Umbono ohlangene mayelana nokuthi uvele kuphi futhi nini inhlanzi eyi-rotan emanzini aseYurophu, cha. Ngokwenye yezinguqulo, lolu hlobo ekuqaleni lwalethwa ezweni laseRussia livela emazweni asempumalanga njengenhlanzi yase-aquarium. Ngemuva kokubekwa ezimweni zemvelo, yajwayela ngokushesha futhi yaqala ukusabalala ngenkuthalo.
Izwe lakubo i-rotan libhekwa njengoMfula i-Far Eastern Amur, lapho utholakala khona ngamanani amakhulu. Isidlakela esingajwayelekile, esesabekayo, namuhla sibeka usongo kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Kulechibi, lapho umuntu olele kanzima ewela khona, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo kuyashintsha kancane kancane, kwenza izimfuyo zasemanzini zibe mpofu. Ngakho-ke, abadobi abanabo ubungane kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwezinyoni zasemanzini.
Iningi labathandi bokudoba alikhombisi nje kuphela ukubukeka okwesabisayo nokungathandeki kwenhlanzi, kepha futhi nokunambitheka kwayo okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abadobi baqala ukuqaphela ukuthi kumadamu lapho kuhlala khona i-rotan, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zinosayizi obabazekayo. Lokhu kungachazwa iqiniso lokuthi, ngokudla i-caviar nezinhlanzi ezincane, i-rotan ngaleyo ndlela yenza ukukhetha kwemvelo.
Abantu abasindile bakhula babe ngosayizi abahlaba umxhwele. Ngakho-ke, umthelela we-rotan ku-ecosystem yasemanzini ungacatshangelwa kusuka ezinhlangothini eziningana. Kunoma ikuphi, ukujwayelana nalesi silwane esingajwayelekile kuzoba wusizo futhi kufundise.
Incazelo nezici
Isici esiyinhloko sezinhlanzi i-rotan - ikhono lokuzifihla kunoma yimuphi umzimba wamanzi lapho lingena khona. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sombala semvelo (umthunzi wamanzi, imvelo engezansi), umbala wesilwane ungaba mpunga, uphuzi, ube nsundu noma ucishe ube mnyama. Ngenxa yemikhuba enjalo "yamankentshane", inhlanzi ifihla kakhulu kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala. Ungabona inhlanzi eyi-rotan phakathi kwabanye ngezici ezilandelayo:
- ikhanda elikhulu ngokungalingani emzimbeni, ngomlomo obanzi;
- izembozo ze-gill zitholakala ezinhlangothini zomzimba;
- emlonyeni we-rotan kunemigqa eminingana yamazinyo abukhali futhi acijile, avuselelwa njengoba ekhula;
- Umzimba wezinhlanzi umbozwe amafinyila ashelelayo, angajabulisi, anuka kabi, awusiza kakhulu ukuthi uhambe kahle futhi ngokushesha emanzini;
- ngokungafani nezinhlanzi zomndeni wama-goby, lapho i-firebrand ivame ukudideka khona, umhlaseli unamaphiko amancane we-pelvic abhangqwe ngokungenakulinganiswa atholakala kude kakhulu nasekhanda, angaziwa isithombe senhlanzi eyi-rotan.
Ayinkulu ngosayizi. Ubude bayo obulinganiselwe bungu-12-15 cm. Kodwa-ke, kunamacala wokuhlangana kwezinhlobo ezinkulu, ezifinyelela ku-25 cm ubude ngesisindo esiphelele esingaphezu kwama-500 g.
Ku-wikipedia inhlanzi eyi-rotan ichazwa njengesilwane esinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ihlole imininingwane emincane ngaphansi kwamanzi ebangeni elingafika kumamitha ayi-5. Futhi, ulayini ohlangothini osethuthuke kahle emzimbeni ufaka isandla ekutholeni isisulu esingaba khona.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo
URotan, ohlala emizimbeni yamanzi, naphezu kokwehluka kwangaphandle phakathi kwama-specimens, ungowenhlobo efanayo, ebizwa nge-firebrand. Ukusabalala okusheshayo kwezinhlanzi ezazingaziwa emachibini, kanye nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo, kube nomthelela ekutheni ithole amagama amaningi ahlukile: goby, forge, sandpiper, round timber, gulper, wrasse, njll.
Isikhuni somlilo esivame kakhulu esihlala emanzini aseRussia sinombala onsundu nosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Izinhlanzi ezibhukuda zisondele ezansi zinomthunzi omnyama. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi unjani umbala kanye negama abadobi abalinika umhlaseli ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, zonke izinhlobo ezibanjiwe zingezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Isiphepho sezinhlanzi ezinokuthula, isibani somlilo, sikhetha amadamu anamanzi amile njengendawo yokuhlala: amaxhaphozi, amadamu anamanzi, izinkabi zemifula, amachibi amancane. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu inhlanzi yomfula i-rotan emizimbeni yamanzi ngokunyakaza kwamanzi okulingene. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezilandelayo:
- izinga lokushisa lamanzi emizimbeni yamanzi emile liphakeme kunemifula egelezayo, okuyisici esibalulekile kwi-rotan ye-thermophilic;
- endaweni enjalo, i-firebrand izizwa ikhululekile ngangokunokwenzeka, isala isilonda esisodwa sedamu.
Ukuzithoba izinhlanzi rotan ezimweni zemvelo kuboniswa ngokwazi ukubekezelela kalula ukushoda komoya-mpilo emanzini. Sijika phansi odakeni, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukusinda emakhazeni noma soma ngokuphelele echibini. Ngakho-ke, i-rotan ayifuni ukufuduka, incamela ukuhola indlela yokuphila.
Abadobi abavela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neRussia benze ukubonwa okuthakazelisayo kwe-rotan ebusika. Ngaphambi kobusika, lesi sidalwa sakha ukuqoqwa kwesisindo emgodini we-ice mass, lapho izinga lokushisa lingehli ngaphansi kuka -1 degrees Celsius, bese liwela esimweni sokuba ndikindiki, okuqhubeka kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi isikhuni somlilo sisuswa eqhweni bese sifakwa emanzini ezingeni lokushisa elijwayelekile, umhlaseli uvuselela ngesikhathi esifushane bese eqala ukuhambisa ngenkuthalo eyofuna ukudla.
Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, isibani somlilo asihlali ebusika; abadobi bayibamba emachibini unyaka wonke. Baphawula ukuthi emachibini amancane angama-boggy ubukhulu be-Amur sleeper buncane. Izibonelo ezinkulu zitholakala emizimbeni yamanzi egelezayo, lapho izinombolo zazo zilawulwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye izinhlobo.
Namuhla i-rotan isabalale kulo lonke elaseRussia, ehlala emaxhaphozini, amachibi agcwele, amachibi, izinkabi zemifula, izinkwali, njll. Emachibini amile, le nhlanzi itholakala e-Irtysh, eVolga, eDon, eSyry nakwezinye izindikimba ezinkulu zamanzi.
Kuleyo mizimba yamanzi lapho kunezinqolobane zezinhlanzi esezinesikhathi eside zikhona nenani elikhulu lezilwane ezidlayo, ama-rotan ahlala endaweni enesizotha eduze nezindawo ezisogwini, lapho kunezimila eziminyene nezinkomba eziphakeme zemithombo yokudla. Ngakho-ke, emadamini anjalo, umphumela obhubhisayo wezinkuni kubantu bezinye izinhlanzi uzwakala ngezinga elincane.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ugodo lunesisu esikhulu kakhulu, ngakho umdobi ongenalwazi obambe le nhlanzi okokuqala angazibuza: Zidlani izinhlanzi ze-rotan?... I-firebrand iqala ukuzingela ngamapharamitha amancane, afinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku-1 cm. Njengokudla, i-fry enjalo ikhetha amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi ukuyidla njalo kulimaza inani labo labantu.
Ngaphezu kwamaqanda, abantu abakhulu bondla izibungu zasemanzini, izingwe, gazinga elincane lezinye izinhlanzi, njll. Amacala odla abantu abonwa kuleli qembu lezinhlanzi, lapho ama-specimens amakhulu edla abamele abancane bomndeni wabo. Izimo ezinjalo zivame kakhulu lapho kukhula i-rotan emachibini okufakelwa nasemanzini.
Emanzini angajulile lapho kutholakala khona i-rotan, zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziyanyamalala ngesikhathi esifushane, noma zehlise kakhulu inani labantu. Kulesi simo, ama-specimens amakhulu kakhulu asele, angaphezu kwamandla we-firebrand.
Kwezinye izimo, laba bantu bezindawo ezivulekile bakha izikole, behlela ukuzingelwa kwangempela kwezinhlanzi ezincane. Ekuhlaselweni okuhlangene, zizungeza gazinga kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ngesivinini esikhulu zimunca izinhlanzi ezijahile, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlaselwa kuze kube yilapho zonke izingxenye zesikole esidla ezinye zigcwele. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okunjalo, isibani somlilo siya ezansi, bese sihlala lapho izinsuku ezimbalwa, sigaye ukudla okumunciwe.
Abantu abadala banomlomo onamandla, obanzi nomhlathi ophambili. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ukuthi zigwinye abameleli bezinye izinhlanzi obungu-6 cm, noma ngabe zinokuqina komzimba okufanayo. Ukubamba isisulu esikhudlwana kuyindlela yokwenza izinto, engadali izithiyo zokuphefumula kwezinhlanzi, okuzibonakalisa ngokuhamba kwesigqi semvelo kwezembozo ze-gill zomlilo.
Ngaphezu kokuthosa okusebenzayo, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwe-Amur sleeper, ibuye idle izibungu ezithathwe enzansi enodaka, izinambuzane ezintanta ebusweni bamanzi. Ithatha ukudla okusemhlabathini onamanzi kanye nodaka.
Njengoba ngokwemvelo ingasuthiseki futhi ihaha, i-firebrand incamela ukuzijwayeza yona ukuze isetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokukhuluphala okukhulu, isisu sayo singakhula ngosayizi ngama-2-3 izikhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ihluleka ukubhekana nesisu esivuvukile, inhlanzi icwila phansi echibini izinsuku ezimbalwa ukugaya ukudla.
Futhi, ukondla ngokweqile okunjalo kudlala indima enhle kumzingeli lapho kunendlala. Inqubo yokugaya ihlala ezinsukwini ezi-2. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibani somlilo cishe asihambi.
Isimo semvelo kanye nokunambitheka okungajwayelekile kwe-rotan kunomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi inani labantu lihlala lisezingeni elifanayo. Ezindaweni ezivalekile umphumela onjalo utholakala ngenxa yabantu abakhulu abadla "izihlobo" zabo ezincane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Amandla okuzala ku-Amur olele aqala ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila. Isikhathi esisebenzayo sokuzalela umhlaseli siqala ngoMeyi size siphele ngoJulayi. Isimo esengeziwe esifanelekile salokhu ngamanzi afudumele kahle, ama-degree angama-15-20. Owesifazane oyedwa osayizi ojwayelekile ngesizini ngayinye uyakwazi ukuzala asondele ezinkulungwaneni zamaqanda.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bathola umbala omnyama, ocishe ube mnyama; uhlobo lokukhula luvela engxenyeni engaphambili yamakhanda abo. Abesifazane, ukuthola kwabo kangcono emanzini anodaka, amnyama, kunalokho, baba lula.
Iqanda lomlilo libonakala ngokuma okuyi-oblong, okuphuzi okunemibala. Imilenze yentambo isiza amaqanda ukuba anamathele embhedeni, obamba ngokuthembekile ifry esizayo entweni engezansi ekhethwe ngowesifazane. Ukusebenza kwe-caviar ye-rotan kukhuphuke kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ilenga ngokukhululeka, igezwa njalo ngamanzi, eqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya-mpilo okuya kuwo njalo.
Ukuvikelwa kwenzalo kwenziwa kuphela ngabesilisa, abahlala beqaphile ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwezinye izidalwa ezifuna ukuzitika nge-caviar. Kunzima ukuthi i-rotan ibhekane kuphela nokuhlaselwa kwesikhumba esinolaka.
Ngemuva kokuthi gazinga lokuqala liqale ukuvela emaqandeni, owesilisa uqobo udla amanye awo. Lokhu kungumongo walo mndeni wezinhlanzi, ezilwela njalo ukusinda kweminyaka ehlukene.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi i-rotan isanda kutholakala kaningi emanzini anosawoti kancane. Kodwa umhlaseli ukhetha ukuzala emzimbeni wamanzi amasha. Isikhathi sokuphila se-firebrand sifushane, imvamisa asidluli eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ingaphila iminyaka eyi-7 noma ngaphezulu.
Ukubamba i-rotan
Kunezibuyekezo eziningi zabadobi mayelana ne-rotan, kokubili okuhle nokubi. Abanye bacasulwa ukubusa kwalesi silwane esidla ezinye, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bayaphazamiseka, banikeze ithemba lokubamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zezinye izinhlobo.
Ukubamba izinkuni ebusika kuthandwa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, umhlaseli uhlangabezana nokushoda kokudla, aba nokuhaha, futhi ngenjabulo ugijimela cishe kunoma yisiphi isilingo. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nesiqalo sokuqala sizokwazi ukusibamba ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ebusika.
Noma yikuphi ukudoba okungokokuzalwa kwesilwane kusetshenziswa njengesicupho se-rotan: isilingo sokudla bukhoma, inyama, izimpethu, izibungu, njll. Lapho ukhetha isicupho sokufakelwa, kubalulekile ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi i-rotan ngeke ibhukude idlule i-amplitude, ikhanda elicasulayo lomdlalo.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zezinhlanzi zigcwele kakhulu, zigcwele udaka, izindawo ezinamanzi amaningi echibini. Ngenxa yokuthi ukwabiwa komlilo phezu kwendawo yamanzi kungalingani ngokwedlulele, udinga ukukubheka ngokwenza izigaxa ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Phakathi kwezinto abazisebenzisayo abadobi abazisebenzisayo ukudoba kukhona:
- induku yokudada. Kubalulekile "ukudlala" nge-float, njalo ukudala ukubonakala kokuhamba kwesithiyelo.
- Ukuphotha. I-Rotan isebenza ngokukhethekile ekulungeni isicupho sokufakelwa, esinolaka olunebanga elikhulu lokunyakaza.
- Induku yokudoba engezansi. Ngosizo lwayo, ungabamba isampula enkulu yezinhlanzi, kepha kunzima ukwenza lokhu, ibhulashi lomlilo elondliwe lisondele ezansi, ngakho-ke kulokhu kufanele ukhethe isiheho esifanele.
Inani lokudla okunempilo
Abadobi abaningi ababambe umhlaseli, okunikelwe kulo mbhalo, bazibuze: Ingabe i-rotan idla izinhlanzi? Impendulo ayicaci: le nhlanzi iyadliwa. Abanye bayanengeka ngokubukeka okungathandeki kwesilwane esidlayo. Iphunga elinamandla lodaka nobuncane bezinhlanzi nakho kudlala ngaye. ngakho-ke inhloboni yenhlanzi eyi-rotan babenganambitha ngisho nokunambitha.
Abathandi be-firebrand bathi inyama yayo ithambile, inamanzi, ithenda, futhi maqondana nokunambitheka kwayo ayisiyisi kangako kunenyama yezinye izinhlobo zezakhamizi zasemanzini. Ngaphambi kokupheka, i-rotan ihlanzwa kahle ngama-mucus nezikali, ama-insides ayasuswa, ngemuva kwalokho angasetshenziselwa izinhloso ezihlukile: isitshulu, ukuthosa, ukupheka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inyama ye-rotan iqukethe amavithamini nama-microelements, abambe iqhaza ngenqubo yezinto eziphilayo zomuntu. ngakho-ke izinzuzo ze-fish rotan akunakuphikwa, futhi ngokuhlola kabi ukuthi i-firebrand ayifanele.
Isibonelo sesitsha se-rotan
Ngenxa yokuthi i-rotan ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane, ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-cutlets. Umuntu ongazi ukuthi zilungiselelwe uhlobo luni lwezinhlanzi cishe ngeke acabange ngalokho okwenziwe kumuntu ongabonakali, ongathandeki ngaphandle, futhi hhayi bonke abahlali basemanzini abathandekayo.
Ukupheka uzodinga:
- ½ kg wezinkuni zokubasa ezincane;
- ½ isinkwa esimhlophe esimhlophe;
- ½ inkomishi yobisi olufudumele (lokufaka imvuthu);
- Iqanda eli-1;
- ½ anyanisi;
- izinongo zokunambitha;
- 1 isipuni ibhotela;
- uwoyela wemifino wokuthosa;
- izinkwa zezinkwa zokugoqa ama-cutlets.
Ukupheka amakhekhe ezinhlanzi akuhlukile kakhulu enyameni.
- Sidlulisa inhlanzi no-anyanisi osulungisiwe ngesigaxa senyama, noma siwagaye esimeni sokugaya ku-blender.
- Faka isinkwa senyama esisikiwe esivele sifakwe ubisi neqanda elishaywe kancane.
- Isizini ingxube ngezinongo, uthele ibhotela elicibilikile. Uma ufisa, ungangeza amakhambi aqoshiwe ukwengeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile esitsheni.
- Ngemuva kokuxuba inyama egayiwe ngokungaguquguquki okufanayo, yishiye ukuze "iphumule" imizuzu engama-20-30.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwama-cutlets bulula: sihlukanisa ucezu oluncane enyameni egayiwe, siyigoqe ibe yibhola, bese siyigoqa ngezinhlamvu zesinkwa, sicindezele kancane ngezandla zakho, silolonge ama-cutlets.
Udinga ukupheka ama-cutlets anjalo epanini lokuthosa elifudumele kahle ngokushisa okulingene kuze kuvele uqweqwe lwegolide. Isitsha sokungaguquguquki esinuka kamnandi, esibucayi silungile. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi othile wasekhaya lakho aqagele ukuthi inhlanzi enjalo, engathandwa ngabaningi, yasetshenziswa kuyo - i-rotan.
Imithombo yamanzi yezwe lethu icebile ngokweqile kubantu bayo. Futhi nenhlanzi efana ne-Amur sleeper, ethole isimo esingaqondakali uqobo lwayo, iyingxenye yesimiso semvelo somhlaba jikelele, futhi ifanelwe ukunakwa nokuhlonishwa.
