I-Catfish izakhamuzi ezihlala njalo ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zamanzi cishe kuwo wonke amakhaya noma i-aquarium yomphakathi. Wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica, abambe iqhaza ekwandiseni izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinamanzi ahlanzekile. Cishe imindeni engu-5-7 eyakha i-catfish ifaka i-catfish, lapho i-epithet "aquarium" ifanela khona.
Incazelo nezici
Lezi izinhlanzi ezingathobekile ezinekhanda elibanzi nomlomo ophansi, ozimele ngazimbili zezimpondo ezi-2-3. Ingxenye yomzimba yomzimba isicabalele. Umzimba uthinta ubheke phambili. Konke kukhomba impilo engezansi yenhlanzi. Imibala yemvelo ihluke kakhulu. Imikhuba yokudla yehlukile. Izinhlanzi eziningi ze-catfish zidla kakhulu, iningi lazo liyizidlakela, kukhona abadla imifino kuphela.
Izinhlobo
Imindeni eminingi yokuhlukaniswa iqukethe izinhlobo ze-aquarium catfish, kusuka ku-oda le-catfish. Ngokweqiniso, umuntu angadala izimo futhi agcine iningi lazo ekhaya. Imikhawulo ibekwa ngosayizi wezinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-aquarists akhomba okungajwayelekile kunakho konke.
I-Cirrus catfish
Zonke izinhlanzi ze-catfish ezikweli qembu lomndeni zivela e-Afrika. Ukulingisa igama lesiLatini lomndeni - iMochokidae - bavame ukubizwa ngama-mohawks noma ama-mohawks. Umndeni walezi zinhlanzi ezihlekisayo uhlanganisa imikhakha engu-9 nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200. Cirrus i-aquarium catfish esithombeni kubukeka buhle futhi buyingqayizivele.
- Somik-flip. Inhlanzi ithanda ukubhukuda iye phezulu nesisu sayo isikhathi esiningi. Igama lawo labizwa ngalo (isiLatin Synodontis nigriventris). Njengokufanele i-pinnate catfish, i-shape-shifter inamapheya amathathu ezimpondo. Ubukhulu bukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ukwakheka kwesimo kunoma iyiphi i-aquarium: ayikhuli ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Umbala ufihlekile emvelweni: ingemuva elinsundu ngokujwayelekile lenziwa libe namabala amnyama.
AmaShifters abhukuda ngokuthula ngesisu
- Veil Sidontis. Lezi zinhlobo (iSinodontis eupterus) zithanda ukubhukuda zibheke phansi zingaphansi kwesakhiwo sayo. Amaphiko ale nhlanzi awamakhulu nje kuphela, kepha futhi ayaphika. Uma kuba sengozini, i-catfish embozwe ngeveli iqala ukubakhonkotha, ngethemba lokuthi bambalwa abazingeli abahlafuna ameva.
- I-Catfish cuckoo. I-Catfish evela kuhlobo lwe-Synodontis noma i-Synodontis. Inhlanzi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-synodontis enamabala. Amagama ajwayelekile ahlotshaniswa nenqwaba yamabala amnyama ahlukile ngasemuva okukhanyayo nomkhuba wokuhlela i-clutch yawo ngamaqoqo e-caviar yomunye umuntu. Le nhlanzi enkulu (efinyelela ku-27 cm) ivela eLake Tanganyika.
- UPimelodus Pictus. Igama lale nhlanzi ukuhumusha igama lalo lesiLatini elithi Pimelodus pictus. Inhlanzi inamagama amaningi wesidlaliso: ingelosi ye-pimelodus, ikati le-pictus, i-pimelodus edwetshiwe. Ukuchichima kwamagama kukhuluma ngokuthandwa kwale nhlanzi engamasentimitha ayi-11 evela emgodini wase-Amazon.
- USinodontis umhlekisi. Igama lesayensi laleli catfish yi-Synodontis decorus. Esimweni samahhala uhlala emithanjeni yoMfula iCongo. Unokuthula futhi unamahloni yize usayizi wawo uhloniphekile. Ingakhula ize ifike ku-30 cm.Ihamba kancane, kepha amaphiko, i-dorsal ne-caudal, athuthukiswe kakhulu. Imisebe yokuqala ye-dorsal fin ifinyelela ku-filament ende. Lokho, kanye nombala onamabala, kunikeza inhlanzi ukubukeka okungajwayelekile.
- USidontis Dominoes. Izindawo ezinkulu ezimnyama emzimbeni okhanyayo zidale ukuthi ama-aquarists ayihlobanise namathambo wokudlala, yingakho iSinodontis notatus yathola igama lakhona. ISidontis domino ayikubekezeleli ukusondela kwezinye izinhlanzi. Inganweba ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-27. Abafuyi bezinhlanzi batusa ukuthi kugcinwe eyodwa kuphela ye-catfish e-aquarium.
I-Catfish iphumelela ngempumelelo cishe kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi
- USidontis imabula. Uhlala emanzini ahamba kancane eCongo nemifula yawo. Ososayensi bakubiza nge-Synodontis schoutedeni. Faka umbala ngendlela yemigqa yamathoni ahlukahlukene ngesizinda esiphuzi, imvelo enokuthula nobude obulinganiselayo (kufika ku-14 cm) yenza le nhlanzi ibe ngumhlali omuhle wase-aquarium. Ukuphela kwento, i-sidontis yemabula ivikela indawo yayo ekungenelweni izihlobo, ikhetha ukuhlala yodwa.
- USidontis uyingelosi. Igama lesayensi lale nhlanzi ngu-Synodontis angelicus. Kepha elinye igama elidumile lifaneleka kakhulu i-catfish: polka dot sidontis. Izindawo ezikhanyayo zisakazeke emzimbeni wayo omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umdabu wase-Afrika emaphakathi, uhlala yedwa noma eqenjini elincane ezindaweni zasemanzini. Le sidontis ikhula ize ifike ku-25 cm, ebeka izidingo kumthamo wekhaya lakhe.
- I-sidontis enamabala. Amagama we-Aquarium catfish imvamisa iqukethe inkomba yombala, ukubukeka kwenhlanzi. Umzimba okhanyayo wale Sidontis unamachashaza amakhulu anezindilinga. Inhlanzi ayizithobi, kepha inkulu ngokwanele: ama-30 cm awusayizi omncane we-aquarium yanoma iluphi usayizi. Kepha i-sidontis enamabala ihlala isikhathi eside - cishe iminyaka engama-20.
- I-sidontis emthende. Idabuka echibini laseCongo Molebo. Umdwebo ophuzi, onsundu, wobude obude udonswa emzimbeni ophuzi wale nhlanzi. Okufakwe amabala ombala ofanayo. I-catfish enemigqa ihamba kahle enkampanini yohlobo lwayo, kepha ayithwaliswa isizungu. Ubude be-catfish bungu-20 cm, lokhu kusho ivolumu ehambisanayo ye-aquarium (okungenani amalitha ayi-100).
Umndeni wakwaBagruses noma imikhomo yokubulala
Umndeni obanzi (Lat. Bagridae) we-catfish, unemikhakha engama-20, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-227. Izinhlanzi zidabuka e-Afrika nase-Asia. Enyakatho yoMfula i-Amur ayitholakali. Imizimba yabo eyi-oblong ayinazo izikali, amafinyila enza imisebenzi yokuvikela.
- UBagrus umnyama. Ekuqaleni ivela e-Indochina, ikhula ize ifike ku-30 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, inenye enye inkinga - le nhlanzi inolaka. Uthanda ukugxuma. Ingashiya i-aquarium ingamboziwe ngesembozo ezibalweni ezimbili. Wazi kanjani futhi uthanda ukubhukuda efulathele phansi. Kufakwe kusihlukanisi semvelo ngaphansi kwegama elithi Mystus leucophasis.
- Ingilazi yeBagrus noma iphethini. Ngokungafani nozakwabo omnyama, lena yinhlanzi encane kakhulu. Kuze kube ngu-5 cm ngomphetho womsila. Izama ukungabonakali, i-catfish yaphumela obala. Njengasesikrinini somshini we-X-ray, ungabona ingaphakathi laso, nakwabesifazane abalungiselela ukuzala, ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda.
- USomik ungumkhonto. Igama livela ekubunjweni kwesiphetho se-dorsal. Imisebe yokuqala enwetshiwe kakhulu. Umugqa ocishe ucishe ube mhlophe uhamba emzimbeni omnyama. Kungenzeka ukuthi wazala izinhlangano ngomkhonto phakathi kososayensi. Sikhona esiqhingini saseSumatra. I-Catfish incane, ikhula ize ifike ku-20 cm, kepha inenhlamvu esheshayo.
- Imfihlakalo yamaphuzu amabili. Ekuqaleni ivela esiqhingini saseSumatra. Ngosayizi omncane (kufika ku-6.5 cm) i-catfish. Ngaphambi komzimba okhanyayo, eduze kwekhanda, indawo enamafutha, emnyama iyadonselwa. Ingaphambili limakwe ngomugqa omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama. Inani labantu be-aquarium lingahlukaniswa nge-catfish eyodwa noma eziningi ngenxa yemvelo yazo enokuthula.
Cishe zonke izinhlanzi ezine-catfish zinentshebe, kusuka isikhathi eside kakhulu kungabonakali
- I-Catfish batasio. Ekuqaleni ivela eThailand. Le nhlanzi ayidluli amasentimitha ayi-8. Umbala onesizotha uhambelana nosayizi wayo ophansi. Ebusheni, umbala womzimba ubomvana, ngemuva kokunqoba iminyaka yezinyanga ezimbili, uqala ukuba nsundu. Isizinda esijwayelekile siwele ngemivimbo emnyama ebanzi. IBatasio inokuthula futhi ayinasizotha. Ososayensi bakubiza ngokuthi iBatasio tigrinus.
- I-catfish enentshebe emhlophe. Umzimba upendwe ngamathoni amnyama ajulile, okuvela kuwo amadevu akhanyayo. Ngenxa yalokho uBagrichthys majusculus athola igama elijwayelekile elithi "amadevu amhlophe". Umdabu waseThailand, ukhula aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-15-16. Ongathobekile, njengazo zonke izinhlanzi zase-Asia. Abesilisa bayigada ngokuqinile indawo yabo. Abesifazane bayavumelana ngokwengeziwe, banokuthula okwengeziwe.
- Inhlanzi yaseSiamese. Igama lenhlanzi lihlotshaniswa nendawo azalelwa kuyo - iSiam, iThailand yanamuhla. Ekhumbula ukuzihlanganisa komndeni wakhe, ama-aquarists avame ukumbiza ngokuthi yi-Siamese killer whale noma i-killer whale. I-Siamese catfish inezinzuzo eziningi: zikanokusho, zingathobekile, ziphila, ezinosayizi ofanele (kufika ku-12 cm).
Umndeni wekati we-catfish
Ezinye izinhlobo zalo mndeni yizakhamizi ezidumile zaphansi kwamanzi we-aquarium. Ama-Aquarists azi kahle i-catfish engohlobo lweKoridoras. Umzimba walezi zinhlanzi umbozwe izikali ezishisayo. Lesi simo sanikeza igama kuhlobo lweCorydoras nawo wonke umndeni - i-carapace catfish noma i-Callichthyidae.
- I-Catfish pygmy. Ekuqaleni ivela eNingizimu Melika. Ngokwesimo sayo semvelo, ihlala emifudlaneni egelezela emfuleni iMadera. Ubude bezinhlobo ezinkulu abweqi ku-3.5 cm.Umzimba we-pygmy mude ngokwedlula lowo wezinye izinhlanzi. Ufihla okuncane, ahambe ngenkuthalo kuzo zonke izingqimba ze-aquarium.
- Ingwe catfish. Isakhamuzi semifula nezinqolobane zaseColombia. Ifinyelela eGuyana naseSuriname. Umzimba wenhlanzi unamabala, kepha kunemivimbo emithathu yobude ezinhlangothini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-catfish enemizila emithathu. Igama layo lesayensi nguCorydoras trilineatus. I-catfish incane (engekho ngaphezulu kwama-6 cm), izwana kahle nomakhelwane e-aquarium.
- USomik Panda. Isakhamuzi semithamo esentabeni ye-Amazon. Ngijwayele amanzi athambile futhi apholile. Ukushisa kuka-19 ° C akumethusi. Kufakwe amaphampu kuma-aquariums futhi kukhetha ama-20-25 ° C. Emzimbeni olula we-catfish, kunezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ekhanda nasemsileni. Izinhlanzi zinokuthula, zikhetha impilo enkampanini yama-pandas angama-3-4 afanayo.
Imigwaqo yePanda kufanele igcinwe emanzini anesihlabathi ukugwema ukulimala kwezimpondo ezingezansi
- I-Brochis britski. Le catfish inegama elizwisiseka kakhudlwana - i-emerald catfish noma i-emerald corridor. Igama lesayensi lenhlanzi nguCorydoras britskii. Kwenzeka emfuleni waseBrazil iParaguay. Ikhula ize ifike ku-9 cm. Izizwa ikhululekile eqenjini lezihlobo ezi-3-5. Ihlobisa i-aquarium ngemibala yomzimba wayo: kusuka ku-orange kuya kokuluhlaza.
- Iphaseji lihlome ngezikhali. Izinhlanzi zivela ePeru. Igama lesayensi nguCorydoras armatus. Izikali zeCarapace zithole uhlamvu lwezikhali. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphiko inzima, njengezinsipho. Umbala womzimba umhlophe ngezinkomba ezimnyama. Isimo senhlanzi sinokuthula. Imigwaqo emi-5 nangaphezulu ephathekayo ingahlala ku-aquarium eyodwa.
I-Pimelodious catfish
Lo mndeni (Pimelodidae) unelinye igama - icatfish enamakhanda acabalele. Izakhamizi ezinkulu kakhulu zasemanzini. Imizimba yabo ayinazikali. Intshebe ingaba yinde nje emzimbeni. Lezi zidalwa ezinamakhanda ayisicaba ziyizilwane ezidlayo, kepha hhayi ngobudlova. Kuqukethe kaningi ehhovisi, iklabhu yama-aquariums amaningi wamathani.
- I-Tiger catfish aquarium... Enye yezinhlobo ze-pimelodic ezihlangene kakhulu. Ikhula ize ibe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Imigqa emnyama yehlosi idonselwa eceleni komzimba okhanyayo we-catfish. Izinhlanzi zigcinwa emanzini amakhulu kakhulu, eduze komakhelwane abafanayo. Izinhlanzi ezincane zidliwa yi-catfish, yize ingenakubizwa ngokuthi inolaka.
- Inhlanzi enomsila obomvu. Inhlanzi enkulu enombala omangalisayo. Esesimweni samahhala, uhlala emithanjeni ye-Amazon. Ukuhlala ku-aquarium ebanzi, kunganqoba ubude bemitha. Lokho wukuthi, ngeke kwenzeke ukukuqukatha ezitsheni ezinkulu zasendlini.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-red-tailed catfish ingakhula ifike kuma-80 kg.
Enye i-catfish enkulu - iphupho elithandekayo labanikazi bamanzi amakhulu kakhulu - ngu- ushaka ikatifishi. I-Aquarium umhlali uyakhanga ngoba ubukeka njengenhlanzi edumile yokudla. Ngokudla imikhuba, akufani kakhulu kuye. Uzama ukudla wonke umuntu okwazi ukungena emlonyeni wakhe.
I-chain catfish
Umndeni unegama lesibili, uLoricariidae catfish noma uLoricariidae. Leli ngelinye lamaqembu amakhulu ezinhlanzi. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-92 nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-680. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela zeLoricaria ezigxile ezindaweni zasemanzini.
- I-Plecostomus noma i-catfish yanamathela ku-aquarium... Lolu hlobo lwaluyi-catfish yokuqala ye-chain etholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini zasekhaya. Igama lakhe seliphenduke igama lasekhaya. Zonke izinhlanzi zaseLoricaria zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-plecostomuses noma i-catfish enamathelayo. Idla uhlaza lwasolwandle, idla yonke into ekhula ezindongeni ze-aquarium namatshe.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, i-catfish ithanda ukucasha ngaphansi kwezingodo nezinye izindawo zokukhosela.
- I-Ancistrus jellyfish. Inhlanzi yazalelwa emfuleni waseBrazil iTocantins. Igama lesayensi - Ancistrus ranunculus. Inokubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu: umlomo we-catfish unemifino efana nezintambo. Le ntshebe ezulazulayo iyizinzwa ezithintekayo. Baqamba igama lokuthi iSoma futhi bakwenza kwaba yisakhamuzi esifiselekayo samanzi asekhaya. I-Catfish ikhula ize ibe ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Inobuntu obunokuthula, yize ithanda ukudla kwezilwane.
- I-Ancistrus ejwayelekile. Izwe lasekhaya le-catfish yiPatagonia, isigodi saseRio Negro. Inhlanzi iyadla omnivorous, inkulu ngokwanele ezindaweni zasemanzini, ingakhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-20. Umbala uqine futhi uyinhle ngasikhathi sinye: ebumnyameni obumnyama kunamachashazi amaningi amhlophe amhlophe, amaphiko agcizelelwa umngcele omhlophe.
Izinduku ziyi-catfish engazidingi kakhulu, kepha zigcinwa kahle ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini
- Isishwapha seCatfish. Igama lakhe eliphakathi i-catfish encela i-acestridium noma i-Acestridium dichromum. Izwe lakubo le-whiptail yiVenezuela, izintela ezincane ze-Orinoco. Inhlanzi, enwetshiwe, inekhanda eliyisicaba. Ubude abudluli ku-6 cm. Isiqu se-caudal esinomphetho sifana nesiswebhu, isiswebhu. Isula ulwelwe olungezansi ezindongeni ze-aquarium ngenkomishi yalo yokuncela. Kepha lokhu akwenele ukondla izinhlanzi. Ukudla okwengeziwe okuluhlaza kuyadingeka.
- Zebra pleco. Igama lesistimu yi-Hypancistrus zebra. Enye yezinhlanzi ezikhanga kakhulu ezihlala ezindaweni zasemanzini zasekhaya. Le ngubo iqukethe ukushintshana kwemivimbo emnyama futhi elula. Ekuqaleni yayivela eBrazil, imifula nemifudlana egelezela eXingu, umfudlana wase-Amazon. Izinhlanzi zi-omnivorous, zingaphambi kwesikhathi, kepha zinokuthula impela. Ikhula ize ifike ku-8 cm.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
I-Aquarium catfish noma ngabe ungowaluphi uhlobo, kuyinhlanzi engathobekile. Kepha ukucabangela izici ezithile kuyadingeka. Okokuqala, lobu ubukhulu be-aquarium. Izinhlanzi eziningi ze-catfish azidluli ubude obungu-7 cm, kepha kukhona imidondoshiya engamamitha amahlanu, ngamazinga we-aquarium. Lokho wukuthi, ivolumu yasendlini efanelekile ilungele abanye, kanti abanye bazodinga indawo yokuhlala yamakhemikhali amaningi.
Zonke ezinye izidingo zezinhlanzi ziyefana. Kwi-catfish enkulu nencane, indawo yokuhlala ibalulekile. Lokhu kungokhuni lwe-drift, amatshe, izimbiza zobumba nokunye okunjalo. I-substrate iyisihlabathi noma amatshe amancane Azikho izingxenyana ezincane, ngaphandle kwalokho i-catfish emba phansi izodaka amanzi. Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingahluka phakathi kuka-22-28 ° C.
Kweminye imingcele, akukho ukweqisa: ubunzima obuphansi kuya obulinganiselayo kanye ne-asidi engathathi hlangothi. I-Catfish, njengabahlali abaphansi, ayidingi ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukugeleza kwamanzi, i-aeration nokwengeza njalo kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuyadingeka kubo bonke abahlali be-aquarium, kufaka phakathi i-catfish.
Izinhlanzi ezincane, i-catfish enkulu ingaphanjaniswa nokudla
Ukuhambisana kwe-Aquarium
Ngaphambi kokuxazulula i-catfish endaweni yokuhlala ejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthola ubunjalo bayo. ICatfish imvamisa inentshisekelo kubahlali bezitezi eziphansi ze-aquarium. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, i-fish catfish inokuthula. Baningi abazingelayo, ngakho babheka omakhelwane babo njengokudla. Kukhona abanakekeli abanolaka bezindawo zabo. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo azihambelani kahle nabanye abantu. Lokho wukuthi, ezindabeni zokuhambisana, kudingeka indlela yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-aquarium catfish. Iningi labo likhiqiza ngempumelelo i-catfish yenzalo emasikweni. Umfutho wokuqalisa kwenqubo yokuzala yinhlanganisela yezici ezithile. Ukuba khona kwezembozo kuyisimo esijwayelekile. Izinga lokushisa elifanele nokugeleza kwamanzi amasha kungumfutho wenhlanzi ukuze ilungele ukuzala.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda angafika kwesigamu sesigidi. Umhlabathi ozalanayo yi-substrate noma iqabunga lesitshalo samanzi. ICatfish ayibonisi ukukhathazeka ngenzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Izenzo zokudla abantu kungenzeka. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Bese kuvela izibungu.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aquarium catfish, ngayinye inezici zayo zokuzala. Ama-aquarist ama-amateur awayifundanga inqubo yokuthola inzalo ngaphezulu kwengxenye yezinhlobo ze-catfish. Izilwane ezincane zikhiqizwa emapulazini ezinhlanzi, zakha izimo ezikhethekile futhi zisebenzisa izidakamizwa zehomoni.
Imvamisa, i-catfish ebanjwe endle iza ezitolo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ivelaphi, ukuqapha kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwenze izinhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini zaphila isikhathi eside. Ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani i-aquarium catfish, ayikho enye inhlanzi ezohlala. Ama-specimens amakhulu angaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala.
Intengo
Ukwehlukahluka kwe-aquarium catfish kukhulisa amanani ahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo eziningi sezinesikhathi eside zakhiwe ezimeni zezimboni.Amashabhu wokukhiqiza izinhlanzi e-Aquarium, agcwele amakhulu ama-aquariums, anikezela ngezigidi zamafry ezitolo. ngakho-ke Intengo ye-aquarium catfish kwamukeleka.
I-Catfish emndenini wephaseji iqala uhambo lwayo lwamanani kusuka kuma-ruble angama-50. Ama-Synodontise anenani elingaphezu kwama-ruble ayi-100. Futhi inhlanzi enhle efana ne-red-tailed catfish ishibhile kunama-ruble angama-200. kunzima ukuthola. Okusho ukuthi, ungakhetha inhlanzi evumelana nomnikazi ngokubukeka kwayo nentengo yayo.
