Incazelo nezici
Phakathi kwezilwane ezinamaphiko eplanethi kunomndeni omkhulu wezikhova. Futhi abameleli bayo babengekho ize babhekwa njengophawu lokuhlakanipha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngoba ngokwemvelo banikezwe ubuhlakani, ubuhlakani obusebenzayo kanye nokukwazi ukungabonakali, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokwenza umsindo, ukuhamba emoyeni.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, bona uqobo bahlala bazi ukuthi kwenzakalani. Izindlebe zazo zizacile ngokungajwayelekile ngenxa yokuhleleka okuyimpumelelo kokuvuleka kwezindlebe, okwenza kube lula ukubamba imisindo evela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokwakheka komzimba zivumela lezi zinyoni ukuthi ziphendule amakhanda azo ngokuvundlile ngamakota amathathu esiyingi, futhi endizeni ebheke phezulu, umbono wazo wenza i-engeli efakiwe, ebanikeza amathuba angeziwe okuba baqaphe njalo.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izikhova zokhozi, izikhova ezinama-scops, izikhova ezinamaqabunga amade nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezidla inyama, ezihlanganiswe kwisizukulwane sesithathu. Amaningi ala malungu ombuso wezinyoni (noma kungewona wonke) athathwa njengama-livers amade ngesizathu, ngoba iminyaka yawo ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-50 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphandle, lezi zidalwa zibukeka zinamandla, ziziqhenya ngesizungu sazo futhi zanele kukho konke. Kuyiqiniso, labo bantu ababazi kangcono bakholelwa ukuthi emiphefumulweni yabo bathambekele kakhulu futhi basengozini.
Ilungu lo mndeni nalo isikhova... Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zifana kakhulu nezihlobo zazo, kepha futhi zinokuhluka kwesici. Izici zabo nokuphila kuzoxoxwa ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukuzwela kokuqonda komsindo kuzikhova kunikezwa yithuluzi elikhethekile losizo lwabo lokuzwa. Futhi-ke bayakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi ibhungane lihamba kanjani otshanini futhi igundane lingena emgodini walo ngezinyathelo eziqaphile. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokho, izikhova ziyasiza ukubamba imisindo yokuhlukahluka ngezimpondo ezihlukile - izimpaphe ezinzima ezikhula kusuka kuma-auricles.
Zikhombe phezulu ngasengxenyeni ethile, zifana nezindlebe, futhi akumangazi ukuthi abaningi, ngokubheka phezulu, bacabanga kanjalo. Noma kunjalo, isikhova esi-tawny asinaso lesi sici. Futhi isibambo sesikhumba kuphela esimboza ukuvuleka kwakhe kokuzwa.
Futhi ukungabi bikho kwalezindlebe ezicatshangelwe kungenye yezici zesakhiwo salezi zinyoni, ezihlukanisa nabafowabo emndenini. Inhloko yesikhova esi-tawny ibonakala inkulu ngokungenakulinganiswa. Umlomo ufushane, mncane, ucocekile, ucindezelwe kamuva.
Idiski yobuso, echazwe yimigqa ecacile, ivezwa kahle. Futhi kuso amehlo ayindilinga yesikhova avelele ngokukhethekile, okukhombisa ukuhlaba umxhwele kokubukeka kwawo konke. Amehlo alezi zidalwa, acasula imfihlakalo yazo, kaningi ane-iris emnyama.
Kodwa naphezu kokuthi yibo abengeza okuthile okukhethekile, okungavamile emfanekisweni walezi zidalwa, kukhona umbono wokuthi imisebe ye-spectrum yemvelo ayiqondakali kahle ngabo. Yebo, lokhu akudingekile, ngoba abanikazi babo bachitha impilo yabo ikakhulu emahlathini aminyene, futhi bayasebenza ebusuku.
Futhi ezindaweni ezikude futhi esikhathini esinzima kangaka, akukho ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi kakhulu. Kunombono wokuthi lezi zinyoni, njengezinye izikhova, zisabela kahle emisebeni yokushisa, yize ososayensi abaningi bephikisana nalesi sitatimende. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo zikhululekile, zintofontofo ngesakhiwo, futhi zibomvu ngokubomvu noma mpunga ngombala onamachashazi ansundu.
Izinhlobo
Emndenini wesikhova, izinyoni ezichazwe zimele lonke uhlobo lohlobo, olubizwa nangokuthi, njengezinyoni uqobo lwazo: izikhova ezinombala ophuzi. Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezingama-22, amalungu awo anezici zawo ezikhethekile, ahlukile endaweni yokuhlala, umbala wezimpaphe nosayizi.
Ubude bomzimba obukhulu kunabo bonke ebudaleni bungadlula amasentimitha angama-70. Kepha iningi lozakwabo alimele kangako, lincane ngokuphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu. Ake sicabangele ezinye izinhlobo.
1. Isikhova esimnyama (obizwa nangokuthi mpunga). Lezi zinhlobo zifaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingaba yishumi. Le nyoni incane ngosayizi, ithi ukuba nkulu kancane kunegwababa. Amehlo akhe amnyama. Izimpaphe zinikezwe umbala wokufihla ukufanisa umbala wegxolo lesihlahla.
Ukuma kwamaphiko, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izikhova, kuyindilinga eyengeziwe, futhi ngokwawo kubanzi futhi kufushane. Le nyoni ikakhulukazi ingumhlali waseYurophu, kepha ivame ukutholakala e-Asia, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenkabeni nasempumalanga yaleli zwekazi, futhi iphinde iqoshwe eNyakatho Afrika.
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zifana kakhulu ngokwezimo zezulu. Lokhu kungaba yimiphetho eseningizimu yethaiga, iMedithera nezinye izindawo zase-Eurasia ezinezimo ezifanayo, lapho iningi labantu ligxile khona.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini amadala anezihlahla zasendulo ezikhule ngokwedlulele, imvamisa ziyaxaka, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyahlangana. Imvamisa emahlathini ebusuku asakazeka azungeze indawo izwi lesikhova.
Kuyabambezeleka, ukuhewula, dreary "uuuh". Yile ndlela abesilisa abamemeza ngayo, futhi izingcingo zabo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana zingahlukaniswa kalula kusuka ku- "kwi" emfushane futhi ebuthuntu, abangani babo abenanela ngabo. Izimpawu ezifuna ukudla, ezizokuzwakala ngemuva kwesikhashana, zizohluka - azizwakali futhi azizwa "nge-piuvik", ngakho-ke izingane zabazali bazobavakashela.
Imisindo ekhishwa yilezi zinyoni inezici eziningi futhi incike esimweni sazo. Bangaba nenhloso yokuheha ukunakwa, ukuveza usongo, futhi nokufakaza kwezinye izifundazwe nezifiso zalezi zidalwa. Futhi isigubhu sezwi labo, ngisho nakumabhayisikobho, saba samuntu ebusuku. Izidalwa ezinjalo ezinamaphiko zindiza kamnandi nangobukhazikhazi, zilwela phezulu, noma ngokuphambene zisondela emhlabathini.
2. Pallid isikhova itholakala ezihlahleni zesundu, imihosha yamadwala nezindawo eziwugwadule zaseGibhithe, e-Arabia, kwa-Israyeli naseSyria. Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini, lezi zinyoni zincane ngosayizi (ngokwesilinganiso zingama-31 cm). Umbala wabo ubuye uhluke ngokuphelele, okuthi, uma unikezwe indawo yokuhlala, kungokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Ngokuqhathaniswa nesihlabathi namatshe, amehlo azo aphuzi nombala ophaphathekile wezimpaphe kwenza lezi zidalwa zingabonakali emehlweni angafuneki.
3. I-Owl Chaco - isakhamuzi sesifunda esishisayo sasendle esishisayo saseChaco, esiseNingizimu Melika. Yingakho le nyoni yathola igama layo. Lesi sidalwa esinezimpaphe sivame ukubonakala emahlathini omile akulesi sifunda ezihlahleni nasezindaweni ezingamahlane, zihleli ezihlahleni ezingavamile noma phansi ngqo. Njengazo zonke izikhova ezi-tawny, abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo ikakhulukazi izikhova eziphakathi kwamabili futhi bayasebenza ebumnyameni. Le nyoni inengubo enezimpaphe ensundu ngokumpunga enamabhomu amahle amhlophe.
4. Isikhova saseBrazil - ohlala ezwenikazi elifanayo neChaco, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezindlela eziningi kufana nezinyoni ezichazwe ngenhla, kepha zinkulu kunezedlule (kufika ku-38 cm). Izinyoni azitholakali eBrazil kuphela, njengoba igama lisho, kodwa nase-Argentina naseParaguay. Inyoni enjalo ihlala emahlathini aminyene, inamehlo amnyama nombala wezimpaphe obomvu ngokunsundu.
5. Isikhova esinomsila omude phakathi kwezihlobo, enkulu kunazo zonke (isilinganiso esilinganiselwe 70 cm). Igama elithile alikhohlisi, umsila omthende wezinyoni ezinjalo mude impela. Inesimo esimise okwekhanda futhi ifinyelela ku-30 ​​cm, iphuma kakhulu ngaphansi kwamaphiko lapho isongwe iphumule.
Umbala wezimpaphe zezinyoni unamachashazi, kodwa ulula impela, unephethini eyinkimbinkimbi yemivimbo emnyama, inhlanganisela ensundu ne-ocher yemibala ngokufakwa kwamabala amancane. Ukucula kwezinyoni ezinjalo kufana nokuhayana ngokuvumelana namanothi aphansi, lapho kuhlukaniswa khona u- "yy" no "uv".
Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zenza imisindo efana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Ngokokuqala ngqa, lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezinamaphiko lwaluqoshwa ngokwesayensi futhi luchazwe ngokuningiliziwe e-Urals, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, lolu hlobo lwathola igama: Isikhova sase-Ural... Kodwa ububanzi bezidalwa ezinamaphiko abuncane kangako, kunalokho, bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba batholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zeVistula, eBalkan naseCarpathians.
Izinyoni zisabalele kuze kufike enyakatho yeYurophu, ngokunembile iScandinavia, nasempumalanga kuya olwandle iPacific uqobo, kufaka phakathi iziQhingi zaseKuril neSakhalin. Bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini amancane, kanye nasemaphethelweni ehlathi, bakhetha ukugawula izindawo nezindawo endaweni eseduze nama-glades ehlathi njengezindawo zokuhlala.
6. I-Barred Owl iyisakhamuzi sezwekazi laseNyakatho Melika, elingaba ngamasentimitha angama-35. Ngokwaleli gama, izinyoni ezinjalo zinombala ongafani. Ebusweni, okuchazwe ngemigqa ecacile, amehlo amnyama ahlakaniphile futhi adabukisayo agqamile.
Imininingwane ephawulekayo yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo yiyona "frill" enophaphe, ehlobisa ukubukeka futhi ikhaphele okwangempela ezinyonini. Iqala ngqo ngaphansi komlomo omncane futhi ibukeka njengesikhafu esibanzi esizungeze intamo yenyoni. Izwi lalezi zidalwa ezinesici esidwetshiwe "hu-hu-o" nalo liyaphawuleka.
7. Isikhova esikhulu esimpunga umsila omude ngisho nangaphezulu, ngoba ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80. Isizinda esiyinhloko sophaphe lwezinyoni ezinjalo sine-grey-smoky, ingubo ihlotshiswe ngamaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi, amachashazi namabhulashi. Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zathola isidlaliso sazo ngenxa yendawo emnyama ngaphansi komlomo, efana nentshebe.
Ezinye izinto ezigqamayo zokubukeka ngamehlo aphuzi nge-eyeliner emnyama nomugqa omhlophe entanyeni, njengekhola elincanyana. Ubuso bezinyoni buchazwe ngokucacile kangangokuthi izimpaphe ezinoboya ezingemuva kwekhanda nangaphansi zifana nekepisi.
Izidalwa ezinjalo zitholakala endaweni enkulu ye-Eurasia. Entshonalanga, uhla lwawo luqala ukusuka ePrussia kuya phambili, lunqamula yonke indawo emaphakathi yeRussia, lubambe amahlathi we-taiga kanye nezinye izindawo ezinezintaba, lufinyelela eSiberia naseMongolia luye eSakhalin.
8. I-tsikkaba yase-Afrika - isakhamuzi sezwekazi elishisayo okukhulunywa ngalo egameni. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala eningizimu yeSahara emazweni avundile aleli zwekazi, kugcwele amasimu nezihlahlana zehlathi ezigodini zemifula.
Lezi zidalwa zinezimpaphe ezinsundu kakhulu ezinemigqa emhlophe nokufinyeziwe, kumnyama ngaphezulu, zimhlophe ngezansi ngamathoni ampunga nabomvu. Imizila yobuso ichazwe ngomugqa omise okwenhliziyo. Ifaka amehlo amnyama, ayindilinga nekhala eliphuzi elincanyana. Izimpiko zezinyoni ezinjalo zimnyama ukwedlula isizinda esikhulu. Azidluli ngosayizi wama-35 cm.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Njengoba basebenza insimu enkulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezifunda eMhlabeni, izikhova ekuqaleni zakhetha amahlathi aminyene noma zamane zashiya izindawo ezingahlali muntu ukuze zihlale, okungukuthi, izindawo zomhlaba, indawo yazo manje eyehla minyaka yonke ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezimboni kanye nokusabalala kwempucuko yabantu.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezinjalo azihlupheki kakhulu, zihlala zichuma futhi ziningi. Isizathu sisemandleni angajwayelekile okuzivumelanisa nezimo eziguqukayo.
Ngokwesibonelo, isikhova esimpunga - umhlali wokuqala we-taiga namahlathi ajulile, uya ngokuya abonakale emahlathini, atholakala emapaki, izingadi ezinganakiwe, emathuneni ashiyiwe, lapho kungekhona nje kuphela ngempumelelo, kepha futhi kuzala inzalo.
Ukuthi bonke abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo oluvela emndenini wesikhova bayizilwane ezinonya kakhulu kungaqondakala kususelwa egameni lezinyoni. Izazi eziningi ze-etymologists zikholelwa ukuthi livela egameni elithi "ukuminza". Nokho, kukhona eminye imibono.
Kukholelwa ukuthi igama lezinyoni kufanele lihunyushwe lisuselwa eSlavonic seSonto ngokuthi "hhayi ukudla", okungukuthi, ngesiRussia sanamuhla - "hhayi ukudla". Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo, kanye nezinye izinyoni nezilwane, ngokusho kwemithetho yeBhayibheli, akufanele kudliwe. Imigqa ethile yeTestamente Elidala iyakufakazela lokhu.
Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zidalwa zingamalungu, isikhathi sokuzala kuphela esingehlukile. Isikhova esimnyama – inyoni, engenazo izitha ezisobala ezisobala emvelweni, ngaphandle kwezilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo ikakhulukazi: izinkozi zegolide, oklebe, izinkozi.
Futhi-ke, uma izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo zibhubha, izizathu zalokhu zingokwemvelo, okungukuthi, izifo nezingozi. Njengoba iningi lezinyoni ezichazwe zihlala phansi (yize kunezinhlobo eziyimizulane), ebusika obunzima ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi, zingafa ngokuntuleka kokudla okwanele.
Futhi ukuhlala eduze komuntu, laba bantu abampofu bavame ukuba yizisulu, ngokuhlangana nezintambo zamagridi kagesi noma ukushayisana nezinto zokuhamba. Izehlakalo ezinjalo azisakazeki, kodwa ziyaziwa.
Ziyizinyoni zakusihlwa nezinceku ezithembekile zasebusuku. Imvamisa bavuke kusukela kusihlwa kuze kube yimisebe yokuqala yosuku olulandelayo. Kuyiqiniso, uma izinkathi zobumnyama esifundeni esithile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zincane kakhulu noma zingabikho ehlobo, izinyoni akukho okunye ezingakwenza ngaphandle kokuhola izimpilo zazo futhi zithole ukudla elangeni.
Njengoba sezisuthise ngokwanele, izikhova ziya ekuphumuleni emini. Kuyiqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile, isibonelo, isikhova esikhulu esimpunga, sikhetha ukujaha inyamazane emini, futhi siphumule ebusuku.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwezilwane ezinjalo ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane. Izici zemenyu zincike endaweni yokuhlala, futhi okuncamelayo kuncike enhlobonhlobo yalaba bameleli bezikhova. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezinyoni eziphakathi nendawo nezilwane ezincelisayo, izingwejeje ezincane nazo zonke izinhlobo zamagundane: ama-voles, amagundane, amagundane.
Umuntu omdala isikhova ngosayizi omangalisayo, iyakwazi ukuzinikeza injabulo nokuthola i-grouse emnyama noma i-hazel grouse ngesidlo sasemini. Amaxoxo, ama-shrews, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezahlukahlukene, izinhlanzi nazo ziba yizisulu zalezi zilwane ezinamaphiko. Izinhlobo ezincane kanye nezinyamazane zifuna okufanele noma zize zidle izinambuzane.
Izinyoni ezinjalo zizingela ezidlekeni zazo eziseduze, futhi uma zifuna inyamazane ngokuvamile azihambi ngaphezu kwekota yekhilomitha. Izisulu zabo, uma zikhulu ngokwanele, zidwengulwa zibe lula ukumuncwa, futhi inyamazane encane iyakwazi ukugwinya iphelele.
Izikhova nazo ziyafuywa. Imvamisa, abathandi bezinye izizwe bathatha izilwane ezinjalo beziyisa emakhaya abo ukuze bazigcine. Futhi-ke izivakashi ezingavamile zondliwa ngomdlalo omncane, izingcezu zenyama, isoseji. Izikhova zingaba yingozi impela ngoba phela ziyizilwane ezidlayo.
Futhi ukukhohlwa ngakho kugcwele imiphumela. Zidla kamnandi zasendle, zidwengula izibiliboco ezinegazi zibe yizicucu ezincane bese zisakazeka zizungeze zona, ngaleyo ndlela zidale ukungcola okukhulu.
Futhi uma amagundane amhlophe ehlala endlini, ama-hamsters noma abanikazi aqukethe ezinye izilwane ezincane, kusengozini enkulu. Emva kwakho konke, umuzwa wokuzingela womakhelwane abanamaphiko ononya onamandla uzobasunduza ekuziphindiseni okunonya.
Kepha ngokujwayelekile, izikhova zesikhova zithathwa njengezincelisayo kakhulu zegazi futhi ezilinganiselwe kakhulu. Yize labo abangabanikazi belulekwa ngokuqinile ukuthi bathathe izinyoni ezinjalo ezinkulisa, kunzima kakhulu ngabantu basendle ukuvimbela ukubizwa kwemvelo nemvelo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ehlane, izindlu zomndeni wesikhova zivame ukutholakala emigodini yemvelo yezihlahla ezindala, lezo zinyoni ezifuna nje futhi zihlale kuzo, ngoba zona ngokwazo azikwazi ukuzakhela indlu.
Uma umgodi ofanele ungatholakali, izinyoni zizama ukuhlala ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni ezishiyiwe, ngokwesibonelo, amagwababa nezinye izinyoni ezinamaphiko ezidlayo: ama-buzzards, oklebe, abadla iminyovu. Kuvamile ukuthi bangene ezindlini zezindlu ezishiywayo noma ezingavamisile ukuvakashelwa ngabantu.
Abesilisa bahlanganyela empini yendawo yokwakha izidleke nokuvikelwa kwayo, okukhombisa intshiseko enkulu nokunikeza ukwenqaba okunzima kubo bonke abephula insimu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sezinyoni ezinjalo siqala entwasahlobo. Futhi-ke abanikazi bezidleke bayashesha ukuthola abangane babo.
Futhi lapho bethola abafakizicelo abafanelekile, banabo nezicucu zokudla ezihlwabusayo, okungukuthi, iminikelo yesiko.Uma konke kuhamba kahle, imidlalo enjalo ilandelwa ngokubhangqa nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo.
Amaqanda ezinyoni ezinjalo (kuvamise ukuba khona afinyelela kwayisithupha awo) ayafana namaqanda enkukhu ngosayizi futhi amhlophe. Emasontweni amane alandelayo, umama ubandakanyeka ekufukameleni, futhi ubaba wekhaya ulethela intombi yakhe ukudla.
Amachwane angaboni, avele maduzane, achanyuselwa imvuthu, kodwa akhule ngesivinini esirekhodiwe, kuthi ngenyanga yokuqala, isisindo sawo sikhuphuke izikhathi eziyishumi. Ngakho-ke, ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, banesisindo somzimba cishe esingu-400 g.
Isonto elilodwa emva kokuzalwa, amehlo abo avulekile. Ngemuva kwenyanga, amawundlu ayasishiya isidleke, kodwa ahlala esondelene nabazali bawo. Ukukhula kwabo okunamandla kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlala endaweni yabo yokuzingela, bakhule ngamandla futhi bavuthiwe. Lokho ababa yikho kungabonakala isikhova esithombeni.
Izikhova zidume ngokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside, kepha lokhu akusebenzi kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni. Kukholakala ukuthi ubude balezi zinyoni buxhomeke ngqo kubukhulu bazo. Amalungu amakhulu kakhulu omndeni, ngokulandelana, aphila isikhathi eside. Kungakho, ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka yezikhova, emincane uma iqhathaniswa nabafowabo, incane kakhulu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngeke kudlule iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iphuzu lapha likumetabolism esheshayo eyenzeka ezilwaneni zabo ezincane. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile lapha. Amacala aqoshwe lapho izikhova zihlala ekuthunjweni ngisho nasendaweni yazo yemvelo iminyaka eyishumi, noma engamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu.
