I-Nuthatch - usayizi kondlunkulu, ofana nokubukeka kogodo oluncane, futhi unelukuluku lokwazi njengesihloko. Ukuhluka kwale nyoni akuleli nje kuphela ekuhambeni kwayo okusheshayo ngesiqu esibushelelezi ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene, kepha futhi nasekhonweni lokulenga lubheke phansi emagatsheni.
Incazelo nezici
I-nuthatch enomsindo omkhulu ingeye-oda labantu abadlulayo, inomzimba ohlangene, umsila omfushane nemilenze enezinzipho eziqinile ezigobile. Ubukhulu buxhomeke ezinhlotsheni, ubude - ebangeni elingu-10-19 cm, isisindo - 10-55 g.
Kwasakazwa kabanzi eRussia nuthatch ejwayelekile, isisindo sawo sifinyelela ku-25 g, nobude bomzimba bungu-14.5 cm.Abantu babiza inyoni ngokuthi yisiqubu esiphothayo, umqeqeshi, i-creeper, ngesiLatini - i-nuthatch.
Umzimba ongaphezulu uvame ukuba mpunga noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu simhlophe, kubantu abahlala eCaucasus, sibomvu. Ikhanda likhulu, intamo icishe ingabonakali. Ukusuka emlonyeni omkhulu ocijile uye emuva kwekhanda, umugqa omnyama ugijima esweni.
Umqeqeshi undiza ngokushesha futhi ngqo phakathi nezindiza ezimfushane, ngamabanga amade - ngamagagasi. Ihlanganisa ibanga elingeqi ngaphezu kwekhilomitha elilodwa ngaphandle kokuma.
Yize i-nuthatch kungeyona eyezinyoni zezingoma, izwi layo limnandi kakhulu futhi lizwakala kakhulu. Kukhona impempe ephawulekayo ethi "tzi-it", aqanjwa ngayo igama lokuba ngumqeqeshi, egigitheka, ebubula ngama-trill. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kuzwakala ucingo, futhi ngesikhathi kuseshwa ukudla, kuzwakala imisindo ye- "tu-tu", "tweet-tweet".
Lalela izwi le-nuthatch
Omncane inyoni nuthatch yehlukile kumuntu omdala ngezimpaphe ezifiphele, nowesifazane kowesilisa kuphela ngosayizi omncane. Abamele ubulili obuhlukile bezinye izinhlobo banemibala ehlukene yomqhele, owokuthengiswayo nezinhlangothi.
I-nuthatch ithola igama layo emandleni ayo okuhamba ezihlahleni ibheke phansi
Izinhlobo
Ukuthola ibukeka kanjani i-nuthatchziqala ukukhonjwa ngezinhlobo. Ukuhlelwa kwezinyoni kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyadida. Umndeni we-nuthatch uhlanganisa imikhakha engu-6 nezinhlobo ezingama-30.
Cabanga ngezinhlobo ezine zama-nuthatches ahlala endaweni yeRussian Federation:
- Okuvamile
Indawo yokwabiwa - kusuka emingceleni esentshonalanga yehlathi lase-Eurasia kuya eKamchatka, eKuriles, eSakhalin. Ingemuva lenyoni mpunga-mpunga, umbala wesifuba nesisu sabantu basenyakatho umhlophe, kwabaseCaucasus, kubomvu. Umsila ubhalwe imigqa emhlophe.
Emaphandleni ase-Urals kuhlala ama-subspecies amancane - eSiberia, ahlukaniswe ngamashiya amhlophe, ebunzini. I-nuthatch ejwayelekile ibonwa yi "mask" emnyama phambi kwamehlo, ubukhulu bomzimba obujwayelekile buyi-12-14 cm.Ihlala emahlathini aqinile, ahlanganisayo, ahlangene, izindawo zepaki.
- Amabele abomvu
Izinyoni ezincane kunondlunkulu - u-12.5 cm zihlukaniswa yizinqa ezibomvu zesifuba, intamo emhlophe nekepisi elimnyama ekhanda, elihlukaniswe "nesifihla" ngetshiya elimhlophe. Owesifazane akakhanyi kangako futhi uyabonakala.
Uma i-nuthatch yaseCaucasus inengxenye yonke engezansi yomzimba ibomvu, khona-ke i-nuthatch enamakhanda amnyama inendawo kuphela esifubeni. Abantu bande kakhulu entshonalanga yeCaucasus emahlathini ama-fir nama-pine. Le nyoni ihlala phansi, ebusika yehlela ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama.
I-nuthatch enamabele abomvu
- Umqali wodonga
Ihlala eCaucasus endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphezu kolwandle. Ubude bomzimba buze bube ngamasentimitha ayi-17. Umbala - mpunga okhanyayo ngokushintshela kumathoni amnyama, izingxenye ezinamaphiko ezibomvu zigqanyisiwe ngemuva kokujwayelekile.
Phezulu emaweni, umqansa odongeni wenza ukweqa okuncane, ngenkathi evula amaphiko ombala ongajwayelekile. Izidleke zazo emihosheni enamadwala eduze nemifudlana noma izimpophoma.
- I-Shaggy (enekhanda elimnyama)
Ngenxa yesibalo sayo esiphansi, kubhalwe kuRed Book of the Russian Federation. Indawo yokusabalalisa iseningizimu yePrimorsky Territory. Izinyoni ezincane, eziyi-11.5 cm ubude zakha izindawo zokuhlala. Bahlala emahlathini ahlanzekile, ama-coniferous, emahlathini ephayini nasezihlathini.
Bakhetha ukungahambi ngeziqu, kodwa kanye nemiqhele, kufaka phakathi amagatsha amancane. Isibalo esiphezulu samaqanda ku-clutch singu-6. Bahlala ebusika eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea.
Ngaphandle kwe-nuthatch ejwayelekile, izinhlobo eziningi zifaka:
- ECanada
Izinhlobo zinqunywa ngosayizi omncane womzimba (11.5 cm), izimpaphe ezimpunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwengxenye engenhla, umbala obomvu ngokubomvu kwesisu nasesifubeni. Izinyoni zinomugqa omnyama oyisici odlula esweni, indawo emnyama phezulu kwekhanda. Ihlala ikakhulu e-coniferous, ecebile ngokudla, emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika.
- Chit
Ilungu elincane kakhulu lomndeni we-nuthatch linesisindo esingu-9 kuya ku-11 g kuphela ubude bomzimba obungu-10 cm.Phezulu okumpunga okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, phansi okumhlophe, ikepisi elimhlophe ngaphezulu kwekhanda. Ihlala emahlathini amakhulu aseMexico, eColombia, entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika.
Ihamba ngokunganqikazi phakathi kweziqu, imvamisa ichitha usuku emiqhele yezihlahla. Izidleke zamahlumela ezingxenyeni zemvelo zezihlahla ezindala. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda angafika kwayi-9.
- IsiCorsican
Indawo yokuhlala ihambisana negama. Inomlomo omfishane ekhanda elincane elinomzimba ongamasentimitha ayi-12. Ingxenye engenhla ithoni ejwayelekile mpunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ingaphansi liyi-beige, umphimbo ucishe ube mhlophe. Umqhele wesilisa umnyama, owesifazane uyimpunga. Izwi lincane futhi lifihliwe ukwedlula le-nuthatch ejwayelekile.
- Amatshe amancane
Usayizi nombala wezimpaphe kuyefana nomqeqeshi. Uhlala enyakatho yakwa-Israyeli, eSyria, e-Iran, eningizimu nasentshonalanga yeTurkey, cishe. I-Lesvos. Zakha izidleke, emaweni, ngasemhosheni wasogwini lweMedithera.
- Amatshe amakhulu
Ifinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-16. Isisindo singaphezu kwesikhulu — u-55 g. Ingemuva limpunga, isisu simhlophe nge-tan ezinhlangothini. Indawo yokwabiwa - iTranscaucasia, i-Asia Ephakathi nephakathi. Rock nuthatch uhlala ezidlekeni ezintabeni. Uyehluka ngempempe enkulu.
- I-Azure
IJava, iSumatra neMalaysia zikhethe ama-azure nuthat amahle, ahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo. Imibala ehlukahlukene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlanganiswe ngemuva. Izimpaphe ezimnyama zimboza uhhafu ongemuva wesisu, phezulu kwekhanda, nendawo ezungeze amehlo. Umzimba wonke umhlophe. Umlomo ojwayelekile onsomi ugqamile.
I-nuthatch ingeyabantu abangajwayelekile abasengcupheni yokushabalala okulengiswe kuyo:
- I-Algeria, okuwukuphela kwendawo yayo yokuhlala etholakala ezinhlangothini ze-Algeria Atlas Mountains.
- I-Giant, ifinyelela ku-19.5 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-47 g.
- I-White-brows, ihlala eMyanmar kuphela.
- I-Bahamian (enekhanda elinsundu), eye yehla kakhulu ngemuva kwesiphepho sango-2016 eCaribbean.
Zonke izinhlobo zihlanganiswe ukufana kwendlela yokuphila, ukubukeka. Umehluko omkhulu umbala wezimpaphe, indawo yokuhlala.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-bird nuthatch iyasebenza futhi ayiphumuli. Usuku lonke ifuna ukudla izulazula ngeziqu namagatsha ezihlahla, yenza izindiza ezimfushane. Kusatshalaliswe yonke indawo. Izinyoni zisungule izindawo ezindaweni eziningi zaseYurophu, e-Asia. Zitholakala eMorocco eshisayo nasehlathini elibandayo laseYakutia, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia.
ERussia, bavame ukuhlala emahlathini ahlanzekile, ahlanganisiwe, indawo yokupaka amahlathi, lapho kunezinqwaba zamagxolo, ama-woodworms, ama-leaf beetle. Ngokudla amabhungane ezinambuzane, i-nuthatch yandisa impilo yezihlahla. Izinyoni zibuye zihlale emahlathini eminyezane, etshalwe emadolobheni, ezintabeni zaseCaucasus.
Phendula umbuzo, i-nuthatch inyoni efudukayo noma cha, akunakwenzeka ukuba monosyllabic. Ngobuningi - ubusika. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye kusukela ekwindla kuya ezinsukwini ezibandayo kakhulu ngenxa kanembeza wenza ukudla, afihle amantongomane nembewu ezindaweni ezifihlekile endaweni yokwakha izidleke.
I-shaggy nuthatch ihlala eningizimu yePeninsula yaseKorea ebusika, lapho indiza isuka ePrimorye. Kepha lokhu kwehlukile kulo mthetho. Uma izinyoni zingaphazanyiswa, zinamathela esizeni sazo iminyaka.
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane ekhulile futhi eshiye isidleke, imindeni iyahlukana. Izinyoni azenzi imihlambi yezinhlobo, kepha zijoyina i-titmice, zizulazule nazo amabanga amafushane zifuna ukudla.
Unesibindi nuthatch ebusika hlala phansi ngokuzondla kubaphakeli, futhi esimweni sezulu esibandayo esingesihle, uma izimpahla zakhe zonakaliswe izingwejeje noma ama-chipmunks, angandiza kalula ewindini elivulekile. Bahlala ngokuzithandela ezindlini ezincane ezenzelwe izinyoni ngumuntu, ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni noma ezindlwaneni zasehlobo.
Zimila kahle ekhaya. Izindiza ezindizayo, indawo ye-siskins, i-linnet zilungele bona. Indawo yokuhlala ifakwe amahlumela, amajingi, i-hemp ebolile. Ukubuka izinyoni kucishe kufane nokubona ukusebenza kwe-acrobatic. Ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile nendawo yokuhlala eyanele, i-nuthatch ekuthunjweni iyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinambuzane zidla kakhulu ekudleni komshayeli. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuzalela, ukondla amaphuphu.
Amaprotheni okunomsoco kuhlanganisa:
- izibungu, amacimbi;
- ama-arachnids amancane;
- izinambuzane ezinambuzane (ama-weevils, ama-leaf beetle);
- izimpukane, izibilini;
- izibungu;
- izintuthwane;
- izimbungulu zombhede.
Imvamisa, i-nuthatch ithola izinambuzane, igijime ngobuciko iziqu, amagatsha ezihlahla. Kodwa kwesinye isikhathi yehlela phansi, ifune ukudla otshanini nasotshani behlathi. Ekwindla, izinyoni zithanda ukuzitika ngamajikijolo e-bird cherry, hawthorn, rose hips. Ukudla okuyinhloko okususelwa ezitshalweni kuqukethe imbewu ye-conifer, i-beech namantongomane angenalutho, ama-acorn, ibhali ne-oats.
Ama-Nuthatches cishe awabesabi abantu futhi avame ukutholakala eduze kwama-feeder
Ngokusho kokubukwa kwama-ornithologists, i-nuthatch inomqondo omuhle wokuhogela; ayisoze yaba nentshisekelo kumantongomane angenalutho. Lubhoboza ngobuciko ikhasi eliqinile ngomlomo ocijile oqinile, ucindezele isithelo ebusweni besiqu, usibambe ngesidladla, noma usibeke emfantwini onamadwala.
Ebusika, izinyoni ezinesibindi zindiza ziye kuzondli ezenziwe ngabantu. Ekufuneni ukudla, abesabi ukuhlala ngisho esandleni nembewu noma okunye ukuphatha. Kusukela ekwindla kuze kube nguDisemba, abakwa-creepers basendlini benza amabhukhimakhi efolishi, bebeka amantongomane nembewu emifantwini yegxolo noma emigodini ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze amasheya anganyamalali wonke ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuvuthwa kwezinyoni ngokocansi kuyaphela ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala. Imibhangqwana idalwe kanye kuphela impilo yonke. Ingoma yokumatanisa ye-nuthatch izwakala ehlathini ngoFebhuwari, kuthi kuphela uMashi, lezi zithandani zibheke indawo yokwakha izidleke. Imigodi ephonswe ngokhuni noma izinciphiso ezivela emagatsheni abolile kufanelekile. Into esemqoka ukuthi ziphakeme ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwayishumi.
Ama-Nuthatches abeka izidleke zawo emigodini yezihlahla
Indawo yokungena nezindawo eziseduze zamagxolo zivalwa ngobumba olumanziswe ngamathe. Kusele imbobo enobubanzi obungu-3-4 cm. Ngalesi sisekelo, kunqunywa ukuthi ama-nuthatches azinzile lapha. "Uphahla" lwengxenye engaphakathi yomgodi nalo "luplastiwe", kanti ingxenye engezansi ifakwe uthayela owugqinsi wothuli lwamaxolo namaqabunga omile. Ukuhlelwa kuthatha amasonto amabili.
Izidleke zamantongomane anamatshe zihlukile. Ziyisigaxa sobumba esihlanganiswe edwaleni elinomphetho obanzi. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi isikhala esiseduze nomnyango sihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo, amagobolondo ezithelo, kanye namanikiniki.
Lo mhlobiso ukhombisa ezinye izinyoni ukuthi le ndawo ihlala abantu. Izindonga zangaphakathi zesidleke zigundiwe nge-chitin (izimpiko ze-dragonfly, ama-beetle fenders).
Ngo-Ephreli, insikazi izalela amaqanda amhlophe ayi-6-9 anezinkomba ezinsundu, ifukamele amasonto angu-2-2.5. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uyayinakekela ngentombi yakhe intombi yakhe, ayinikeze ukudla usuku lonke. Lapho amaphuphu evela, bobabili abazali bakhathazekile ngokudla kwabo.
Amacimbi alethwa ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingamakhulu amathathu ngosuku ngenzalo elambile njalo. Amaphuphu aqala ukundiza emasontweni amathathu noma amane, kodwa owesilisa nowesifazane bayaqhubeka nokuzifunela amanye amasonto amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, abasha baqala ukuzondla ngokwabo. Izinyoni ezincane zihlala endle noma ekuthunjweni iminyaka eyishumi.
