I-Tench - Carp fish, umhlali wendabuko emifuleni nasemachibini. Kukholakala ukuthi le nhlanzi yaqanjwa igama ngenxa ye-molt enemibandela: i-tench ebanjiwe iyoma bese i-mucus evale umzimba wayo iyawa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama lenhlanzi livela esenzweni ukuze unamathele, okungukuthi, kusukela ekuncikeni komfinyela ofanayo.
Indawo yokuzalwa yomugqa ingabhekwa njengamachibi aseYurophu. Kusuka eYurophu, izinhlanzi zasakazeka emifuleni nasemachibini aseSiberia, kuze kufike eLake Baikal. Kutholakale ngokuhlukana eCaucasus nase-Asia Ephakathi. ULin wayevame ukuhanjiswa kwenye indawo. Kwethulwa emizimbeni yamanzi eNyakatho Afrika, eNdiya, e-Australia.
Incazelo nezici
Ubuntu bale nhlanzi buqala ibukeka kanjani i-tench... Izikali zalo azikhanyi ngesiliva nensimbi, kepha zibukeka zifana nethusi eliluhlaza okotshani. Phezulu okumnyama, izinhlangothi ezilula, ngisho nesisu esilula. Ububanzi bombala - kusuka kokuluhlaza kuye kobhedu nokusuka kokumnyama kuye komnqumo - kuya ngendawo yokuhlala.
Umzimba onemibala engajwayelekile ugcwaliswa ngamehlo abomvu amancane. Amaphiko ayindilinga nomlomo ojiyile unamathisela umuzwa womzimba oyinyama we-tench. Kusukela emakhoneni omlomo kulenga izimpondo ezincane, isici sezinye izidumbu.
Isici esivelele se-tench inani elikhulu le-mucus elifihliwe yizindlala eziningi, ezincane ezitholakala ngaphansi kwezikali. Lin esithombeni ngenxa yalesi slime, kubukeka, njengoba abadobi besho, ukuthuka. I-Mucus - imfihlo ye-viscoelastic - imboza umzimba wazo zonke izinhlanzi. Abanye banokuningi, abanye banokuncane. U-Lin ungumpetha phakathi kwama-cyprinids enani le-mucus engaphezulu.
ULin uyatholakala ezindaweni ezingenayo i-oxygen, kodwa ezicebile ngama-parasites kanye nama-bacterial pathogenic. Umzimba we-tench uphendula izinsongo ezivela emvelweni ngokufihla amafinyila - ama-glycoprotein, noma, njengoba la makhemikhali ebizwa manje, amafinyila. Lezi zinhlanganisela zamangqamuzana ezinamaprotheni zidlala indima enkulu yokuvikela.
Ukungaguquguquki kwe-mucus kufana ne-gel. Iyakwazi ukugeleza njengoketshezi, kodwa ikwazi ukumelana nomthwalo othile njengesiqinile. Lokho kuvumela i-tench ukuba ibalekele hhayi kuphela kuma-parasites, ukugwema ukulimala lapho ibhukuda phakathi kwama-snag, ngezinga elithile, ukumelana namazinyo ezinhlanzi ezidlayo.
I-Mucus inezindawo zokuphulukisa futhi iyi-antibiotic yemvelo. Abadobi bathi izinhlanzi ezilimele, ngisho namaphakethe, zigcoba i-tench ukuze zelaphe izilonda. Kepha lezi zindaba zifana nezinganekwane zokudoba. Akukho ukuqinisekiswa okuthembekile kwezindaba ezinjalo.
Ukuhamba okuphansi, ukuqhuma okufushane kokudla, ukungafuni ikhwalithi yamanzi nenani lomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe kuwo, ukuphulukisa isikhwehlela kuyizinto zecebo lokusinda. Ngezimpikiswano ezinamandla kangaka emzabalazweni wempilo, i-tench ayizange ibe yinhlanzi ejwayelekile kakhulu, ingaphansi kwesibalo esilingana ne-carp yakhona.
Izinhlobo
Ngokombono we-systematic yezinto eziphilayo, i-tench isondelene kakhulu nezinhlanzi zekhadinali. Ihambisana nabo emndenini owodwa - iTincinae. Igama lesayensi lohlobo lookhadinali: Tanichthys. Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane zokufunda zaziwa kakhulu ngama-aquarists. Ukusondelana komndeni, uma uthi nhlá, akubonakali.
Kepha ososayensi bathi i-morphology kanye nokwakheka kwalezi zinhlanzi kuyafana kakhulu. I-Lin ingathathwa njengomkhiqizo ophumelelayo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lokhu kufakazelwa ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo, bekholelwa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-Lin (igama lohlelo: Tinca) luqukethe uhlobo olulodwa lweTinca tinca futhi aluhlukaniswanga ngezinhlobo ezingaphansi.
Kuyisimo esingajwayelekile lapho inhlanzi, esabalele ezindaweni ezinkulu, ingazange ibhekane nokuguqulwa kwemvelo okunzima, nezinhlobo eziningana zingaveli ohlotsheni lwayo. Izinhlobo ezifanayo zinganikeza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Lesi sigaba sithambekele kakhulu kunesayensi. Kodwa-ke, abalimi bezinhlanzi bahlukanisa amafomu amathathu womugqa:
- ichibi,
- umfula,
- ichibi.
Ziyahluka ngosayizi - izinhlanzi ezihlala emachibini zincane kakhulu. Nekhono lokuhlala emanzini angenawo umoya-mpilo - ulayini womfula okufuna kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezintsha ze-tench ziyavela ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo phakathi kwabanikazi bamachibi angasese, okuhlobisa.
Abalimi bezinhlanzi-izakhi zofuzo ngezinjongo ezinjalo zishintsha ukubukeka kwezinhlanzi, zakha umugqa wemibala ehlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, amafomu e-tench enziwe ngabantu avela, azalwa ngenxa yempumelelo yesayensi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Tench — inhlanzi amanzi angenasawoti. Ayibekezeleli ngisho namanzi anosawoti kancane. Akayithandi imifula esheshayo enamanzi apholile. Amachibi, amachibi, imifula emikhulu egcwele umhlanga yizindawo eziyizintandokazi, ama-biotopes we-tench. U-Lin uyawathanda amanzi ashisayo. Amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 ° C anethezeke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqabukela kuya ekujuleni, ikhetha amanzi angajulile.
Ukuhlala phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini nokufinyelela okungajwayelekile emanzini ahlanzekile kuyindlela enkulu yokuziphatha kwe-tench. Amahora wokudla ekuseni angabhekwa njengesikhathi lapho izinhlanzi zisebenza ngandlela thile. Isikhathi esisele, i-tench incamela ukuhamba kancane, kwesinye isikhathi ngababili noma ngeqembu elincane, ngokukhetha ngobuvila izilwane ezincane ezivela ku-substrate. Kukhona ukucabanga ukuthi ubuvila buyisisekelo segama lale nhlanzi.
Ukuhlala emanzini amancane kwafundisa inhlanzi indlela yokuziphatha ekhethekile ebusika. Ngokuqala kweqhwa, imigqa ingena odakeni. I-metabolism emzimbeni wabo yehliswe yaba ubuncane. Isimo esifana ne-hibernation (hibernation) singena. Ngakho-ke, olayini bangasinda ebusika obunzima kakhulu, lapho ichibi liba yiqhwa phansi kuthi zonke izinhlanzi zife.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Izindawo zokuhlala i-tench zicebile nge-detritus. Lokhu kuyinto efile ephilayo, izinhlayiya ezincane zezitshalo, izilwane, ezisesigabeni sokubola kokugcina. I-Detritus yikudla okuyinhloko kwezibungu ze-tench.
Imigqa ekhulele esigabeni sokuthosa yengeza ukubhukuda kwamahhala izilwane ezincane kakhulu, okungukuthi, i-zooplankton, ekudleni kwazo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, leli thuba lifika ezintweni eziphilayo ezihlala ezansi, noma engxenyeni engenhla ye-substrate, okungukuthi, i-zoobenthos.
Inani le-zoobenthos landa ngokukhula. Ezingqimbeni ezingezansi, ama-tench gazinga akhetha izibungu zezinambuzane, izingwe ezincane nezinye izakhamuzi ezingabonakali zemizimba yamanzi. Ukubaluleka kwe-detritus ekudleni kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka kuyancipha, kepha izitshalo zasemanzini ziyavela ekudleni futhi inani lama-mollusks liyanda.
Izinhlanzi ezindala, njenge-tench yentsha, zinamathela ekudleni okuxubekile. Abahlali abaphansi abancane, izibungu zomiyane nama-molluscs bakhona ekudleni kwe-tench njengotshani obusemanzini. Isilinganiso esiphakathi kwamaprotheni nokudla okuluhlaza cishe siyi-3 kuye ku-1, kepha singahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomzimba wamanzi lapho kutholakala khona lesi sibalo se-tench.
I-tench ikhombisa umsebenzi wokudla ngenkathi efudumele. Intshisekelo ekudleni iyakhula ngemuva kokuzala. Emini, i-tench iphakela ngokungalingani, inikela ikakhulukazi ngamahora asekuseni ekudleni. Isondela ngemuva ngokucophelela, ayikhombisi ukuhaha okulambile.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengoba amanzi efudumala, ngoMeyi, imigqa iqala ukunakekela inzalo. Ngaphambi kokuzala, isifiso se-tench siyancipha. U-Lin uyayeka ukuba nentshisekelo ngokudla futhi uzingcwaba odakeni. Kusukela lapho kuvela ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 bese iya ezindaweni zokuzala.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, i-tench ayishintshi imikhuba yayo, futhi ithola izindawo ezithandayo kunoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi sempilo yayo. Lawa angamachibi athule, angajulile, ambozwe uhlaza lwasemanzini. Izitshalo ezivela kuhlobo lwe-Rdesta, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, ipea, zihlonishwa kakhulu.
I-tench izala inganakwa. Insikazi ihambisana nabesilisa abayi-2-3. Amaqembu akhiwa ngeminyaka. Inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nokukhulelwa kuqala kwenziwa ngabantu abancane. Iqembu lomndeni, ngemuva kwamahora amaningana lokuhamba ndawonye, liqhubekela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-grater. Ukuxhumana okuminyene kwenhlanzi kusiza insikazi ukuthi isuse amaqanda, kuthi owesilisa akhulule ubisi.
Umuntu wesifazane okhulile, okhule kahle angakhipha amaqanda afinyelela kuma-350,000. Lawa mabhola anamathelayo, aguquguqukayo, aluhlaza awodwa. Banamathela emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini bese bewela ku-substrate. Owesifazane oyedwa usebenzisa imijikelezo emibili yokuzala.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi zeminyaka ehlukene aziqali ukuzala ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ngenxa yendlela ephindwe kabili yokukhululwa kwamaqanda, isikhathi sokuzala sonke siyandiswa. Imibungu ye-Tench ikhula ngokushesha. Izibungu zivela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-3-7.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokumisa ukufukamela izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lingaphansi kuka-22 ° C. Iziphungumangathi ezisindayo zenza isiqalo esivunguvungu empilweni. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ziphenduka izinhlanzi ezigcwele ngokugcwele ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-200 g.
Intengo
Amachibi enziwe ngabantu angenye yemininingwane ebalulekile yezindawo ezihlonishwayo ezizimele. Umnikazi wokuheha emanzini ufuna izinhlanzi zitholakale echibini lakhe. Omunye wabaphikisi bokuqala bokuphila echibini yi-tench.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamapulazi ezinhlanzi osayizi abahlukahlukene agxile kulimo lwekhaphethi. Kunenzuzo kwezomnotho ukuthenga i-tench yentsha, ukuyikhulisa futhi uyithengise emakethe yezinhlanzi. Inani lentengo yenhlanzi ukuzalanisa nokukhulisa kuya ngosayizi wabantu, kusuka kuma-ruble ayi-10 kuye kwayi-100 gazinga ngalinye.
Ekuthengiseni, inhlanzi entsha efriziwe efriziwe inikezwa ngama-ruble ayi-120 - 150 nge-kg. Ama-chill, okungukuthi, ama-tench asanda kubanjwa athengiswa ngama-ruble angaphezu kwama-500. ngekhilogremu ngayinye.
Ngale ntengo, banikela ngokuletha futhi i-tench yenhlanzi ehlanzekile... ILin akulula ukuyithola ezitolo zethu zezinhlanzi. Lo mkhiqizo wokudla okunekhalori eliphansi awusazukuthandwa.
Ukubamba i-tench
Akukho ukubanjwa kokuhweba kwe-tench, noma kungamanani alinganiselwe. Izinhlanzi ze-amateur ezinenjongo ukubamba i-tench ithuthukiswe kahle. Yize, enqubeni yokudoba kwasekhaya kwale nhlanzi, amarekhodi ayabekwa. Badumile.
I-tench enkulu kunazo zonke ebanjwe eRussia yayinesisindo esingu-5 kg. Ubude bayo babungu-80 cm.Irekhodi lafakwa ngo-2007, eBashkiria, ngenkathi kudotshwa echibini lasePavlovsk. Irekhodi lomhlaba liphethwe yisakhamuzi saseBrithani uDarren Ward. Ngo-2001, wakhipha i-tench enesisindo esingaphansi kancane kuka-7 kg.
Izindawo zokuhlala nemikhuba ye-tench kulawula ukukhetha yini ongayibamba nge-tench, izinto zokudoba, izindawo zokubhukuda. Isikebhe esinejubane asidingeki ukubamba le nhlanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikebhe sokugwedla kunesizathu esihle kakhulu njengesikebhe esintantayo. I-tench ivame ukubanjwa ogwini noma emabhulohweni.
Induku yokuntanta iyithuluzi elijwayeleke kakhulu lokubamba i-tench. Amakhoyili, i-inertia noma i-non-inertia, angazikhethela. Ukudoba kwenzeka ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwalawa madivayisi. Imvamisa, kufakwa intambo yokudoba elula, elula, lapho kutholakala khona ulayini wokudoba.
Umugqa wokudoba ukhethwa uqinile. IMonofilament 0.3-0.35 mm ilungele njengomugqa omkhulu. I-monofilament encane encane ilungele i-leash: 0.2-0.25 mm. I-Hook No. 5-7 izoqinisekisa ukubanjwa kwanoma yisiphi isayizi tench. Iflothi likhethiwe libucayi. Ngokucabangela izakhiwo zokubhukuda, ama-pellets ajwayelekile ama-2-3 afakwa njengesisindo.
I-tench iphakela ekujuleni okujulile, phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini. Lokhu kunquma lapho kubanjwa khona. Inguquko kusuka emanzini acwebile kuya emahlathini aluhlaza asogwini yindawo enhle kakhulu yokudlala i-tench. Ngaphambi kokwenza i-cast yakho yokuqala, nakekela kahle i-groundbait.
Izingxube ezilungiselelwe i-bream noma i-carp zivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithiyelo. Ukuze ugweme ukuheha izinhlanzi ezincane, ingxube akufanele ibe nezingxenyana "ezinothuli". Ukuxolela okwenziwe ngemvuthuluka yesinkwa, okusanhlamvu okufuthwayo ngokufakwa kwesibungu esiqotshiwe noma isibungu segazi ngeke kusasebenza kabi kunomkhiqizo ophelile othengiwe.
Abanye abadobi basebenzisa ukudla kwekati okwenziwe ngomumo njengengxenye enkulu yokudla. Kwengezwa izimpethu noma izikelemu zegazi. I-Tench ivame ukulingwa nge-cottage shizi. Ingxenye yesisindo sesiheho esenziwe nguwe yinhlabathi evuthayo ethathwe echibini lapho kuzodotshwa khona inhlanzi. Kunoma ikuphi, izindlela eziningi zokupheka zisuselwa olwazini lwezimpawu zenhlanzi ezikulechibi.
Imvamisa izinhlanzi zondliwa ngaphambi nje kokuba kuqale ukudotshwa. Isimo sihlukile nge-tench enamahloni. Indawo yokudoba esikhathini esizayo ibhekwa kusengaphambili. Ekudobeni okuzayo kusihlwa, kulahlwa izigaxa eziminyene kulezi zindawo, ngethemba lokuthi i-tench ehamba ezindleleni zamanzi iyanuka.
Ekuseni, kuqala ukudoba nge-tench. Umdobi akadingi amakhono akhethekile, into esemqoka ukubekezela. Izikelemu zegazi, izimpethu, izikelemu ezivamile zisebenza njengodobo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa okusanhlamvu nembewu eshubile. Kusetshenziswa ummbila, uphizi, ibhali lamaparele.
U-Lin uthatha inzuzo ngokunakekela okukhulu, ethola ukuhleleka kwayo. Ngemuva kokunambitha isicupho, i-tench iluma ngokuzethemba, ikhukhula iflothi, iholele ohlangothini. Kwesinye isikhathi, njenge-bream, iphakamisa udobo, okwenza iflothi yehle. Inhlanzi ekhishiwe ayixhunywanga kakhulu, kodwa ngamandla.
Muva nje, indlela engezansi yokubamba i-tench ngosizo lwe-feeder ingene kumkhuba wabadobi. Le ndlela idinga induku ekhethekile nemishini engajwayelekile. Le yintambo noma ulayini one-feeder encane enamathiselwe ne-leash leash.
Ukusakaza okunzima nge-feeder ephelele kungasabisa i-tench esabekayo. Ochwepheshe bathi ngekhono elithile, lezi zindleko zehliselwa ku-zero. Ukudoba nge-feeder kukhangiswa kakhulu nge-tench futhi kungahle kwande kakhulu.
Ukulima okwenziwe nge-tench
Ukudoba izinhlanzi ze-carp kuvame ukuhlelwa emachibini lapho kugcinwa khona isitokwe, ikakhulukazi nge-tench. Ukulima kolayini, abagcwele amadamu noma abathumela emashalofini okugcina, kusebenza amapulazi ezinhlanzi.
Amapulazi akhiqiza ngokuzimela ama-tench gazinga aqukethe i-broodstock. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala, inqubo yokukhiqiza inzalo iqala. Sekusetshenziswa indlela esekwe imijovo ye-pituitary. Abesifazane asebefinyelele ebudaleni bajojowe ngendlala ye-carp pituitary.
Lo mjovo udala ukuqala kwe-ovulation. Ngemuva kosuku, ukuzala kuyenzeka. Ubisi luthathwa kwabesilisa futhi luhlanganiswe ne-caviar evelayo. Lapho-ke amaqanda ayafukanyelwa. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-75, izibungu ziyavela.
I-Tench iyinhlanzi ekhula kancane, kepha iphila ngaphandle kwe-aeration, enokuqukethwe okungabalulekile komoya-mpilo emanzini. Okwenza kube lula inqubo yokufuya izinhlanzi ezingathengiseka. Amapulazi ezinhlanzi asebenzisa amachibi adalwe yimvelo namathangi okufakelwa aqukethe i-tench kakhulu.
Idamu elinokuphakelwa okufakelwayo, ungathola cishe izinhlayiya eziyi-6-8 zezinhlanzi ehektheleni ngalinye. Emthonjeni wemvelo, ama-1-2 centents we-tench ehektheleni ngalinye angakhula ngaphandle kokufaka umquba okwengeziwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-tench iyakubekezelela ukuhamba kahle: endaweni enomswakama, cishe ngaphandle kwamanzi, ingahlala iphila amahora amaningana.
Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo, isiko le-tench alithuthuki kahle eRussia. Yize eYurophu, ibhizinisi lokukhiqizwa kwe-tench lihlwanyelwa ngempumelelo enkulu. ITench ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezihola phambili emanzini.
