Ngo-2004 kwenziwa ucwaningo lofuzo, olwembula izinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezinja. Lesi sigaba sifaka phakathi izilwane ezinohlobo lwe-genotype olusondele kakhulu kwimpisi. Kwavela ukuthi esinye sezigaba zakudala kakhulu kufanele sibhekwe njengezinja zokwalusa.
Babengabokuqala ngqa ukusiza umuntu lapho kudingeka avikele imfuyo ekuhlaselweni yizilwane zasendle. Babeqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuze bakwazi kokubili ukudlisa imfuyo futhi bayivikele uma kunengozi. Futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukuvikela ikhaya lomuntu.
Kwakufanele zihluke ezilwaneni zasendle ikakhulukazi ngombala. Omunye wabamele kakhulu leli qembu ngokungangabazeki ngu-English Shepherd, okhiqizwe e-USA futhi odume kakhulu lapho. Kuyisibonelo senja yokwalusa enemisebenzi eminingi eyayivame kakhulu eMpumalanga naseMidwest of America.
Abalimi babemazisa hhayi ngokubukeka kwakhe, kodwa ngezimfanelo zakhe ezihlukile zokusebenza. Iphuzu layo eliqinile ukuguquguquka. Isilwane sasizalelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza nepulazi lonke. Wayekwazi ukudlisa nokuvikela izinkomo nezingulube nezimvu nezinyoni.
Wabhekana kahle nokuvikelwa kwendlu nesakhiwo, amagundane ahlakazekile, waya ekuzingeleni nomnikazi futhi wayengumngane nje ozinikele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane zazingashiywa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwakhe. Uyini, lesi sisebenzi esithembekile nesingakhathali, esaziswa kakhulu ngobuchule baso namandla, lapho izimpande zaso zivela khona, sizozama ukukutshela.
Incazelo nezici
Ngaphandle, abelusi baseNgilandi bayefana nemikhawulo eyaziwayo yemingcele (iScotland Shepherds) kanye ne-Australia Shepherds. Kodwa-ke, banokungezwani nalezi zilwane, futhi kuyaphawuleka: uma kuqhathaniswa nokwokuqala, banokuma okuqonde kakhulu, nokukhula okuphezulu. Zihlukaniswe kokugcina ngesimo sekhanda esiyindilinga esincane nomsila oqondile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwemibala yabo awukho umbala we "merle", ofana "nama-Australia" kanye "namaScots". I-English Shepherd ibhekwa njengenja enesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, abesilisa lapho bebuna bafinyelela ku-48-58 cm, abesifazane abangama-46-56 cm.abafana banesisindo esingu-20-27 kg, amantombazane angu-18-23 kg. Ifomethi ifana nonxande, ngoba ubude bayo bude kunokuphakama. Kumiswe ngokulingana.
Uboya bunobude obuphakathi nendawo, izinwele ziza ngezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene: ziqonde, zi-wavy futhi zigobile. Kubhekwa njengokwamukelekayo lapho zimboza umzimba wonke, kufaka phakathi umsila, imilenze nezindlebe. Ijazi libushelelezi futhi lithambile uma lithintwa. Imibala ejwayelekile: i-sable and white (ebonakalayo ne-shaded), i-brindle, emnyama nomhlophe, emnyama ne-tan, i-tricolor (emhlophe, emnyama, ebomvu).
Vele, ingahlangana futhi umelusi wesingisi omhlophekepha lokhu kunalokho ukuphambuka emithethweni ebizwa nge-albinism. Awukho umbala onjalo ngokujwayelekile. Inhloko isongwe emise okweyisigaxa, ihlanganiswe kancane, izihlathi zingama-cheekbones. Amehlo aphakathi nendawo ngosayizi, kepha mahle futhi anake, asesimweni esiseduze ne-amygdala, umbala uvame ukuba nsundu.
Isakhiwo sezindlebe ezithambile neziguquguqukayo sifana nonxantathu, ukulingana kwazo kubanzi. Imisipha eqinile, eyenziwe kahle, ukuluma okulungile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amazinyo esilwane amhlophe ngokweqile, futhi aqinile futhi alingene. Umzimba uzacile impela, yize ubukeka umangele ngenxa yejazi.
I-English Shepherd, njengezinja eziningi ezisheshayo nezinamandla, inesisu esishonile esiqhubeka kahle esifubeni. Izitho zomzimba ziqinile, zinemisipha futhi zikhule kahle. Ezingemuva zingasonteka kancane, lokhu akuthinti ukubaluleka kohlobo.
Umsila uqotho phansi, umiswe phezulu, awude kakhulu. Akunamandla noma kugobile. I-English Shepherd esithombeni ibukeka njengenja eqinile, eziphethe kahle, esheshayo ngokubukeka okuhlakaniphile, nokungena. Imayelana nezinja ezinjalo kuyisiko ukuthi: "Kubukeka ngqo emphefumulweni."
Izinhlobo
Ukuzala umalusi wesingisi ayemukelwa yi-FCI, kodwa-ke, kuncike ezimisweni ezijwayelekile ezibekwe yi-United Kennel Club, azikho izinhlobo ezikhona. Ngisho nemibala ilinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke, ake sikhulume kancane ngezihlobo zalesi silwane, okufana kakhulu kuso, umngcele we-collie nabelusi base-Australia.
Umngcele Collie (border collie), lolu hlobo lwakhuliswa endaweni yomngcele phakathi kweScotland neNgilandi, yingakho igama ("umngcele" - umngcele). Leli gama laqala ukubhaliswa ngonyaka we-1915, noma ngabe izinga lokuzala lavunywa ngaphambili kakhulu, ngo-1881. Kepha lezi zinsuku zimane nje ziyisiqalo semvelaphi yalolu hlobo olukhazimulayo.
Emuva ngo-1570, lezi zinja kwakhulunywa ngazo, kuphela zazibizwa ngokuthi yi-Working Collie, Traditional Collie, English Collie, Farm Collie. Izilwane zihlakaniphe ngokweqile, zikwazi ukucabanga ngokuhlaziya, ukuqonda, ukuqonda. Lezi zimfanelo zitholwa ngabelusi besimanje besingisi.
Abelusi Base-Australia. Yadalwa ngokukhwelana izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi zama-collies. Kukhona ingxenye enkulu yamathuba okuqondana kwamadlozi phakathi kwabo nezinja ezingamaNgisi. Ngokuphikisana negama, ibingaveli e-Australia, kepha e-United States ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Kuphela ukuthi iBasque Shepherd Dogs ezafika eMelika zivela e-Australia zazisetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa kwayo. Uthole igama elifushane elithi Aussi ("Ossi") njengesifinyezo sezinhlamvu zokuqala zegama eligcwele i-Australian Shepherd. Zazivamile entshonalanga ye-United States.
Zombili lezi zinja ezingenhla ziyizinja ezelusayo, zinokukhuthazela, ubuhlakani obusheshayo, zingaba nje kuphela ngabasizi bomhlambi nabazingeli, kodwa futhi nabangane abahle kakhulu, abagijimi kanye nezinja ezibekezelayo zokwelapha abantu abagulayo.
Umlando wozalo
Kunokudideka okuningi emlandweni walolu hlobo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi izinja zokuqala ezinje zavela enkungwini i-Albion emuva kweminyaka yama-55 BC. kanye nababutho baseRoma. Benza ngokuphelele imisebenzi yabo yokuqapha nokwelusa. Izinja ezinjalo zazibizwa ngokuthi abelusi noma abelusi.
Kancane kancane, ezolimo zaqala ukuhlehla ngaphambi komkhakha osathuthuka, umalusi wesingisi wahlala engasebenzi. Njengomhlobo, akekho owabhalisa, akazange abasindise, kwakukhona ukuwela okunamandla nezinye izinja. Ngohlobo lwayo lwamanje, lolu hlobo lwakhiwa kamuva eMelika.
Izinja nazo zavela kanye nabokuqala baseScotland nabaseNgilandi abafinyelela emakoloni aseMelika ngekhulu le-17 futhi basungula izindawo zokuhlala lapho. Abalimi babedinga ukuvikela ipulazi nemfuyo yabo. Ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, amaMelika ahlala exuba igazi lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokufuya.
Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bafuya inja yokusebenza eyingqayizivele - inamandla, isebenza kanzima futhi inethalente. Abelusi abangamaNgisi banegazi eliningi lamaScottish Collies (kamuva abizwa ngemingcele) ngoba abukeka ngokufana futhi abizwa kanjalo isikhathi eside. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, igama elithi "Scottish Collie" maqondana nalezi zinja seliphumile ukusetshenziswa.
Ngo-1937, isazi sezinto eziphilayo, udokotela wezilwane nomlobi uLeon Fredley Whitney wabhala encwadini yakhe ethi How to Breed Dogs: “IScotland Collie ngumlingiswa onamagama amaningana -“ umalusi wasepulazini ”,“ barnyard collie ”,“ umalusi wendabuko ”,“ inkomo -nja ","umalusi wesingisi»Namanye amagama ahlanganisiwe.
Futhi yize ngingabaza ukuthi kukhona inja yaseMelika eqaphile, enokwethenjelwa futhi impela yaseMelika, ayisekho iklabhu yokuzalanisa ezweni elizimisele ukuthuthuka. Le yinja elula futhi engabonakala kunoma yiliphi ipulazi ezweni lonke. "
Kodwa-ke, umbhali wayenza iphutha, i-English Shepherd Dog eyiminyaka eyi-10 ngaleso sikhathi yayibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni esigabeni esithi "English Shepherd" (nge-UKC - United Kennel Club, e-USA). Yize ngokweminye imithombo, yaphinda yabhaliswa e-UKC efanayo ngo-1935, kwathi ngonyaka ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-1934, izinga lokufuya labhaliswa lapho.
Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi kwakungekho irejista ekhethekile yokwalusa izinja, ngakho-ke kwaba nokudideka okufanayo. Njengoba inani lamapulazi amancane e-United States lehlile, abelusi baseNgilandi sebenciphe kakhulu ekufunweni kwabo futhi inani labo lehle kakhulu. Manje baba uhlobo olungajwayelekile.
Uhlamvu
Uhlamvu lukaMelusi wesiNgisi , mhlawumbe, ikhwalithi ebaluleke kakhulu echazayo yalezi zinja. Banobuhlakani obuthuthuke kakhulu, bangabangane abahle bangempela bawo wonke umuntu ohlala endlini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umusa wabo uthuthuka ngamandla kangangokuba ufinyelela nakubantu nasezilwaneni.
Zivumelanisa kalula nezimo nezimo ezahlukahlukene, zisheshe zifunde ukusebenza nsuku zonke. Abasebenzi bazibonakalisa kanjani ukuthi bazimele futhi basebenza kanzima. Abantu abangaziwa bavame ukuqapha, uthando lwabo nokuzinikela kwabo kungumnikazi ofanayo. Noma kunjalo, uma izihambi noma izilwane zamukelwa ngabanikazi bazo endlini, inja ikhombisa ukuzitika nobungani obuthile kubo.
Ukuzimela ngokweqile, inkani nokuhlubuka ngezinye izikhathi kuvela kumlingiswa wakhe. Ukucindezela lezi zimfanelo noma ukuziqondisa endaweni efanele, umnikazi kumele abe ngumholi oqinile futhi ozethembayo wenja, ngaphandle kwalokho inja ingaphuma ekulawuleni bese yenza isenzo esingadingeki.
Kepha ezimeni lapho kudingeka khona ubuhlakani obusheshayo, ukwenza izinqumo nobuchule, inja isingisi umalusi izibonakalisa ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Uma inja inethuba lokusebenza ezindaweni zayo zobungcweti, izokwazi ngokushesha yonke imisebenzi yansuku zonke, futhi izosebenza futhi isebenze ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okuningi.
Yize ukuqeqeshwa nokuholwa okuthile kuzomzuzisa. UMalusi waseNgilandi, njengoba sekushiwo, akayena nje umalusi, kepha futhi ungumgcini wendlu nepulazi, kanye nomzingeli omuhle kakhulu wezilwane. Kusala nje ukumangala ukuthi unquma kanjani ukuthi iyiphi inyoni okufanele ayizingele nokuthi iyiphi okufanele ayiqaphe.
Iphunga layo elingajwayelekile liyivumela ukuthi ilandelele hhayi kuphela ama-raccoon nezingwejeje, kodwa futhi namagundane, amagundane, ama-ferrets nezinye izinambuzane. Izinja zizokhipha amagundane ngokushesha endaweni yakho. Asetshenziswa emsebenzini wokutakula, ku-canistherapy (ukwelashwa ngosizo lwezinja), kanye nasemincintiswaneni eyahlukahlukene nasemibukisweni.
Indlela esheshayo yokutshela i-English Shepherd evela kwi-Border Collie ukuyibeka ku-rack. IBorder Collies (Border Collies) imvamisa idinga ukubona umdlalo, ngemuva kwalokho yenza ukuma okuthambekele. Abelusi BesiNgisi bahlala bemi mpo imilomo ivuleke kancane. Futhi bona, ngokungafani nalezi ezedlule, bangasebenza nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, kusukela ezinkunzi ezisabekayo kuya ezinkukhu ezincane.
Umlingiswa wabo emsebenzini uyinhlanganisela yokukhathalela nobulukhuni, njengoba kudingeka. Le nja izwa kakhulu imizwa yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngakho-ke ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi yinja yomndeni. Kepha, behamba epaki, belawula isifiso sakhe sokuhola, bavame ukuzama ukusungula ubuholi babo phakathi kwezinye izinja.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Bondla isilwane ngokudla kwemvelo (bilisa inyama, inhlanzi ngaphandle kwamathambo, imifino nokusanhlamvu, kwesinye isikhathi, hhayi kaningi, banikeze imikhiqizo yobisi evutshiwe), nokuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo, okuthengiwe. Ungafaki inja yakho, zama ukuthenga ukudla okuyisisekelo kwe-premium.
Buza udokotela wezilwane ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela yokudla. Uzokusiza ukuthi wakhe imenyu efanelekile elinganiselayo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukugwema izinkinga ezengeziwe ngomgudu wamathumbu. Udinga ukondla inja yabantu abadala amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku, izingane - izikhathi ezi-3-4.
Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza amavithamini wesilwane sakho, amaminerali, futhi kufanele njalo kube namanzi ahlanzekile esitsheni. Asikho isidingo sokuzama inja, ukuyiphatha ngamaswidi ahlukahlukene, ukudla okunamafutha nokunezipayisi, imikhiqizo kafulawa. Konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi empilweni, futhi kunomthelela ekuzuzeni isisindo esiningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukugcina ubumsulwa bohlobo, ukukhwelana kufanele kuhlelwe kuphela. Umcimbi ubanjelwa endaweni kababa wakusasa. Bobabili abazali kumele bagonywe futhi babe nempilo. Lezi zinja ziletha udoti omkhulu - kuze kufike kumidlwane engu-16. Kodwa-ke, umama uyakwazi ukulandela wonke umuntu, anake ngokuhlukile.
Namanje - zingu-16 izingane ezisencane kunomhlambi omkhulu! Emasontweni amabili okuqala, awudingi ukubanakekela nhlobo, konke kwenziwa ngumzali onomthwalo wemfanelo. Uyabondla, uwawashe futhi awafudumeze. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele imidlwane yesiNgisi zikhula ngokushesha, zifuna ukwazi kakhulu futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukuhlola umhlaba obazungezile.
Lapho benamasonto amathathu ubudala, bakulungele ukugoma okokuqala. Kufanele uqale ukuqeqesha umdlwane wakho kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-4-5. Izinja ezingabelusi zihlala iminyaka eyi-12-15, futhi abanikazi abazisoli ngokukhetha kwabo umzuzu. Le nja iyakwazi ukukujabulisa, ibucayi kakhulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi bayayiqonda inkulumo yomuntu.
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa
Okokuqala, ake senze ukubhuka - akunconywa ukuqala lolu hlobo lokuhlala ezindlini zedolobha. Udinga umoya ohlanzekile, ophuma mahhala endlini. Inja yezimvu idinga isethi yemithwalo engajwayelekile, kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Inketho ekahle ukumgcina endlini yangasese enomnotho noma epulazini, lapho ezoba nomsebenzi omningi khona.
Ukuze unakekele isithandwa sakho, awudingi ukukhathazeka okukhethekile. Shayela ijazi njalo, okungenani izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngeviki. Sebenzisa womabili amabhulashi aqinile nathambile ngokunye. Inja iyachitha entwasahlobo nasekwindla, lapho izinwele eziningi ziwela khona. Udinga ukumgeza kuphela lapho kunesidingo, uhlanzekile impela futhi akanuki. Sebenzisa ama-shampoo enja nama-conditioner ukugeza. Gcoba izindlebe, amehlo namazinyo kanye ngesonto.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhamba okungenani ihora emoyeni omusha ngomsebenzi osebenzayo womzimba. Badinga ukuhamba kakhulu, ukuhamba kufanele kube kukhulu futhi kucatshangelwe. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kubalulekile kubo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inja ingagula.
Bayakujabulela ukubamba nokudlala landa (letha ibhola noma induku). Uma inja igijima kahle emini, ekupheleni kosuku iyakhululeka, yehlise umoya, izigoqe ezinyaweni zomnikazi bese ilala. Uhlobo lunezifo ezithile zofuzo:
- I-Dysplasia yamajoyini we-hip, bukela ukuhamba, ukuhamba kwenja. Ezibonakalisweni zokuqala zokuhleleka kokuma kanye nokuzwa okungenzeka kube buhlungu - ngokushesha kudokotela wezilwane.
- I-Volvulus (engajwayelekile)
- Ukungezwani komzimba nemithi.
Intengo
Ngaphambi kokuthenga umdlwane, thintana nabafuyi abathembekile, funda izincwadi, vakashela umbukiso wezinja. Udinga ukuthenga inja emsulwa kuphela ezindlini zezinja eziqeqeshiwe, hhayi emakethe. Lapho uthenga umdlwane, cabanga ngalezi zinkomba ezilandelayo:
- Umdlwane kufanele ube noboya obuhlanzekile, obucwebezelayo, obuhle.
- Okhethiwe kufanele asebenze futhi abe nesifiso esihle sokudla.
- Hlola ukuzwa kwengane yakho ngokulahla okuthile okukhala noma kwensimbi eduzane.
- Amehlo kufanele ahlanzeke futhi acwebezele, ikhala kufanele libe manzi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ujwayelene nohlu lozalo olukhishiwe, amadokhumenti akhombisa amazinga ahlukahlukene wobudlelwano babazali. Ubuhlobo obuseduze abufanele nakancane.
Intengo yesiNgisi yoMalusi kuya ngomugqa we-elite. Uma uzothenga inja ukuthi ibambe iqhaza emibonisweni nasemincintiswaneni ehlukahlukene, izindleko ezinamadokhumende zizoba cishe ngama- $ 1,500. Yize amanye "ama-purebred" engabiza inani le- "transcendental" - $ 15,000.
Futhi uma udinga umngane, umngane, umsizi nomqaphi, ungathola umdlwane esithenjini ngamadola angama-700-800. Amakilabhu amancane nabalimi abazimele bangacela ama- $ 400-450 ngedlwane lezinyanga ezi-2-3 ubudala.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Lezi zinja ezelusayo ziyakwazi ukumangala ngesici esingajwayelekile - zihamba phakathi kwezihlahla. Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kukhishwe izincwajana zokukhangisa e-USA, lapho le nja engajwayelekile iboniswa ikhwela esihlahleni isilwane esithile. Ngezansi bekunamazwibela athi: "UMalusi waseNgilandi angathola noma yini nanoma ngubani ngisho esihlahleni."
- ERussia kanye namazwe we-CIS yangaphambili, uMalusi waseNgilandi wavela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90 yekhulu elidlule, kepha akakakutholi ukuthandwa okukhulu. Akukho kusigaba se-RKF. Noma kunjalo, inkulisa efanelekile ingatholakala. Isibonelo, eMoscow, eKiev naseMinsk.
- Lezi zinja zizwelana nezidakamizwa ngesizathu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva eWashington State University lukhombisile ukuthi i-15% yazo zonke izinja ze-English Shepherd Dogs zingaba nesifo sofuzo se-MDR1 (membrane protein, glycoprotein). Lokhu kuholela ekuphenduleni okunganele kweminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinja. Umphumela ungaba ukungahambi kahle, ukuxhumanisa, ukuthuthumela, ukuhlanza, ukudideka, ngisho nokufa kwesilwane. I-swab elula esihlathini kufanele ihlolwe ukuguqulwa.
- Ukuze ucabange kangcono ukuthi uhlamvu lwe-English Shepherd luyini, ungakhumbula i-movie ethi "Shaggy Fir Trees". Kukhona elinye lamaqhawe, inja yePirate, edlala umngcele. Ukwethembeka, ukuzinikela, uthando, ubuhlakani, ukukhuthazela - zonke lezi zimfanelo zidlulisiwe zisuka ku- "Scots" zaya enzalweni yazo, i-English Shepherd Dogs.
