Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimpawu ezivulekile ezinemvelo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona omunye wabamele abakhulu nabakhulu kakhulu - ulwandle ingonyama. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa nangokuthi ingonyama yasolwandle.
Lapho abantu bezwa igama elithi "ibhubesi" wonke umuntu ngokungacabangi ucabanga umhlwenga kanokusho nemidladla enamandla yenkosi yezilo. Leli gama eliqhoshayo akusilo elakhe kuphela, kodwa futhi nesinye isilwane, esinamaphiko esikhundleni sezidladla ezinkulu, nezinwele ezincanyana esikhundleni somhlwenga olumileyo.
Lawa makhosi ezilwane ahlala entweni yamanzi. Lolu hlobo okwamanje lusengozini yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke ulwandle ingonyama isikhashana manje eNcwadini Ebomvu.
Lapho isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseJalimane uG. Steller ebona lesi simangaliso esikhulu ngokubabaza nentamo enkulu, amehlo asagolide nengxenye yomzimba engemuva ezacile, wavele wakhumbula amabhubesi. Okuthile lezi zilwane zifana ngakho.
Kungalesi sizathu ingonyama yasolwandle yathola igama elinjalo. Izwi lakhe le-bass, elizwakala ebangeni elide ngesimo sokubhonga, alizange lenze noma ngubani ukuthi angabaze ukunemba kwalelo gama.
Incazelo nezici zebhubesi lasolwandle
Kuyathakazelisa ngokwanele incazelo yamabhubesi olwandle. Lezi zilwane zikhulu ngokwedlulele. Ubude besilisa obudala ulwandle ingonyama ingafinyelela kumamitha ama-4, ngesisindo esingeqile ku-650 kg.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona nezidalwa ezinkulu kakhulu ezinesisindo esifinyelela kutani. Kodwa lezi zingonyama zasolwandle azivamile. Ngokuyinhloko, ubude babo obungamamitha ayi-2.5-3.
Esithombeni, ingonyama yolwandle endala yomuntu wesilisa
Abesifazane bahlala bancane kunabesilisa. Entanyeni ebanzi futhi ehambayo yezilwane kukhona ikhanda eliyindilinga, elinesifinyela esibanzi, esifana kakhulu nesifonyo se-bulldog, ikhala eliguqulwe kancane nama-vibroses amade.
Amehlo isilwane sebhubesi sasolwandle encane ngosayizi, engabonakali kakhulu. Izindlebe ziyefana. Amaphiko akhe makhulu futhi anamandla. Isikhafu nentamo yabesilisa kuhlotshiswe ngezinwele ezinde ezifana nesikhafu. Lokhu kusiza izilwane ukuthi zizivikele ekushayweni okungenzeka yizimbangi zazo ngesikhathi sezimpi.
Umbala womzimba wakhe ubuswa umbala onsundu ngokugqamile. Lo mbala uguqukile. Izinguquko zakhe zenzeka kuyo yonke impilo ulwandle ingonyama ulwandle ingonyama. Ubusha buhambisana nombala onsundu okhanyayo.
Lapho esondela ebusheni, ibhubesi lasolwandle liyakhanya. Izinguquko kumbala wesilwane nazo ziyenzeka maqondana nokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Ezinyangeni ezibandayo zasebusika, isilwane siba mnyama ngokwengeziwe, umthunzi waso ufana noshokoledi. Ehlobo, amabhubesi asolwandle anombala wotshani.
Izinwele zibuswa ama-awns. Kuyenzeka ukuthi ubone ngaphansi komfula emabhubesini olwandle, kepha akuyona esezingeni elifanele. Ibhubesi lolwandle iSteller esithombeni alibukeki likhanga ngokukhethekile, futhi empilweni yangempela alihlukile ebuhleni obuthile, kepha lesi silwane ngokungazithandi sikhuthaza uhlobo oluthile lwenhlonipho nozwela.
Esithombeni, owesilisa, owesilisa nowengonyama olwandle
Lezi zilwane zinesithembu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kowesilisa oyedwa kuzohlonipheka impela ukwanelisa izidingo zabesifazane ababili noma ngaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, emphakathini wabo, ama-harems avame ukwenziwa, kepha anokuziphatha okuhle ngokwentando yeningi kuwo.
Owesilisa akanakho ukuchema nabesifazane ngokuhlanganiswa kwesimo sengqondo sobugovu kubo. Ngakho-ke, impilo yabo igeleza ngokuthula nangokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwezimangalo komunye nomunye.
Amantombazane akudingeki ukuthi ahlale enobuhle bawo njalo. Okwentokazi, lokhu kunikeza ithuba elihle lokuzinza endaweni yama-rookery ngqo lapho ifuna khona.
Owesifazane, njengomthetho, unengane eyodwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwayo, insikazi iba nolaka futhi iyazivikela yona nengane kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana.
Emasontweni amabili ngemuva kwalokhu, inqubo yokukhwelana yenzeka, ukuphela kwayo kuba ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Ingxenye yesibili kaJulayi ibonakala ngokucekelwa phansi kancane kancane kwama-rookeries nokuwohloka kwabesifazane.
Kukhona nabesilisa kuphela i-sea lion rookery, aqukethe ama-bachelors ngesizathu esithile angakwazanga ukudala ama-harems awo. Bangaba ngeminyaka ehluke kakhulu, kusuka entsheni kuya kubantu abadala. Ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzalisa, wonke amaduna ahlangana emphakathini owodwa omkhulu.
Lezi zilwane ziziphatha kahle ngokuthula kuma-rookeries. Ukubhonga kwawo kwebhubesi kuzwakala ezindaweni ezikude kuphela, okufana nezimpondo zesitimu. Imisindo enjalo yenziwa ngabesilisa abadala. Ukubhonga kwabesifazane kufana nokukhala kwezinkomo. Amawundlu anesikhalo esimnandi futhi esiqengqelekayo, esikhumbuza ngokwengeziwe amazwi ezimvu.
Isimo esinolaka samabhubesi olwandle asinikezi ithuba lokuzibamba ziphila. Izilwane zivame ukulwa kuze kube sekugcineni, kepha aziyeki, ngakho-ke zimbalwa kakhulu zazo ezihlala ekuthunjweni. Kepha elinye icala elingajwayelekile laqashelwa lapho ibhubesi lasolwandle lakha ubungane nendoda futhi lihlale libheka etendeni lalo ukuthola ukudla.
Indlela yokuphila yengonyama yasolwandle yaseSteller kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Impilo yonke yalezi zilwane ihlukaniswe izikhathi ezimbili. – rookery futhi abayimizulane. Ngenkathi yasebusika sea lion uyaphila endaweni yesimo sezulu yezindawo ezifudumele, ngasogwini lwaseMexico. Ngentwasahlobo yonyaka, eduze nehlobo, iya ogwini lwasePacific. Lezi zindawo zinayo yonke imibandela yokuzalanisa. ulwandle ingonyama seal.
Lezi zilwane ezidliwayo zingagxumela ekujuleni ngokwanele ukuze zitholele ukudla kwazo, zingabantu ababhukudi abahle kakhulu nabatshuzi. Iningi Amabhubesi olwandle lwaseKamchatka ngasogwini olusentshonalanga cishe. Sakhalin. Ngentwasahlobo ziyabonakala eTatar Strait. Zikhetha ukugcina zincane futhi zingakhi amaqoqo amakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sama-harem osebeni lwama-rookeries, kukhona abesifazane aba-5-20 bengonyama eyodwa yolwandle. Kuwo wonke ama-harem, insimu yawo ehlukanisiwe inqunywa kusengaphambili, ubukhulu bayo ngezinga elikhulu buxhomeke esimweni esinolaka namakhono wesilisa. Imvamisa zitholakala endaweni eyisicaba futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela amamitha ayi-10-15 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izindawo eziyizintandokazi zalezi zilwane yiKuril ne-Commander Islands, uLwandle i-Okhotsk neKamchatka yaseRussia, kanye cishe nayo yonke ingxenye yogu lwasePacific, okubandakanya iJapan, i-USA, iCanada, i-Alaska neCalifornia. Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda amadwala nezixhobo zamatshe ezinamadwala. Abalithandi iqhwa.
Abesilisa imvamisa baba ngabokuqala ukufinyelela kuma-rookeries. Bamaka insimu futhi, ngokubukeka okuqhoshayo, okunolaka, bayiqaphe izindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, abesifazane bayahlangana nabo futhi cishe ngokushesha bazale izingane zabo, ebezilokhu zithwele unyaka wonke, kuthi ezeduna ziyigade ngokucophelela le ndawo.
Ukudla kwebhubesi lasolwandle
Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda izinhlanzi nezimbaza. Baphinde badle ingwane nengwane ngentokozo enkulu. Uma kunesidingo, bangazingela izilwane ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi, izimvu zamanzi ezinoboya.
Amabhubesi olwandle adla izingwane
Ngasikhathi sinye, abanandaba newundlu eliphambi kwabo noma umuntu omdala. Bona ngokwabo abanalo insuredured ngokumelene neqiniso lokuthi bangaba ukudla kwezilwane ezidla ulwandle - oshaka noma ababulali bemikhomo.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zezinhlanzi ezithandwa amabhubesi olwandle. Kubonakele ukuthi ukudla abakuthandayo kuncike kakhulu endaweni.
Isibonelo, lawo mabhubesi olwandle ahlala emanzini aseCalifornia athanda ama-bass olwandle, i-halibut ne-flounder. Ama-sea bass, ama-gobies nama-pinagora adliwa ngokulangazela ngamabhubesi asolwandle ngasogwini lwase-Oregon.
Esithombeni, ibhubesi lasolwandle lensikazi libuya ekudobeni
Ogwini lwaseBritish Columbia, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zinkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwamabhubesi asolwandle ahlala kuleyo ndawo kubanzi kakhulu. Ulwelwe, amatshe nesihlabathi esinamatshe amatshe ngokuvamile kutholakala esiswini sezingonyama zasolwandle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sebhubesi lolwandle
Abesilisa bakulungele ukuqhubeka nohlobo lwabo beneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, abesifazane basencane ngaphambili - eminyakeni engu-3-5. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuzala kwabo kuqala.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-rookery enqotshwe ngabesilisa ngezimpi ezinamandla ivakashelwa ngabesifazane abesilisa abalandela nabo futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esifushane sokubeletha.
Kubo bonke abesifazane bayo, owesilisa uyisivikelo nokusekelwa okuthembeke kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sibonakala ngokuthi amabhubesi olwandle akha amakamu amabili - ama-harems nama-bachelor rookeries.
Ukukhulelwa kwebhubesi lasolwandle lensikazi kuhlala unyaka. Ingane ezelwe iwela ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwangempela kwabesifazane, empeleni ayimshiyi ndawo. Kodwa isikhathi esithile siyadlula, ingane ikhula futhi insikazi kufanele ihambe ukuze izitholele ukudla kwayo nayo.
Esithombeni, ingane yengonyama yolwandle
Eduze kwehlobo, izingane zikhula, asikho isidingo sokuzivikela njalo, ngakho-ke ama-harems ayahlakazeka, futhi izilwane zimane zixube zodwa. Lezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo ziphila iminyaka engama-25-30.
Muva nje, liyancipha inani lamabhubesi olwandle. Akekho ongaqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, bathinteka kabi ngokuwohloka kwemvelo, babhujiswa kakhulu yimikhomo ebulalayo.
Futhi, isizathu esingaba khona sokunyamalala kwamabhubesi asolwandle sithathwa njengokubanjwa yimikhumbi yokudoba i-pollock ne-herring, okuwukudla kwabo okuyinhloko.
