Cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-25 eyedlule, kwaqhekeka uqhekeko ezwenikazi lase-Eurasia futhi kwazalwa iLake Baikal, manje esejule kakhulu futhi indala emhlabeni. Ichibi liseduze kwedolobha laseRussia i-Irkutsk, elinye lamadolobha amakhulu eSiberia, lapho kuhlala khona abantu abacishe babe yisigamu sesigidi.
Njengamanje, iChibi iBaikal liyichibi lemvelo kanye ne-UNESCO Heritage Heritage. Iqukethe cishe ama-20% wamanzi angenasawoti angafriziwe emhlabeni.
I-biocenosis yechibi ihlukile. Ngeke uthole iningi labamele kwenye indawo.
Futhi manje kwabezindaba kwakukhona amanothi ukuthi inhlekelele ilenga phezu kwechibi ngendlela ye-algae eyingozi i-Spirogyra, ehlala ngaphezu kwengxenye yendawo. Izinombolo ziyamangalisa nje! Kodwa ingabe kunjalo? Sanquma ukwenza ucwaningo oluncane.
Amaqiniso neziphetho kubekwe ngezansi
- Kusukela ngo-2007, ososayensi baqale ukwenza ucwaningo ngokusatshalaliswa kweSpirogyra eLake Baikal.
- Izindaba zokuthi iBaikal isongelwa ngenhlekelele yemvelo zivela ngemvamisa yezikhathi ezi-1-2 ngonyaka, eziqala ngo-2008.
- Ngo-2010, abezemvelo bashaya izinsimbi bexwayisa umphakathi ukuthi ukuvulwa kabusha kwesigayo esiseduze kwechibi kuzoholela emiphumeleni emibi ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-phosphate ne-nitrogen.
- Kusukela ngo-2012, kuvele ucwaningo ngezinguquko kwezinye izindawo ezingaphansi kwechibi lohlobo lwe-filamentous algae. Futhi, iphesenti seligudlukele ku-Spirogyra.
- Ngo-2013, ngenxa yokungenzi inzuzo, isigayo se-pulp savalwa, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuxazulule inkinga yemvelo echibini.
- Ngo-2016, ososayensi bathola izinhlobo ezingama-516 zeSpirogyra eChibini iBaikal.
- Ngawo lowo nyaka, abezindaba babika ngokungcoliswa kwechibi ngendle kanye nokwanda kwenani lama-algae anobuthi.
- Ku-2017 nango-2018, izindaba zokuzala kabusha okuyinhlekelele kweSpirogyra ziyaqhubeka.
Manje ngakho konke kuhlelekile. Isigayo se-cellulose, ngokusho komphakathi, esinikele kakhulu ekungcolisweni kweLake Baikal, besisebenza ngempumelelo kusukela maphakathi nawo-1960. Kunzima futhi akudingekile ukubala inani lemfucuza akwazi ukuyiphonsa emanzini echibi ngalesi sikhathi. Ngamafuphi, okuningi. Inkinga yamanzi angcolile, egcwele izihloko zezindaba, nayo ibikhona iminyaka eminingana, kepha isimo esinjalo asivelanga. Elinye iphuzu lapho abezindaba banecala khona ukungcola okulahlwa ngaphandle yimikhumbi. Futhi umbuzo - nangaphambi kokuba bawangcwabe emhlabathini? Futhi cha. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo akusiwo lona, kepha ukucinana kobuthi noma ezinye izinto?
Njengoba sebethole iSpirogyra ekujuleni okubandayo kwechibi, izazi zemvelo zakhipha isinqumo sokuthi ukufudumala kuyimbangela ekukhuleni okungajwayelekile kwalolu hlobo.
Ososayensi beLimnological Institute bafakazela ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa ngobuningi kwe-algae kwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni zokungcola okunamandla kwe-anthropogenic, kanti emanzini ahlanzekile akubonakali.
Ake sibheke esinye isici - ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi
Ngokwezifundo ezenziwa ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, ingqikithi yemifula emikhulu engama-330 nemifudlana emincane yagelezela eBaikal. Umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke uMfula iSelenga. Ukuphuma kwayo okukhulu yi-Angara. Kuze kube manje, inani lamanzi, ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala, lehle cishe ngama-50%. Uma ungeza lapha isici sokuhwamuka kwemvelo kwamanzi ngaphansi kwethonya lamazinga okushisa aphezulu, uthola ukwehla minyaka yonke ezingeni lamanzi echibini.
Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela ifomula elula kakhulu, ekhombisa ukuthi ukwanda kokugeleza kwendle nokuncipha kwenani lamanzi ahlanzekile kuholela ekuthelelekeni okukhulu kweLake Baikal nge-spirogyra, yona uqobo ngemithamo emincane eyinsakavukela, futhi esimweni esivelele iholela kuzinguquko ku-biocenosis yechibi.
Kumele kuqashelwe nokuthi ulwelwe oluyintambo ngokwalo aluyona ingozi ethile emvelweni. Isilinganiso sokubola kwamaqoqo ageziwe, asabalalisa ubuthi obubangela ukuwa kwemvelo, siyinhlekelele.
Ngokuya ngemiphumela yocwaningo lwethu, sifinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi inkinga ye-spirigora yeBaikal akuyona entsha, kepha kunalokho iyazitshwa. Namuhla, umphakathi womhlaba wonke ugxile ekugcineni leli chibi eliyingqayizivele, ukuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ezintsha zokuphehla ugesi ophehla amandla kagesi, nokuphikelela ekwakheni izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi. Ngeshwa, amaphrojekthi amaningi ahlala njengama-printouts esefu, hhayi njengezenzo ezithile. Ngiyethemba ukuthi indatshana yethu izothonya ngandlela thile isimo esikhona manje futhi isize izishoshovu ngezenzo zazo ukumelana nokungasebenzi kwezikhulu ezingenandaba.
