uchithe isikhathi ndawonye
Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuzalisa izidleke ihlala ngokuhlukile emhlambini. Cishe sonke isikhathi baseduze nasekhaya labo, abalihlela emgodini wesihlahla, noma ezindaweni zokuhlala ezinhlobonhlobo nokudangala, ngisho nasezakhiweni. Eyeduna iqala ukuhamba ngamandla phambi komngani wayo emagatsheni, ikhale futhi izame ukuvela kulowo okhethiwe kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo.
Ngemuva kokucabanga okuthile, insikazi ithatha ukuma okunganyakazi bese ilenga phansi amaphiko ayo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuzimisela ukushada. Zivamise ukubekela amaqanda ama-3-4 amhlophe, kodwana ngemva kokufukamela, mibili kuphela amatshwele angachamusela. Hlanganisa izinsuku ezingama-22-24. Bondla izingane ndawonye, ubaba nomama, cishe izinsuku ezingama-40-50. Amachwane azimela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela, lapho izimpaphe zezinyoni ezindala zikhula kuzo.
Kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani emvelweni, kepha ngokusho kocwaningo - cishe iminyaka eyi-10. Ekhejini, zingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengama-25 noma ngaphezulu. Ekuthunjweni, izala kahle, futhi kaningi kunezinye zopholi. Kuphela kuphela amacala okuchanyuselwa kwamachwane abonwa ezindizeni, hhayi ehokweni.
Ukunakekela upholi womgexo akunzima kakhulu. Ukugcinwa okujwayelekile, njengezinye izinyoni ezincane. Ikheji elihlanzekile akufanele libe sohlaka, kuyadingeka ukushintsha amanzi ophuzayo kaningi, kubalulekile ukuthi abheke ukudla kwakhe okujwayelekile. Thambisa inyoni kwesinye isikhathi, ayivumele indize izungeze indlu.
Ilengisa kuphela inetha lomiyane emafasiteleni ukuze isilwane sakho singakushiyi ngefasitela. Ihhoko kumele lifakelwe isihlahla esincane nezindawo zokulala, izinduku kufanele zibe yinsimbi kuphela. Ezinye angazidla kalula. Futhi mnike amathoyizi wokuzijabulisa - izinsimbi, izibuko, noma ama-rattles.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngokwemvelo, izitha zayo ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama, njengezikhova, amagwababa, ujayi nezinyoka ziyingozi ekubambeni. Ezinye izilwane ezipholile ezingakhuphuka ezihlahleni, njengezingwejeje, ama-ferrets nama-weasel, nazo ziyingozi kuzo.
Imvamisa, akusiyo inyoni endala ehlaselwayo, engahlala indize ibaleke noma ilwe nayo, okuyizidleke ezinamaqanda noma amatshwele. Futhi, isitha ngumuntu obamba lezi zinyoni ukuze zithengiswe. Kepha ngokuvamile, azikho izinsongo ezinkulu kubantu ezaphawulwa noma kuphi.
Ezindaweni lapho kunomonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, abantu balawula ukwanda kwamanani. Ziqhutshwa ngemisindo emikhulu, isibhamu, namaqanda kuyasuswa ezidlekeni. Njengezinyoni eziphikisana nazo, umuntu angaqamba amabele, amajuba, izinkanyezi, amantongomane. Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izingxabano ezinazo zenzeka ngenxa yendawo yesidleke.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Izinsikazi zopholi bomgexo zoma kakhulu futhi zithanda impi kunabesilisa. Uma bexabana bodwa, kungahle kugcine ngokushona komunye wabahlanganyeli.
- Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni zingabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukuzivumelanisa kwazo nezimo ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphila kungazivumela ukuba zijwayele ezindaweni ezipholile. Isibonelo, inani lamaNgisi liyaziwa, okuyizinombolo ezingaba yinkulungwane yezinyoni.
- Banamathele kakhulu endaweni lapho bazalelwa khona. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni zindiza kahle, zikhombisa ukubekezela lapho zindiza, kepha zihlala zihlala eduze nemizi yazo.
- NgeNkathi Ephakathi, abantu baseNdiya abahloniphekile babekubheka njengokuhlonishwayo ukuba nenyoni enjalo ekhaya. Kwakuwukubonakaliswa kokunethezeka nengcebo. Imvamisa baboniswa emincane yekhulu le-16-17, elibizwa ngokuthi UMughal.
