Inja ye-hyena ingeyomndeni we-canine begazi, uhlobo lweLycaon, okuwukuphela kohlobo lwayo. Igama lesiLatini (i-Lycaon pictus) lakhiwa ngamagama ama-2 - i-Greek Lycaon elisho ukuthi "impisi" kanye ne-Latin pictus - ehlotshisiwe noma ependiwe.
Leli gama lanikezwa inja yempisi ngenxa yesikhumba sayo esinezinhlobonhlobo, embozwe ngamabala amnyama, anesihlabathi (abomvu ngokukhanyayo) nomhlophe, alingani ngokuma nangosayizi, futhi atholakala ngendlela exakile kangangokuthi, njengoba kuphawuliwe, akunakwenzeka ukuthola abantu ababili abadwetshwe ngokufanayo.
Incazelo yesilwane
Ngaphandle kwegama - impisi - le nja ayifani neze nempisi, noma ngesakhiwo somzimba, noma ngebala. Isihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu yimpisi ebomvu edabuka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Impisi nenja yempisi ngisho bangabemindeni ehlukene - i-hyena (i-suborder feline) nama-canine, ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwezilwane ezizingelayo zezwe elisenyakatho, inja ihlobene nempisi, i-coyote ne-jackal.
Inja yempisi - isilwane mncane, womile, unciphile, ukhula ubuna ufike kuma-77 cm nobude obukhulu bomzimba obungu-1.3-1.5 m, lapho umsila uthatha ufike ku-0.4 m. Unemilenze ephakeme, eqinile emvumela ukuba agijime ngokushesha. Emilenzeni yangaphambili, izinzwane ezine.
Isilwane sinesisindo esisuka ku-18 kuye ku-36 kg, umehluko omkhulu kangako uchazwa iqiniso lokuthi isisindo somuntu olambile futhi osuthi kahle singahluka ngo-9 kg. Yilokho okungadliwa yisilwane ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izinja zempisi eziduna nezinsikazi zicishe zingahlukani, owesilisa mkhulu nje kancane.
Uboya balezi zinja bufushane, buyingcosana, kwezinye izindawo isikhumba siyabonakala ngaso, simahaba. Iphethini yamabala ayihlukile kuphela esilwaneni ngasinye, kepha futhi ihlukile ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Isendlalelo singaba mnyama noma mhlophe, izindawo ezimnyama ezikhanyayo noma ezikhanyayo zisakazeke kuso, ezikhanyayo zihlala zinomngcele omnyama. Kukhona izilwane ezimnyama ngokuphelele.
Ikhanda likhulu ngokwedlulele, linomlomo omfishane futhi obuthuntu. Izindlebe ezinkulu nezindilinga, kanye nesifonyo emehlweni, ezinjeni kuvame ukuba mnyama, phakathi kwamehlo kukhona umugqa omnyama omncane, oqhubeka ngemuva kwekhanda nangemuva. Lonke ikhanda, intamo namahlombe kusabomvu ngokubomvu, amehlo ansundu.
Isikhumba sezinja ze-hyena sinezindlala ezigcina imfihlo, sizinikeze iphunga elibonakalayo le-musky. Umsila ubumbekile, uphuzi ezansi, umnyama phakathi, umhlophe ekugcineni, umude, ufinyelela ezansi emaholweni. Imidlwane yezinja zeHyena zizalwa zimnyama zinamabala amancane amhlophe, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni, okuphuzi kuvela ezinamasonto ayisikhombisa ubudala.
Izinja zempisi zinezwi eliphakeme kakhulu. Bayamemeza, bayophuma bayozingela, bayakwazi ukukhonkotha, ukugquma, ukukhipha imisindo efana nezinkawu, imidlwane ikhamise, ifuna ukunakwa ngunina noma ezinye izihlobo zabo. Inja yezimpisi esithombeni - ummeleli ojwayelekile wohlobo lwayo.
Lapho uhlala khona
Izinja zempisi zihlala eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, ikakhulu endle, ezindaweni ezingathuthukisiwe noma eziqiwini zikazwelonke zaseNamibia, iZimbabwe, i-Uganda, iTanzania, iSwaziland, iKenya, iNingizimu Afrika, iBotswana, iMozambique. INingizimu Afrika ihlala kuhhafu wesibalo setilwane tonkhe. Yize phambilini uhla lwalezi zinja lwalubanzi, babehlala endaweni eyi-savanna kusuka emngceleni oseningizimu ye-Algeria neSudan kuya eningizimu yezwekazi uqobo.
Namuhla, izinja zihlala ikakhulukazi ema-savanna, ama-semi-desert steppes, namathafa asendle. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ezingatholakali ehlathini lase-Afrika. Inani labantu alilingani, kwezinye izindawo izinja zivela kaningi, kwezinye, kunalokho, kuyaqabukela. Lokhu kungachazwa ukuthi balandela izilwane abazidlayo, behamba nabo ezweni lonke.
Inja yezimpisi - uhlobo olungavamile olubhalwe encwadini ebomvu njengesihlobo esinganyamalala. Inani eliphelele lezinja liyi-3-5.5,000, inani elijwayelekile labantu bomhlambi owodwa lingama-dazini ayi-2-3, yize ngaphambili bekuyikhulu noma ngaphezulu.
Ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nenani labantu kuhlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yabantu, izifo ezithathelwanayo (amarabi, izinja ezitholwa yizinja ezifuywayo, kufaka phakathi) nokudubula okungalawulwa okwenziwa abalimi bendawo. Abantu abaningi bafa lapho behlaselwa amakati amakhulu - izingulule namabhubesi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinja azivamile ukuzingela zodwa, ikakhulukazi zihlangana emhlambini wabantu abayi-10-30, ngakho-ke ukuzingela kwazo kuphumelela kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izilwane zanda, zizethemba ngokwengeziwe. Ukuzingela izinja zempisi idlula kakhulu ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ingavami kakhulu ebusuku, ngoba iqondiswa kakhulu ngokubona, hhayi ngephunga.
Yize izinzwa, njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, zenza umsebenzi wazo kahle - izinja zikuzwa kahle konke ukunuka, zizwa imisindo kude kakhulu futhi zibone ebumnyameni. Konke lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwabo njalo.
Umhlambi wezinja zefisi ayikaze ibe sendaweni eyodwa, kuphela insikazi ephawula insimu ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lapho ukudla kuntuleka, izilwane ziya endaweni entsha. Lapha, bazama ngokushesha ukuxosha ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezingaba izimbangi zazo.
Kunezimo lapho izinja zihlasela amabhubesi kanye nama-panther, ngisho nezilwane ezinkulu nezinamandla kangaka azikwazi ukubhekana nephakethe elikhulu lezinja. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nenja eyodwa yabantu abadala enempilo ingashayela ibulale inyamazane ephakathi nendawo.
Njengezimpisi, izinja zempisi zingalandela amabhubesi futhi zidle ukudla ezikushiyayo. Kepha, ngokungafani nezimpisi, basazizingela kaningi. Ukuziphatha kwenja yempisi ayinalo ulaka kubantu, abahlaseli kuqala, amacala angawodwa okuhlaselwa achazwe iqiniso lokuthi isilwane salimala. Kepha bangazulazula ezindaweni zokuhlala futhi babulale imfuyo, njengezimvu noma izimbuzi, yize kungavamile ukwenza lokhu. Abathandi amakati nezinja, bavele bagijimele kuzo bazidabule.
Badlani
Isici sesici sezinja ze-hyena yimhlathi enamandla kanye nama-molars amakhulu, aphakeme kunamazinyo amanye ama-canine. Bangakwazi ukuququda izinja ngisho namathambo amakhulu kakhulu. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane kungama-ungulates asezingeni eliphakathi: izinsephe, izimpala, izinhlwathi.
Ama-ungulates amakhulu - i-eland, inyathi, idube, i-wildebeest ne-oryx - nawo angaba yisisulu sawo, kepha hhayi kakhulu. Uma ingekho inyamazane enkulu, izinja zisabulawa amagundane, amahare, izibankwa nezinye izilwane ezincane zasendaweni.
Ukuzingela kwabo kuhamba ngohlelo: ekuseni izinja ziyabingelelana, ziyadlala futhi ziyabanda. Ngemuva kwalokho baya kozingela, beshiya indawo yokuqala amakhilomitha ayi-15 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokubona abantu bengenamanzi, abantu abaningana bagijimela emhlambini, bawusakaze, bese bekhetha inyamazane ebuthakathaka.
Bonke abanye bayabajoyina, bagijimisa abaphikisi kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi bagijimela umkhawulo wamakhono abo, ngejubane lama-50-55 km ngehora, emabangeni amafushane bangenza udwi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ijubane eliphezulu kumakhilomitha ama-5, kungasekho, kepha lokhu kwanele ukuthi isilwane esilandelwayo siyeke ukukhathala. Lapho-ke izinja ziyamjaha zimdonse zihlukane. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokushayela isisulu, bangaziphonsa ezinyaweni zakhe noma babambe isisu sakhe. Isilwane esibulewe sidliwa ngokushesha, sidwengule izingcezu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kuso.
Vele, okokuqala, izilwane ezindala, ezigulayo, ezilimazayo noma ezibuthakathaka ziyafa ngamazinyo ezinja ze-hyena, ngakho-ke lezi zidliwayo, zinakekela ukudla kwazo, ngasikhathi sinye zenza indima yokukhetha emvelweni.
Izinja zempisi zikhetha inyama entsha, futhi cishe aziphindeli ezilwaneni ezingakaze zidliwe. Azidli ukudla kwezitshalo, izinambuzane, izidumbu, kepha ziphatha noma iziphi izidwaba eziseduze kwazo, azithandi izimpisi kuphela. Bayabaxosha ngokungenasihawu, balwe nabo igazi, uma kunesidingo.
Ukuzala nobudlelwano emhlambini
Inja yempisi yensikazi ikhulisa inzalo yayo emigodini emikhulu esezindaweni eziwugwadule. Akazimbangi izimbobo zakhe, usebenzisa lezo eziphonswe yi-aardvark. Zonke ezinye izinsikazi ezingenawo amawundlu ziyamsiza ukondla imidlwane. Ukunakekela izihlobo zazo kuyinto ejwayelekile ezinjeni ezingaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa - kuyaqabukela zilwe ngokudla, zingaletha inyama kulabo, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, abangakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo.
Izinja zempisi zingazala unyaka wonke, kepha imidlwane izalwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi. Kwabesifazane, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2-2.5, kudoti owodwa kunemidlwane emi-2 kuye kwengu-20. Bazalwa bengaboni, benqunu, futhi beyizithulu futhi bakudinga ngokuphelele ukunakekelwa komama.
Izinja azihlukaniseki nemidlwane enezinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 ubudala, sonke lesi sikhathi imigodi ivikelwe ngabanye abantu. Ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukushiya inzalo, isikhathi ngasinye bengeze isikhathi sokungabikho kwabo.
Ngezinyanga ezi-2,5, imidlwane ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba isivele isivele iphuma endlini. Ekuqaleni, abayi kude naye, kuyilapho bejwayela umhlaba obazungezile nezihlobo zabo. Ziya zingela okokuqala lapho zineminyaka engu-1-1.5 ubudala.
Izinja ezisencane ziyasebenza, zihamba, zinomoya ophilayo, zithanda ukugijima, ukudlala, ziyaluma, kwesinye isikhathi ngokunganaki ezingakwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokulimala. Umhlambi uthobela isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile, okuyinhloko kuwo kungukubhangqa okukodwa kowesilisa nowesilisa, okuqhubeka impilo yonke.
Kungenxa yenzalo yabo lapho umhlambi wakhiwa khona. Zonke ezinye izinsikazi zithobela isalukazi, ezesilisa zilalela owesilisa. Uma ngokungazelelwe noma imuphi omunye wabesifazane, ngaphandle koyinhloko, eba nemidlwane, khona-ke lowo oyinhloko angazidla. Lokhu kuziphatha kulungiswa ukuthi imidlwane eminingi iyazalwa, futhi uma iphila, ukugcwala kwephakethe akunakugwenywa.
Ubukhosi phakathi kwabantu abadala nesizukulwane esisha busungulwa ngokuthula, ngaphandle kokulwa, kuphela ngokukhombisa ukuma okuphezulu noma okungaphansi. Abesifazane abancane abaneminyaka engama-2-3 kuphela abangalwela ukunakwa kwabesilisa, abalahlekile bashiye iphakethe beyofuna umndeni omusha.
Ingxenye yamaduna, lapho ifinyelela ebusheni, nayo iyahamba yakhe umhlambi omusha. Amabhubesi avame ukuhlasela isilwane esinesizungu ngalesi sikhathi, ama-hyena cheetahs ayizitha zemvelo zezinja. Umndeni omusha uvame ukuba nezilwane ezi-3-5 zobudala obufanayo.
Izinja ze-Hyena zihlala ezimweni zemvelo cishe iminyaka eyi-10, kepha njengezilwane ezifuywayo, lapho kwesinye isikhathi ziba - ngaphezulu, kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. Izilwane kukholakala ukuthi zithanjisiwe futhi ziqeqeshiwe, zijwayele futhi zinamathele kubantu, ziba yizintandokazi zomndeni ngenxa yesimo sazo esiphilayo, esijabulayo, ukudlala nokudlalisa.
Ekuthunjweni, banganika ngisho nenzalo, futhi kuzalwa imidlwane eminingi kunezimo zemvelo. Inja ye-hyena iyathakazelisa njengommeleli wesilwane sase-Afrika, yize kungenjalo. Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuphawulekayo, inezici eziningi ezihlukanisa kakhulu nabamele ezinye izilwane ezidlayo.
Kusathenjwa ukuthi lolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele oluyingqayizivele alusoze lwanyamalala, ukuthi kuzokwakhiwa izimo zokusabalalisa nokuzalanisa izinja kulo lonke izwekazi, njengoba kwakunjalo ezikhathini zangaphambili.
