Incazelo nezici
UMerlin – inyoni, kubalwa odokotela bezinyoni emndenini wokhozi, phakathi kwamalungu athathwa njengamakhulu kunawo wonke. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso, ngoba ngisho nabesilisa bezinyoni ezinjalo, okuvamise ukuba bancane kunabesifazane, bayisigamu semitha noma ngaphezulu ubude. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bezinsikazi kwezinye izimo bungafinyelela kuma-65 cm ngobunzima obungu-2 kg.
Uma siqhathanisa abamele umndeni ochazwe ngamanye ama-falcon, khona-ke umsila wabo ubude bude, kepha izimpiko, kunalokho, zifushane; amabhuloho ebunzi athuthukile kakhulu, kanti izimpaphe zithambile. Kepha umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-gyrfalcon usayizi wayo, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ibibhekwa njengenzuzo yayo enkulu kunama-falcons ekuzingeleni ezentengiselwano, lapho lezi zinyoni bezisetshenziswa ngabantu kanye nezinye izinkobe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka.
Inyoni ye-Gyrfalcon
IGyrfalcon nayo inkulu kakhulu kunomndeni wayo we-peregrine falcon - izinyoni ezingekho ngaphezu kwegwababa. Kodwa-ke, laba bameleli bombuso wezimpaphe bayafana omunye nomunye ngaphandle. Futhi i-gyrfalcon ifana nesihlobo esishiwo ngezwi, kepha ngokungafani naye, ikhipha imisindo iphokophele kakhudlwana: "kyak-kyak", futhi izivelise ngethoni ephansi futhi eqine.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela njengokukhishwe: "kek-kek". Kepha i-trill ephezulu futhi ethule ingazwakala kule nyoni entwasahlobo. Emoyeni, i-gyrfalcon igijima ngokushesha futhi iqhubekele phambili ngokushesha, ikhuphukela phezulu futhi ayikhuphuki. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibalwa ngokufanele phakathi kwezinamandla kakhulu.
Ibukeka kanjani i-gyrfalcon? Le nyoni enkulu ihlukaniswa ngombala ongajwayelekile, onemibala futhi omuhle, iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa inhlanganisela yezindawo zombala omhlophe, ompunga, onsundu neminye, kepha isisu sayo sivame ukuba lula kunesizinda sophaphe.
Izimpiko zalezi zidalwa zikhombe, zinkulu; ukugqama kume ngomlomo; izidladla ziphuzi, zinamandla; umsila mude. Umbala wezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni ezinjalo ungalawulwa izindawo ezimhlophe, ezinsundu, ezimnyama nezesiliva, futhi iphethini yezimpaphe zazo nayo yehlukile.
IGyrfalcon ebusika
Kepha okuhle kakhulu, ungaqonda izici zokubonakala kwalezi zinyoni, ziphulula esithombeni se-gyrfalcon... Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala ikakhulu ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ze-Eurasia naseMelika, zihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi ezinzima kakhulu - izindawo ze-arctic, kepha futhi zisakazeke kakhulu eningizimu.
Izinhlobo
Umbuzo wenani lama-subspecies nezinhlobo zalezi zinyoni kubangela ukungavumelani okuningi phakathi kwama-ornithologists. Umbuzo wokuthi zingaki izinhlobo zalaba bameleli bezilwane ezinamaphiko ezitholakala ngokukhethekile ezweni lethu ubhekwa njengonokuphikisana. Isibonelo, ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ama-gyrfalcone aseNorway, e-Iceland, nase-Arctic ayizinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene.
Manje kuyisiko ukucabanga ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zasenyakatho ziluhlobo olulodwa, zihlukaniswe zaba ama-subspecies amaningi nezinhlanga ezindawo. Kunobunzima obuningi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni. Kodwa ngamunye wabo sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe.
1. INorway Gyrfalcon... Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe, eLapland naseScandinavia. Ngokuvamile merlin – isifiki, kodwa ingxenye kuphela. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, kungaba ukuhlala phansi. Kepha abahlali bezifunda ezisenyakatho, njengabamele izinhlobo zaseNorway, bavame ukuthuthela eningizimu ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, zingabonakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ze-Central Europe, kwesinye isikhathi nasezindaweni eziseningizimu zaleli zwekazi.
INorway Gyrfalcon
Izinyoni zezinhlobo ezichazwe zifana nokhokho ngombala. Banombala onsundu onsundu ngokunsundu wezimpaphe ezingenhla, ezihlotshiswe ngemivimbo namabala amnyama okushunqa. Ikhanda labo limnyama, umsila ungwevu-mpunga. Ingxenye engezansi yezimpaphe zabo ilula. Kukhona izinyo elibukhali emhlathini ongenhla woqhwaku. Indandatho ephuzi ekhanyayo ibonakala izungeze amehlo ezinyoni ezinjalo. Ubude bamaphiko bamalungu ale zinhlobo ngokwesilinganiso cishe angama-37 cm.
2. I-Ural Gyrfalcon, enkulu kunaleyo eyedlule, ikakhulu isatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Siberia. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, izinyoni ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukufudukela kwezinye izindawo. Isibonelo, ama-gyrfalcons anjalo abonakala esifundeni saseBaikal, eningizimu ye-Altai, ngisho nasezifundazweni zaseBaltic. Lezi zinyoni ziyehluka ezinhlobonhlobo zaseNorway ngombala okhanyayo onephethini ebanzi ejwayelekile yokuwela.
I-Ural Gyrfalcon
Izimpaphe zamakhanda azo zinombala ochera okhanyayo futhi zinamachashazi anemigqa emide. Kwesinye isikhathi, phakathi kwezinyoni zalolu hlobo, kuhlangana izinhlobo ezimhlophe ngokuphelele. Muva nje, bekungokwesiko ukubabeka ezinhlotsheni ezihluke ngokuphelele, kepha manje imibono yezazi zezinyoni seyishintshile.
3. I-gyrfalcon emhlophe ngeNkathi Ephakathi, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokuthandwa kobuqili, kwakucatshangelwa ukuthi kuyigugu kakhulu futhi kukhethwa kwabanye ngobuhle bayo, yize izinyoni ezinjalo ngaleso sikhathi, njengamanje, zazingavamile kakhulu.
I-gyrfalcon emhlophe
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lezi zinyoni zaziyisipho esifanele futhi zazinikezwa abaholi bezempi nabaholi abadumile ngesikhathi sokungezwani kwezepolitiki ukuze kufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni, ukuthula nozinzo. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kunezidalwa ezinhle ezinamaphiko ezinombala wophaphe omhlophe qhwa ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ezindaweni ezinamakhaza kakhulu.
4. Greyfalcon empunga... Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala, njengomthetho, empumalanga yeSiberia. Futhi zihlukile ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Ural kuphela ngemininingwane emincane yokubukeka kwazo. Ikakhulu, zinokumakwa okunamachashaza emizimbeni yazo. Kepha ngosayizi, abamele lawa mafomu amabili bayafana.
I-gyrfalcon empunga nesisulu endizeni
5. I-Altai gyrfalcon - ama-subspecies asezintabeni, okubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile. Imvamisa itholakala kude eningizimu kunama-congener ayo. Ngaphezu kwe-Altai, izinyoni ezifanayo zivamile eTien Shan, eSayan, eTarbagatai. Kunezimo zokufudukela kwabo eMongolia, eTurkmenistan, emazweni aseSiberia. Umbala walezi zinyoni ubhekwa njengomfaniswano omkhulu kunezihlobo, futhi kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ukukhanya (okungajwayelekile kakhulu) nokumnyama.
I-Altai gyrfalcon
Ekuphetheni kwencazelo yama-subspecies (namuhla avame ukubizwa ngendlela eyodwa: "gyrfalcon"), kufanele kucaciswe futhi ukuthi zonke azisafundwa ngokwanele, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kufiphele. Isibonelo, ababheki bezinyoni abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwalezi zinyoni olwandile kulo lonke elase-Arctic America naseGreenland, futhi imibala yazo empunga nemhlophe kufanele ibhekwe njengezinguquko ngazinye ezitholakala kubantu abathile. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izazi zezilwane ezivumelana nalo mbono.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Indlela yokuphila yalezi zinyoni nayo ayifundiswanga ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezo zinhlobo ze-gyrfalcon ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ngezikhathi zezidleke, zivame ukusabalala ngasolwandle iPolar futhi zihlale ogwini olunamadwala. Ama-Gyrfalcons nawo atholakala endaweni yamahlathi, ikakhulukazi, lezi zindawo zihlala eSiberia, eMpumalanga Yurophu, eScandinavia, nasenyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika.
Kepha noma kunjalo, bavame ukuhlala kude nezilwandle, imifula emikhulu nezinye izindawo zamanzi ezibalulekile. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba izifunda ezisenyakatho, lapho izinyoni zalolu hlobo zivame ukuhlala khona, ingxenye enkulu yazo icebile empilweni eduze kwamanzi.
Ukuzingelwa kweGyrfalcon kubambe inyamazane
Njengoba sekushiwo, amanye ama-gyrfalcons, ngokuya ngendawo yokwabiwa, angahlala phansi, amanye awo azulazula ngezikhathi zobusika, ethuthela ehlathini elithandekayo nakumabhande wehlathi-tundra. Ezinye izinhlobo zokufuduka nazo ziyaziwa. Ikakhulukazi, ezinye izinhlobo zezintaba, isibonelo, i-Central Asia, zisuke ezifundeni eziphakeme zezintaba zaya ezigodini. AmaGyrfalcons nawo enza eminye iminyakazo.
IGyrfalcon encwadini ebomvu noma cha? Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kungummeleli ongavamile wezilwane ezinezimpaphe, ngenxa yalokho efakwe encwadini. Futhi inani lalo liyancipha njalo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwendawo yokuhlala yempucuko yabantu, ngenkathi abantu abaningi befa ngenxa yemisebenzi yabazingeli abangekho emthethweni, bewela ezingibeni zabo.
Ukubanjwa kwama-gyrfalcons nakho kuyathandwa eRussia, ngoba phesheya kwezinyoni lezi zingathengiswa ngemali ehlonipheke kakhulu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, bebelokhu behlonishwa njengezinyoni ezidla ukuzingelwa. Futhi izimfundamakhwela eziningi zisazazisa lezi zinyoni. Ngokwemvelo, ama-gyrfalcons ayakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho nebhere uma kubeka ingozi emaphuphu awo. Kepha yizinyoni ezinesibindi nezesabekayo kuphela ezingazama ukuhlasela ama-gyrfalcons uqobo. Ngokuyinhloko, izinkozi zegolide kuphela eziyingozi kubo.
Lalela izwi le-gyrfalcon
Ama-Gyrfalcons anempilo efiselekayo kanye nokuzivikela okunamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke izifo phakathi kwalaba bameleli besizwe esinezimpaphe azandile futhi azivamile. Kodwa-ke, zihlala ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezinjalo zisengozini enkulu yokutheleleka, ngoba azinawo amasosha omzimba okulwa namagciwane ahlala emzimbeni womuntu. Yingakho ama-gyrfalcons athunjwa afa kaningi.
Ukudla okunomsoco
UMerlin – inyoni edlayo futhi iyesabeka ngokungajwayelekile. Abazingeli abanjalo bathanda ukuhlala endaweni eseduze nalapho kuhlala khona izinkumbi, ama-guillemot, kanye nabanye abameleli bomndeni wama-auks, eduze nezindawo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-bazaars noma izintaba zezinyoni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ahlasela amalungu ala makoloni bese ewondla.
Ukudla kwama-gyrfalcons ikakhulukazi izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nezilwane ezincelisayo. Inkambiso yansuku zonke yenyama esetshenzisiwe yabamele abachaziwe bezilwane ezinamaphiko cishe ngama-200 g. Ama-gyrfalcons ajwayele ukudla ukudla kwawo kude nezindawo zamakamu asebusika noma izidleke. Lapha ungathola kalula ngobuningi izinsalela ezihlakazekile zamathambo nokudla okungadliwe, uboya obuhlutshiwe kanye nezimpaphe zezisulu zalezo zidlakela.
IGyrfalcon idla isisulu
Ukuhlaselwa kweGyrfalcon kufana nendlela ama-falcons ahlasela ngayo. Ngenkathi yokuzingela, ziyakwazi ukuphakama ziye phezulu kakhulu, ukusuka lapho zigijimela khona phansi, zisonga amaphiko azo, ngejubane elikhulu, zihlasela inyamazane. Ukushaywa uqhwaku lwawo kungasusa ngokushesha into yokuhlaselwa kwempilo. Bangakwazi ukuphula intamo yakhe noma ukuluma ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe. Kwezinye izimo, bathatha isisulu bahambe naso, basibambe ngozipho. IGyrfalcon ingahlasela izinyoni zisemoyeni.
UMerlin uvame ukuzingela yedwa. Lokhu kusebenza nasezikhathini zokukhulisa inzalo, kepha kuphela ngalesi sikhathi, imibhangqwana ivame ukubheka inyamazane emigwaqeni yesiza esisodwa sokudla esikhethwe futhi sanqotshwa yibo. Kumatshwele amancane, ubaba uyabamba futhi alethe isisulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umama uyibhincisela amawundlu: udabula izitho nekhanda, futhi uyalikha. Wonke la malungiselelo enziwa ngaphandle kwesidleke ukuze kungabikho ukungcola nezitho zomzimba ezibolile zezidalwa eziphilayo ezithathiwe.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ebudlelwaneni nabobulili obuhlukile, laba bameleli besizwe esinezimpaphe bane-monogamy eqinile, okungukuthi, imibhangqwana evelayo ihlala ihlala omunye nomunye impilo yayo yonke. Njengomthetho, ama-gyrfalcons esidlekeni emadwaleni, ekhetha ama-niches angenalutho angenalutho noma imifantu njengendawo yokuhlala amachwane esikhathi esizayo, imvamisa embozwe ngompheme noma umsele ovela phezulu.
Isidleke seGyrfalcon esihlahleni
Izidleke zazo zakhiwe ngendlela engathobekile, futhi kule nsiza izinsikazi zazo zimane zibeke izimpaphe, ubulembu notshani obomile ezinqeni ezinamadwala. Kwezinye izimo, abazali benza okulula kakhulu uma bekwazi ukuthola izidleke ezifanele ezilahliwe zezinye izinyoni, imvamisa izinkozi zegolide, ama-buzzards, amagwababa, abahlala kuzo.
Kodwa, njengoba sezithole indawo elula, lezi zinyoni zivame ukubuyela lapho kaninginingi minyaka yonke. Bayihlomisa njalo, bayisebenzisa amashumi eminyaka, kwezinye izimo amakhulu eminyaka, bayidlulisela ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Kungakho izidleke ezinjalo ziba zikhululeke ngokwengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zikhule, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela imitha ububanzi nokuphakama okufika kumitha elilodwa nohhafu.
IGyrfalcon nayo yenza izidleke emadwaleni.
Amaqanda ngokuvamile abekwa yizinyoni ezinjalo kuze kube yizicucu ezinhlanu ngesikhathi. Kepha kaningi kunezimbalwa zazo ku-clutch. Usayizi wamaqanda, ansundu, mncane ngisho kunamaqanda enkukhu, futhi ngokuvamile awanesisindo esingeqile kumagremu angama-60. Ukufukamela kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ukukhulisa nokondla amaphuphu kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili.
Futhi kwenye indawo engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, isizukulwane esisha siguga ngokwanele futhi siqine ngokwanele ukushiya indawo yokwakha izidleke. Kodwa abazali bayaqhubeka nokunakekela amawundlu abo kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezine, futhi kuze kube cishe ngoSepthemba amazinyane athanda ukuhlala ndawonye. Lapho sezinonyaka owodwa, izinyoni ezincane sezikhulile ngokwanele ukuthi zingaba nezingane zazo. Futhi ingqikithi yesikhathi sempilo ye-gyrfalcon endaweni yayo yemvelo ingaba yiminyaka engaba ngu-20.
