Isicabucabu samanzi - yize incane futhi ingenabungozi ngokubukeka, inobuthi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, eyakha i-dome enomoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, yathola igama layo lesibili, isiliva - amaconsi amanzi amancane ezinweleni zalo, ekhipha umoya wedome, ekhanya elangeni futhi yakha ukukhanya kwesiliva.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi
Ama-Arachnids aqhamuke kudala kakhulu - izinhlobo zezinsalela ezindala kakhulu ziyaziwa ezindaweni zezidalwa zase-Devonia, futhi lokhu kuyiminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-400 BC. Babengabokuqala ukufika emhlabathini, ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakhiwa isici sabo esikhulu sokuhlukanisa - izinsimbi zobulembu besicabucabu, futhi ngokombono wososayensi abathile, kungenzeka ukuthi zavela nasemanzini.
Izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwesicabucabu, indawo yaso esiteji sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuncike kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwewebhu - izinhlobo zasendulo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kunamakhokho, njengoba kwenza okhokho bazo abakude kakhulu. Njengoba izicabucabu zithuthuka, zafunda ukusebenzisa iwebhu ngezinye izindlela: ukuhlela izidleke, amanethiwekhi, amasiginali amasistimu kuyo.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu Samanzi
Ngokusho kwabafundi be-paleoanthologists, kwakungokusungulwa kocingo olwalucijwa yizicabucabu zesikhathi seJurassic, kanye nokubonakala kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo, okwenza izinambuzane zithole amaphiko futhi zikhuphukele emoyeni - zazifuna ukubalekela ubuningi bamanetha asakazwa yizicabucabu.
Izicabucabu zaqina kakhulu futhi phakathi nakho konke ukuqothulwa okukhulu okuyisihlanu, lapho iningi lezinhlobo lanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba, azikwazanga ukusinda kuphela, kodwa futhi nokushintsha okuncane kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, izinhlobo zesimanje zesicabucabu, kufaka phakathi i-silverfish, zisungulwe muva nje: iningi lazo lisukela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-35 ubudala, ezinye zangaphansi.
Kancane kancane, izicabucabu zaqala ukukhula, ngakho-ke izitho zazo zokuqala ezaqala ukusebenza zaqala ukusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isisu sayeka nokuhlukanisa, ukunyakaza kokuhamba kanye nesivinini sokuphendula sakhula. Kepha ukuvela kwemikhakha eminingi nezinhlobo zezicabucabu akukacwaningisiswa ngokuningiliziwe, le nqubo iyaqhubeka.
Lokhu kusebenza nesicabucabu samanzi - akukaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi zavelaphi, nokuthi zivela kubani. Cishe sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi baba yisibonelo sokubuyela olwandle lwama-arachnids omhlaba. Lolu hlobo lwachazwa uKarl Alexander Clerk ngo-1757, lwathola igama elithi Argyroneta aquatica futhi kwakuyilo lodwa olwalunguhlobo lozalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izicabucabu ziyizidalwa eziqinile - ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo yaseKrakatoa, lapho, njengoba kubonakala sengathi, udaka lubhubhise zonke izinto eziphilayo, sezifikile esiqhingini, abantu baba ngabokuqala ukuhlangana nesicabucabu esisonteke iwebhu phakathi nogwadule olungenampilo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi, i-aka silver
Ngokwesakhiwo, ihluke kakhulu kwizicabucabu ezejwayelekile ezihlala emhlabeni: inemihlathi emine, amehlo nemilenze eyisishiyagalombili. Izidladla ezinde kunazo zonke zitholakala emaphethelweni: ezingaphambili zenzelwe ukubamba ukudla, ezingemuva zokubhukuda - nezinhlanzi zesiliva zikulungele ukwenza lokhu.
Ngobude obungu-12-16 mm kuphela, abesifazane bavame ukusondela ekugcineni okuphansi kwebanga, nabesilisa kuya phezulu. Ngezicabucabu, lokhu akuvamile, imvamisa banabesifazane abaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane abadli abesilisa njengoba kwenza ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zesicabucabu. Ziyahluka futhi ngesimo sesisu: owesifazane uyindilinga, futhi owesilisa uphakeme kakhulu.
Ukuphefumula, kwakha igwebu eligcwele umoya elizungezile. Lapho umoya uphela, untanta phezulu ukuze uthole omusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze aphefumule, unedivayisi eyodwa - izinwele ezisesiswini zigcotshiswe into engenamanzi.
Ngosizo lwabo, kugcinwa umoya omningi, futhi lapho isicabucabu sivela ngemuva kwebhulebhu elisha, ngasikhathi sinye sigcwalisa ukunikezwa komoya ogcinwe yizinwele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izwakala kamnandi emanzini, yize kufanele intante ngaphezulu izikhathi eziningi ngosuku.
Umbala wesicabucabu samanzi ungaba ophuzi-mpunga noma ophuzi nsundu. Kunoma ikuphi, isicabucabu esincane sinomthunzi okhanyayo, futhi lapho sikhula, kuba mnyama ngokwengeziwe. Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe uvele abe mnyama bhuqe - ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukusungula iminyaka yakhe.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu samanzi?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi eRussia
Uthanda isimo sezulu esipholile, futhi uhlala ezindaweni zaseYurophu nase-Asia ezikulo - kusuka e-Atlantic Ocean kuya ePacific. Ithanda ukuhlala emanzini amile, ibuye ivunyelwe ukuthi igeleze, kepha kancane, okusho ukuthi izindawo zayo ezinkulu yimifula, amachibi namachibi. Uthanda ikakhulukazi izindawo ezilahliwe, ezinokuthula, okungcono ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Kuyafiseleka futhi ukuthi ichibi ligcwele izimila kakhulu - lapho kuningi, maningi amathuba okuthi izinhlanzi zesilver zihlale kulo, futhi uma zikhona, kuvame ukuthi kube eziningi zazo ngasikhathi sinye, yize wonke umuntu ezihlelela isidleke esihlukile. Ngaphandle, indawo yokuhlala isicabucabu ingafana nensimbi encane noma insimbi encane - ilukiwe ngewebhu futhi yanamatheliswa ematsheni angezansi.
Kunzima kakhulu ukukuqaphela njengoba kucishe kube sobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikuvumeli ukudlula komoya. Isicabucabu sichitha isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni saso esingaphansi kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane - sinokwethenjelwa futhi siphephile, ngoba imicu yesiginali ilula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezisuka kuyo, futhi uma kunesidalwa esiphilayo eduze, isicabucabu sizokwazi ngaso leso sikhathi ngaso.
Kwesinye isikhathi wakha izidleke eziningana zezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ama-Silverlings angagcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu akuvamile, kepha kuyenzeka, ngoba kungathakazelisa ngezidleke zazo nokukhanya kwesiliva. Isicabucabu esisodwa singagcinwa esitsheni esincane, futhi eziningana zizodinga i-aquarium ephelele.
Azixabani zodwa, kepha uma zingondlekile, zingangena empini, ngemuva kwalokho ophumeleleyo adle okahlulwayo. Zijwayela kahle ekuthunjweni, kepha zidinga ukuhlela indawo yezitshalo zasemanzini, futhi ukuze ezinye zazo zivele ngaphezulu (noma ziphonse amagatsha) - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze izicabucabu ziphume ziye emoyeni.
Yize zinobuthi, azithambekele ekuhlaseleni abantu, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma isicabucabu sizivikela - izimo ezinjalo zingenzeka lapho i-silverfish ibanjwa kanye nenhlanzi, futhi icabanga ukuthi ihlaselwe. Imvamisa, izama ukubalekela abantu, futhi ijwayele, izicabucabu ezibanjiwe zisabela ngokuthula lapho zikhona.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu samanzi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Isicabucabu samanzi sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi
Ukudla kufaka izilwane ezincane ezihlala emanzini, yilezi:
- izinambuzane zasemanzini;
- izibungu;
- izimbongolo zamanzi;
- izimpukane;
- umbungu wegazi;
- ama-crustaceans amancane;
- inhlanzi ethosiwe.
Lapho ehlasela, ubamba isisulu ngobulembu ukuze abambe ukunyakaza kwakhe, afake i-chelicera kuso bese ejova ushevu. Ngemuva kokuthi inyamazane ifile futhi iyeke ukumelana nayo, yethula imfihlo yokugaya - ngosizo lwayo, izicubu ziyancipha, bese kuba lula nge-silverfish ukuthi imunce wonke umsoco okuvela kuyo.
Ngaphezu kokuzingela, bahudula bagaye izinambuzane esezifile ezintanta phezulu echibini - izimpukane, omiyane njalonjalo. Ngokuvamile, ekuthunjweni, isicabucabu samanzi sondliwa nabo, futhi singadla amaphela. Ngosizo lwewebhu idonsela inyamazane kudome yayo bese iyidla lapho vele.
Ukuze enze lokhu, ulele ngomhlane futhi akucubungule ukudla nge-enzyme yokugaya ukudla, kuthi lapho ithamba ngokwanele, iyazincinza, bese kuthi okwatholakala ukuthi kungadleki kususwe esidlekeni - kugcinwa kuhlanzekile. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, abakhandi besiliva bathanda ukudla izimbongolo zamanzi.
Ku-ecosystem, ziwusizo ngokuthi zibhubhisa izibungu zezinambuzane eziningi eziyingozi, ngokwesibonelo, omiyane, okubavimbela ekuzalelaneni ngokweqile. Kepha futhi zingaba yingozi, ngoba zizingela inhlanzi ethosiwe. Kodwa-ke, gazinga elibuthakathaka kakhulu liba yisisulu sabo, ngakho-ke badlala indima yabafuyi bemvelo, futhi abalimazi kakhulu izinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yize isicabucabu samanzi sinamehlo amaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzingela akanciki kubo, kepha kuwebhu yakhe, ngosizo lwakhe angakuzwa konke ukunyakaza kwesisulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi esimise okwefaneli
I-silverfish iyahamba izingela ebusuku, kepha iphumula kakhulu emini. Abesifazane abavamile ukuphuma esidlekeni ngaphandle kokugcwalisa umoya wabo - ngaphandle kokuzingela. Kepha ngisho nayo ivamise ukuholwa nje, inganciki ngaphandle esidlekeni, bese ilinda kuze kube khona enye inyamazane eseduze kwayo.
Abesilisa basebenza kakhulu futhi bangasuka esidlekeni baye ebangeni elifinyelela kumamitha ayishumi befuna ukudla. Yize kaningi futhi zihlala ngaphakathi kwemitha noma amabili, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamanethiwekhi abo, zilungele ukuphendula kwizimpawu ezivela kuzo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Bangakwazi ukulala phakathi kwamakhokho abaziluka ngawo, noma kumagobolondo angenalutho ama-mollusk. Abakhandi babo besiliva bathakazelisa kakhulu ukulungiselela ubusika: bahudulela umoya ngaphakathi aze antante, bese bewunamathisela kudada olushubile bese bekhasa ngaphakathi kwegobolondo.
Lapho igobolondo selilungile, ungangena ebusika - kuzofudumala ngokwanele ngaphakathi ukuze isicabucabu samanzi siphile ngisho nasemakhazeni amakhulu kakhulu. Amagobolondo anjalo antantayo angabonakala ezinyangeni zasekwindla - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi inhlanzi yesiliva ihlala echibini, ngoba amagobolondo awavamile ukuntanta ngaphandle kosizo lwawo.
Lapho kufika ubusika, i-duckweed iyawa, futhi igobolondo liye ezansi kanye nayo, kepha ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu, amanzi awayikhuhli, ngakho-ke isicabucabu silala ngempumelelo. Entwasahlobo, lesi sitshalo siyavela, kuthi ngaso igobolondo, lizwa imfudumalo, owesifazane wesiliva avuke aphume.
Uma ihlobo selomile futhi ichibi lomile, izicabucabu zamanzi zimane zifezekele bese zicasha kuzo ngenxa yokushisa, zilinde zize ziphinde zizithole zisemanzini. Noma bangandiza ngendwangu yobulembu baye kwamanye amazwe, befuna ichibi elikhudlwana elingakaqedi. Kunoma ikuphi, abasongelwa ngokufa ezimweni ezinjalo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi eRussia
Zihlala ngamaqembu, yize umuntu ngamunye ehlala esidlekeni sakhe buqamama nakwezinye. Azishayisani, kepha ezimweni ezingavamile, amacala okudla inyama ayaziwa. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni uma kunezinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu zesiliva ezihlala ku-aquarium eyodwa.
Abantu bobulili obufanayo noma abahlukile bangahlala eduzane, ngoba abesifazane besicabucabu samanzi abathambekele ekudleni abesilisa. Izicabucabu zivame ukuhlala ngababili, zibeka izidleke ezindaweni eziseduze komunye nomunye. Abesifazane bazalela esidlekeni.
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo efudumele, owesifazane ophethe amaqanda wenza i-clutch esidlekeni sakhe: imvamisa kuba namaqanda angaba ngu-30-40 kuwo, kwesinye isikhathi angaphezulu kakhulu - ngaphezulu kwekhulu nesigamu. Uhlukanisa ukwakhiwa kwamatshe esidlekeni sonke ngesahlulelo bese esivikela ekungeneni, cishe ngaphandle kokushiya.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, izicabucabu zivela emaqandeni - zenziwa ngendlela efanayo nabantu abadala, kuncane kakhulu. Umama wesicabucabu uyaqhubeka nokubanakekela baze bamshiye - lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha, izicabucabu zikhula emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazakhela isidleke sabo, imvamisa kakhulu echibini elifanayo.
Yize kwesinye isikhathi bekwazi ukuhamba, ngokwesibonelo, uma sekuvele kukhona izinhlamvu zemali zesiliva eziningi lapho bazalelwa khona. Bese bekhuphuka lesi sitshalo, baqale intambo bese bandiza phezu kwayo ngomoya baze bafinyelele kwelinye iqhwa lamanzi - futhi uma lingakhuphuki, bangandizela phambili.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Lapho kugcinwa izicabucabu ezincane ekuthunjweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlalwe kabusha, ngoba uma kungenjalo kuzoba nesikhala esincane kakhulu kulo, futhi zingadliwa ngunina uqobo. Lokhu akwenzeki ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu samanzi
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi, noma i-silverfish
Yize uqobo lwazo zingamadlakela anobungozi futhi eziyingozi ezilwaneni ezincane zasemanzini, zinezitha eziningi. Cishe azikho izinsongo esidlekeni, kepha ukuphuma ngokuzingela, zona ngokwazo zisengozini yokuba yisisulu - kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuyenzeka, futhi isidleke silahlekelwa ngumnikazi waso.
Phakathi kwezitha eziyingozi:
- izinyoni;
- izinyoka;
- amaxoxo;
- izibankwa;
- inhlanzi;
- ojekamanzi nezinye izinambuzane ezidla emanzini.
Noma kunjalo, babhekana nezingozi ezincane kakhulu kunezicabucabu ezijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi bahlala emanzini. Lapha, izilwane eziningi ezidla umhlaba azikwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, kepha izinhlanzi zingazidla - futhi lolu songo akufanele lubukelwe phansi, ngoba ngisho nesidleke asihlali sivikela kuso.
Futhi kuyisivikelo esinokwethenjelwa ezimweni eziningi, uhlelo lwezintambo oluvela kulo alubalulekanga kangako - sibonga kubo, i-silverfish ayizingeli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ifunda ngosongo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ithuba eliyinhloko lezilwane ezidla ezinye ukuthi zingamangala futhi zibambe lesi silwane yilapho ezingela khona, ngalezi zikhathi akakwazi ukuzivikela.
Imvamisa amaxoxo asebenzisa lokhu nje, kepha, akusho ukuthi abakhandi besiliva abaningi bagcina izimpilo zabo zisemazinyweni ezidliwayo - imvamisa impilo yabo izolile, ngakho-ke abakulungele ukushintshanisa ichibi labo ngendawo ephazamisa umhlaba.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ubuthi beSilverfish bunobuthi impela, kepha abuyingozi kubantu - imvamisa kuba nokubomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokulunywa, futhi yilokho kuphela. Ingane noma umuntu onamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka angazizwa enesiyezi, azizwe ebi kakhulu, bese eba nesicanucanu. Kunoma ikuphi, konke kuzodlula ngosuku noma ezimbili.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samanzi
Izicabucabu zamanzi zihlala ezindaweni eziningi zase-Eurasia, futhi zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo yamanzi, imvamisa ngamanani amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezisongelwa kancane - kuze kube manje, ngokusobala ayinazo izinkinga ngosayizi wabantu, yize kungenziwa izibalo.
Vele, ukuwohloka kwemvelo emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi bekungeke kuthinte zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala kuyo, kepha, inhlanzi yesiliva ihlushwa yilokhu okungenani kunakho konke. Kancane kancane, kepha lokhu kungabangelwa yinyamazane yabo, ngenxa yokunyamalala abangaphoqeleka ukuthi bashiye izindawo zabo zokuhlala - izinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene, nazo akulula kangako ukuzisusa.
Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihleleke kakhulu, ukuqothulwa kusongela izicabucabu eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-silverfish, okungenani kunakho konke - lezi yizidalwa ezijwayeleke ngokuphelele ezingasinda ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isilverlings kwesinye isikhathi sikhuliswa ezindlini ngoba kuyathakazelisa ukuyibuka: bangasebenzisa ngobuhlakani iwebhu yabo, bakhombise "ubuqili" obukhethekile, futhi basebenze usuku lonke - yize lokhu kusebenza ikakhulu kwabesilisa, abesifazane bathule kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, azithobeki: zidinga ukondliwa kuphela futhi amanzi ashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuvala isitsha nabo, uma kungenjalo isicabucabu sizothatha uhambo oluzungeze indlu yakho sifune indawo entsha yokuhlala, futhi mhlawumbe, yini enhle, ukundiza ungene emgwaqweni noma ucindezelwe ngengozi.
Isicabucabu samanzi, noma ngabe inobuthi - isidalwa sabantu asinabungozi, uma ungasithinti. Uhlukile ngoba ubeka amanetha awo khona kanye emanzini, uhlala uhlala futhi uzingela kuwo, yize ungenazo izinto zokuphefumula ezilungiselelwe impilo yasemanzini. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuthi ingakwazi ukuhlomisa amagobolondo angenalutho asebusika.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 33
