Umuntu wanamuhla oyazisayo impilo yakhe unaka ngokukhethekile ukudla okulungile, okunomsoco. Amaminerali namavithamini atholakala enyameni yenhlanzi enza kube umkhiqizo obalulekile ekudleni kwethu. Inhlanzi ebomvu, ebhekwa ngokufanelekile, yaziwa njengewusizo kakhulu.
Omunye wabamele umndeni we-salmon ngu char izinhlanzi... Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezinenzuzo nezondlayo, lolu hlobo lokuphila emanzini ludume ngezici zalo zokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-char ithandwa ikakhulukazi hhayi kuphela kubapheki, kepha futhi ithole ukusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
Ososayensi-ichthyologists kuze kube yilolu suku baqhuba izingxoxo mayelana nomsuka we-char, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zayo, izici zendawo yokuhlala, njll. Ngakho-ke, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi alukakafundwa ngokuphelele.
Incazelo nezici
Isici esibonakala kakhulu seshadi yizikali zalo ezincane, ezingabonakali ngamehlo enyama. Iyashelela futhi ithambile, ngakho-ke kunikeza isithombe sokuthi inhlanzi ihamba ze. Ngakho-ke igama lommeleli womndeni wama-salmon. Char esithombeni kubukeka buheha futhi buhloniphekile, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi izinhlanzi zikhethekile, ngakho-ke azigcini nje ngokuhle, kodwa futhi ziwusizo.
Isici esihlukile esihlukanisa i-char kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibomvu inani elincane lamabhulethi amnyama emzimbeni, noma ukungabikho kwawo ngokuphelele. Ngokuya ngohlobo, kungahle kungabi namachashazi amnyama, kepha amhlophe, beige noma apinki, okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi lolu hlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi luphambi kwakho.
Futhi, isici seshadi uhlamvu lwaso: kungaba ukuhlala phansi noma ukufuduka. Ukufuduka kwezinye izinhlobo kucushiwe ngenkathi yokuzala. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le nhlanzi ithanda ukuba yodwa, kuyaqabukela kwakhiwa izikole. Ukubekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa amanzi aphansi, char ivame ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala. Kulokhu, inyama yabantu abahlala emanzini yashintsha umbala.
Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo, ngaphezu kwezici ezibalulwe ngenhla zalesi sakhamuzi sasemanzini, zonke izinhlobo zaso zinezici ezijwayelekile ezilandelayo:
- umzimba uqhutshwa, umise okwe-torpedo, osiza ukuhamba ngokushesha emanzini;
- ikhanda likhulu, amehlo ayalingana, abekwe phezulu;
- umsila osikiwe;
- umhlathi ongezansi uhlangene ngokuhlobene nengaphezulu, umlomo mkhulu;
- lapho kukhona amabala, zihlakazekile emzimbeni wonke;
- umbala oyinhloko wezinsimbi ezinosawoti isisu esilula, izinhlangothi zesiliva kanye nomhlane oluhlaza okotshani; emanzini angenasawoti, ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba ithola ama-hues aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afihla lowo muntu emanzini agobhozayo;
- ubukhulu be-char buxhomeke endaweni yokuhlala nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: abantu basolwandle bangafika kubude obufinyelela ku-1 m futhi babe nesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, amanzi asolwandle amancane - ngobude obufinyelela kuma-50 cm anesisindo esingu-1.5-2 kg. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa singafinyelela kuma-30 kg.
Loach inyama, uma nje ilungiswe kahle, ibizwa ngemikhiqizo edaywayo. Ukuze isidlo singabi esihlwabusayo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sibe nempilo, le nhlanzi kumele ibhekane nokwelashwa okufanelekile kokushisa.
Awukwazi ukonakalisa umkhiqizo obalulekile uma usebenzisa inqubo yokubhaka ku-foil noma nge-steam ebilayo ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwayo. Isisindo samathambo sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho lenhlanzi.
Izinhlobo
Indawo yokuhlala i-char iphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo ze-salmon zingenye yezinhlobo eziningi. Phakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu yilezi:
1. I-Arctic. Ngokusho kochthyologists, lokhu kuyizinhlobo zasendulo kakhulu ezisakazeke ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingenye yezinto ezibiza kakhulu. Ama-specimens makhulu kakhulu, anesisindo esingu-15-16 kg, futhi afinyelela ku-90 cm ubude. Umuntu onjalo ubhalwe ku-Red Book, ngakho-ke ukubanjwa kwayo akuvunyelwe.
2. I-Ozerny. Uhlobo oluhlala phansi olungajwayele ukufuduka. Inama-subspecies amaningana, ahluke ngosayizi nokondleka komunye nomunye. Isilinganiso sobude bomuntu singama-45 cm Isisindo esirekhodiwe se-lake char subspecies sifinyelela kuma-30 kg ngobude bomzimba obungu-150 cm.
3. URuchevoy. Lolu hlobo lwe-char luthanda ukukhula futhi lwande emifuleni emikhulu nasemifudlaneni yezintaba. Ikhula kancane, kepha inani labantu bakhona likhulu kangangokuba laqala ukukhipha inhlanzi kule mizimba yamanzi. Ama-subspecies alolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi yi-tiger char, okuthi, ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, yavela ngenxa yokuwela umuntu ohlala emanzini okukhulunywa ngaye kanye ne-trout.
4. IPacific (iKamchatka). Abantu balezi zinhlobo bakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso i-10 kg, bahlukaniswa ne-arctic ngombala. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njenge-anadromous - ngesikhathi sokuzala, ikati leKamchatka liqala ukufuduka okukhulu liye emifuleni nasemachibini anamanzi angenasawoti.
5. UBoganidsky. Ngokusho kososayensi baseSiberia, lolu hlobo lweshadi lubonwa njengenye yezinto ezizuzisa kakhulu ngenxa yenani eliphezulu le-omega acid enyameni yalo. Inombolo yayo incane, ngakho-ke akuvamile neze ukuhlangabezana nezinhlanzi ezinjalo.
6. Amadevu (avdyushka). I-char ingeka-oda we-carps, itholakala emifuleni emincane, emachibini nasemachibini, lapho kukhona khona phansi kwesihlabathi nokugeleza kwamanzi okusheshayo. Izinhlanzi ezincane azifinyeleli ku-20 cm ubude. Isici esihlukile salezi zinhlobo ukuba khona kwezimpondo eziphindwe kathathu. Ngaphambi kobusika, i-avdyushka igobhoza ingene ngaphansi kwesihlabathi esingezansi, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukuyibamba ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, kukhona futhi i-char char, i-char, i-davatchan, i-Dolly Varden char, njll. Ngaphandle kokuthi abanye abantu bachitha impilo yabo yonke emanzini olwandle anosawoti, le nhlanzi ayinakubizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi zasolwandle. Isizathu salokhu iqiniso lokuthi umhlali wasemanzini akabiwa kude nolwandle, kepha kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe uthanda ukuba semlonyeni womfula asuka kuwo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Char inhlanzi ngohlobo lwayo, umlimi ngamunye, kuyaqabukela kwakheka imihlambi. Abantu balolu hlobo lwe-salmon abathobekile emazingeni okushisa aphansi amanzi, ngakho-ke indawo yabo yokuhlala iyizindikimba zamanzi enyakatho ekude.
Umzingeli ubekezelela kalula ushintsho kumazinga kasawoti, okwenza ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zifuduke zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye. Ukukhethwa kwetshathi ekudleni nakho kunomthelela esilinganisweni esiphakeme sokusinda; ngempumelelo engalinganayo ingadla kuzo zombili izinto eziphilayo, izibonakalise njengesilwane esidla inyama, nezitshalo zasemanzini.
Indawo yokuhlala i-char ibanzi impela. Efuna ukutholakala kokudla, uyaqhubeka "nohambo", ethutha amabanga amade esuka echibini lakhe lokuzalwa. ERussia, izinhlobo ze-salmon ezicatshangelwayo zivame ukutholakala eNtshonalanga Siberia, emigodini yeBaikal nase-Amur, naseTrans-Urals Territory.
Abadobi baphawula ukuthi emifuleni nasemachibini amancane imifudlana yezintaba i-char iyaphila okulingene. Abantu abanesisindo esivamile bajwayelekile emigodini yamachibi amakhulu, futhi abazishiyi izindawo ezizalela amabanga amade.
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-char ukuthi izibonelo ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile, njengomthetho, ziya olwandle ukuzala, futhi labo abakhule emanzini anosawoti bavame ukubeka amaqanda emizimbeni yamanzi amasha. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-lake char, ehlala phansi futhi izale lapho ikhule khona.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ubuhle bale nhlanzi iqiniso lokuthi ayinakulinganiswa ekudleni. Njengoba sezifinyelele eminyakeni engama-2-3, izakhamuzi zasemanzini zalesi zinhlobo ziqala ukuhlasela ukudla, lapho zizibonakalisa njengezidliwayo ezisebenzayo. Badonswa yi-cod encane, i-capelin, i-pollock, i-gerbil, i-goby, i-smelt, njll. I-char ayenqabi kusuka kuma-crustaceans amancane, ama-molluscs nezibungu zamanzi, izinambuzane.
Ngaphandle kokuthi kubhekwa njengenhlanzi ethanda ukuba wedwa, ngesikhathi sokudla, izidalwa zihlangana ezikoleni (ezikoleni). Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukuzingela futhi kusindisa ekuhlaselweni izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, isizukulwane esisha se-char sihlala singaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuvikelwa kwabantu abadala. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwandeni kwezinga lokusinda lezinhlobo.
Ngenxa yekhono eliyingqayizivele le-char lokulawula izinqubo zokugaya ukudla, kanye nosayizi omangalisayo wamathumbu, okuthi, ngokuzingela okuphumelelayo, kugcwaliswe ngomthamo, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, impilo yakhe nesisindo sakhe ngeke kushintshe nganoma iyiphi indlela.
Ukuhluka kweshadi nakho kukwazi ukukhulula ngenkani isikhala esiswini somzimba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokukhathaza kokufuduka kokuzalela kuhlangene nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, i-char ilahlekelwa ngamandla ayo futhi iqala ukufa ngobuningi.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuqala kokuzala red fish char iwela maphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli, iphele ngoMeyi-Juni. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlasela izilwane ziqala ukuzala eduze nasekwindla. Ubudala babantu abavuthiwe buyiminyaka emi-3-5. Lesi sici sincike ekubekweni kwendawo nasendaweni yokuhlala i-char.
Abamele umndeni wakwa-salmon abahlala emithonjeni yamanzi angenasawoti bakhetha amanzi angajulile, imifudlana noma imisele yokuzala enganikeza inzalo yesikhathi esizayo i-oxygen eyanele.
Ama-chars ashukumisayo asolwandle ashiya izindawo zawo ezihlanzekile futhi ayozala emifuleni nasemachibini ngamanzi amasha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ababoni zingqinamba noma kungaphesheya komfula, noma endaweni engalingani phansi.
I-char ikhetha izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ezindaweni zokuzala. Ezinye izinhlobo zizalela ngqo esihlabathini, emadwaleni noma ematsheni emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, abesilisa nabesifazane bashintsha umbala wabo ukuze bahehe ohlangothini oluhlukile. Kwezinye izinhlobo ze-char, uhlevane nokuqhuma kuvela engxenyeni engaphandle yesikali.
Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekuhlelweni "kwesidleke", ekhipha ikhefu emhlabathini ngomsila wakhe. Lapho, ubeka amaqanda anombala osawolintshi noma obomvu, u-4-5 mm lilinye. Ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhulelwa kwamaqanda owesilisa, owesifazane ngokuzimela uzumeka ekucindezelekeni, akhe ukuphakama okuncane. Isizukulwane sokuqala esisha sivela ekuqaleni kwekwindla noma entwasahlobo (kuya ngohlobo lwe-char). Idla izidalwa ezincane ezihlala ezansi kwedamu.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlanzi roe char inenani elikhulu lokudla okunempilo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla amabhizinisi amaningi enza ukulinywa okufakelwayo kwalomzingeli. Kodwa-ke, i-caviar kuphela etholwe kubantu abahola indlela engokwemvelo, yokuphila yemvelo eletha inzuzo enkulu.
Isikhathi sokuphila seshadi iminyaka engu-7. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zayo ezinjenge-arctic zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12. Umuntu mdala, kulapho eba yisandla esisodwa, uyenqaba ukujoyina imihlambi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokufuna ukudla.
Ukudoba uChar
Abadobi ezinkundleni bavame ukuhlanganyela empumelelweni yabo ekudobeni amashishi. Emva kwakho konke, lesi sidlakela siyisisulu esifiselekayo ngasinye. Ngokwabelana ngezincomo, abachwepheshe bezingcweti bayeluleka ukudoba i-char sebenzisa isipuni, esikhangayo kakhulu kumhlali odla isakhi samanzi. Uma kusetshenziswa induku ejwayelekile yokuntanta, kuyalulekwa ukusebenzisa izibopho zezinhlanzi, isibungu njengesithiyelo.
Isikhathi esihle sokudoba i-char ukushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho umhlaseli eqala ukufuna ukudla, abambe izinambuzane eziwela ebusweni bamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezipholile, kungcono ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingezansi zokudoba - umhlaseli ngalesi sikhathi usondele ezansi isikhathi esilinganiselwe, lapho efuna khona izibungu, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, njll ekufuneni ukudla.
Ukulawulwa, isiheho kanye nesithiyelo seshadi kumele kukhethwe, kugxilwe esikhathini sonyaka, isici sedamu, uhlobo lwezinhlobo eziphilayo lapho. Abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bancoma ukusebenzisa umshini wokuluma oheha izinhlanzi ngosizo lwama-pheromone akhethekile enza ukuthi isilwane sidle. Kulokhu, kunamathuba onke okubamba indebe ebikade ilindelwe.
Inhlanzi okunye kokudla okufanele kube ekudleni kwawo wonke umuntu. Izinhlanzi ezimnandi ze-char kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokudla okungeke nje kulethe injabulo yokupheka, kodwa futhi kugcwalise umzimba ngama-microelements awusizo. Lo mhlaseli, obanjwe ngesandla sakhe, uletha injabulo ekhethekile. Akusona isihawu ukuchitha isikhathi noma amandla kulokhu.
