Isilwane esincane esixakekile, njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, sengathi siphuma otshanini obufudumele, bese sinyamalala kubo futhi, lokhu - ingwejeje enamabala.
Isithombe se-squirrel emhlabathini onamachashazi Kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngoba isilwane asikho endaweni eyodwa umzuzu. Ngisho nalapho umgibeli "ezulazula" phezu kotshani, ikhala lalo, sonke isifonyo sihamba njalo, nomzimba usesimeni esishubile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zivame ukunyamalala lapho umthwebuli wezithombe ecindezela i-shutter. Ngakho-ke, izithombe eziningi zama-gopher emvelweni zitholakala ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ingwejeje enamabala
Lesi silwane singesinye sezingwejeje ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabathini, ubude bomzimba waso ontofontofo bufinyelela ku-18-25 cm kuphela, futhi isisindo saso kuyaqabukela sifinyelela uhhafu wekhilogremu. Ngaphezu kokuba sincane impela, lesi silwane sinomsila omfishane. Umsila we-gopher awudluli ikota yobude bomzimba wayo, njengomthetho, ubude obumaphakathi bomsila busuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 cm.
Iziduna zezingwejeje ezisemhlabathini zinkulu futhi zikhanya ngaphezu kwezinsikazi. Ezitolo zezincwadi izithombe ze-squirrel emhlabathini okuvame ukuvezwa ngezindlela ezihluke ngokuphelele, bese kukhanya, bese kuba nezinwele ezibomvu, bese kuba nezimagqabhagqabha ansundu, imvamisa imifanekiso ayinazincazelo ngemibala ehlukene, futhi, ngokubukeka okuhlukile.
Iqiniso ngukuthi indawo yokuhlala kwesilwane inkulu kakhulu, futhi umbala wejazi laso loboya, kanye nama-nuances amancane wangaphandle, ancike ngqo lapho kuhlala khona umgadi othile.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-gopher enamachashazi eBelarus unezinwele ezinsundu ngethoni ye-marsh nezinkomba ezimhlophe, umzimba olinganayo nemilenze eqinile.
Isilwane esifanayo emathafeni asePridonya sesivele sizala, sinamachashazi amnyama, isizungu esijiyile esingezansi namahlombe amancane, umzimba ubukeka njengepheya, kanti imilenze yangemuva ithuthuke kakhulu kunaleyo yangaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, eminye imisindo yokubukeka nokuhlukahluka kumbala wezilwane kuxhomeke ngqo lapho zihlala khona. Ngokomlando, indawo abahlala kuyo yonke iYurophu kusuka ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho kakhulu kuya kwezingaseningizimu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izingwejeje eziningi zomhlabathi ezake zaba kule ndawo kusukela eDanube kuya osebeni lweVolga.
Ama-Gopher akhetha ukuhlala emaqeleni, emahlathini, emadlelweni nasemasimini. Iningi lalezi zilwane kwake kwaba sezingeni eliphakeme "lomhlaba wezintombi". Ukulima kwama-steppes kwaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ama-gopher ahlehla futhi ahlala ezinhlangothini zemigwaqo yasemaphandleni, emabhandeni asehlathini, ngasemithambekeni yamawa omile namachibi, ezigodini "ezilahliwe", izivini zasendle, futhi-ke, eduze kwamasimu anezinhlamvu.
Ukufuduka okuphoqelelwe kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwalezi zilwane, isibalo sehla kakhulu kangangokuba saziwa njengezinhlobo eziseduze nokuqothulwa, naphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule ingwejeje enamabala shaya amakhasi Okubomvu izincwadi futhi wathola isimo "sokuvikela".
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yalo gopher onamabala
Ama-Gopher yizilwane zenhlalo ephezulu ezinomqondo othuthukisiwe wokuhlangana. Bahlala emakoloni amakhulu, uma indawo ivumela, khona-ke kunqabile, uma kunesikhala esincane, kuminyene kakhulu.
Ukubekwa kwegatsha nobukhulu bomgodi nakho kuncike ekutholakaleni kwesikhala, isilwane ngasinye esidala esinaso. Ama-Gopher abamba izimbobo ngokuthakazelisayo. Isilwane ngasinye sizakhela ikhaya laso unomphela futhi, ngaphezu kwaso, sakha imiphoshwana eminingi yokukhohlisa.
“Indlu” yangempela ingunokungena okukodwa kuphela, amagatsha amaningi, amagatsha aphelela “emakamelweni” okugcina izitoko, “igumbi” elifakwe umbandela lapho lo gopher ehlala khona ngqo - lisendaweni ejulile engama-40 kuye kwangama-130 cm, futhi kuncike kakhulu Isimo sezulu - ubusika bubanda kakhulu, imigoqo iyajula.
Imigodi yokuvikela yesikhashana yehluke ngokuphelele, ayinazo izingxenye zokulala nokugcina, kepha inezindawo zokuphuma eziningana. Izingwejeje zasemhlabeni zibathola eduze nezindawo lapho zithola khona ukudla. Lezi zakhiwo zisetshenziswa yilo lonke ikoloni lezilwane, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngubani owazimba kahle.
Izazi ze-Zoologists bezilokhu ziphikisana iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokufika ekuvumelaneni ngokuthi ngabe kukhona ubukhosi bezenhlalo nenhlangano emakoloni alezi zilwane.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi ososayensi abakwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo, emvelweni kunama-gopher ahlala wodwa. Ukuthi baxoshwa yini kuleli koloni, noma ngabe bangama-hermits ngokuzithandela, akwaziwa, kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi izilwane ezinjalo zikhona.
Ama-Gopher ahlala phansi, ahlala unomphela endaweni eyodwa, ngaphandle kokufuduka ngenxa yokudla. Uma kungekho ukudla, ama-gopher aya ukufuna kuso sonke isifunda futhi aletha lokho abakutholile emgodini.
Ukufuduka kwezilwane kungaphoqeleka kuphela ngokususwa kwezindawo zazo zokuhlala kanye nokusongela impilo, okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulima kwamazwe angazintombi, kuze kufike ku-1980. Izilwane ziyasebenza emini, kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, kepha kuphela esimweni sezulu esihle. Uma lina, umgobho ngeke ashiye "indlu" yayo ngaphansi kwanoma iziphi izimo.
Umlingiswa we-gopher ufana nomlingiswa wesihlobo sakhe esikude, i-squirrel. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi lesi silwane asethembi kangako maqondana nomuntu.
Bonke abanye abagibeli kanye nezingwejeje bayefana kakhulu - bayawathanda "amakamelo abo okulala", bahlala bewafudumeza, benza izinto zesimanje futhi baziqoqele. Bathanda ukucasha endaweni ethile futhi babuke okwenzekayo nxazonke, badonse imbewu kwisigaxa noma imbewu kusuka ku-spikelet.
Abahlali emindenini, bahlangana nomlingani, kepha abahlanganyeli umgodi owodwa naye futhi abangaphili impilo ejwayelekile. Bahlela ngokucophelela amasheya abo futhi babheke izinga lokudla abakufihla ebusika.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi izilwane ezinamachashazi azidli ebusika, kepha amasheya enziwa uma isimo sezulu esibi noma ngokwemvelo. Kepha muva nje, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe obubhekiwe bezinyoni zezilwane esifundeni saseRostov (Don), kutholwe okutholakele okuphikisana ngokuphelele nencazelo yangaphambilini, eyahlanganiswa izazi zemvelo zekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Izilwane ezinamachaphazelo eziluhlaza ziyalala, kepha azilali njalo. Ivuka, i-gopher izungeza i-mink, ibheke ukungena, uma kukhona ukuncibilika egcekeni, ingaphuma ibanga elifushane, ngemuva kwalokho iphinde idle iphinde ilale futhi.
Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sezulu sisenyakatho kakhulu futhi kubanda amakhaza, kuba namandla kakhulu ukulala ubusika. Ezindaweni ezinobusika obunzima, ama-gopher awavuki, ubuthongo buhlala cishe ngo-Septhemba kuya ku-Mashi, ngokujwayelekile, i-gopher ingalala izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-7.
Ngalesi sikhathi, isisindo sayo sincishiswa ngesigamu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngokulala isikhathi eside kangako, isilwane simane sife. Izilwane zilele zihleli, zigobile, zifihle ikhanda esiswini bese zimboza amakhala ngamsila wazo.
Ukondla izingwejeje ezinamachashazi
Incazelo yengwe emabala bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokusho indlela adla ngayo. Le mifino efudumele ihlanganisa amagama ezitshalo angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-variegated fluffy iyigourmet. Ezingxenyeni ze-gopher, isibonelo, izimbali ze-clover ezomisiwe, ezihlukaniswe yizinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, zigcinwa ngokwehlukana, izimpande, iziqu, okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo, imbewu nayo igcinwa ngokwehlukana.
Ama-gopher ahlala ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi le-Don esitolo sembewu ye-apula, adla i-apula uqobo, ngaphandle kokuwomisa, kepha ebangeni laseMoscow, izilwane zenza ama-forays ezindlini zasehlobo futhi zibeka imbewu yedill, izimpande zeparsley kanye noqathe ngokuya ngezinhlobo.
Ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu yizilwane kanye nesisekelo sokudla kwazo ngukuthi:
- ukolweni;
- rye;
- ibhali;
- ama-oats;
- ukutakula;
- utshani bezimpaphe;
- i-yarrow;
- i-clover;
- i-mint;
- idandelion;
- ama-oats asendle.
Eduze kokutshalwa kukammbila, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini zikhombisa uthando lwazo oluphelele ngommbila, zikhetha izigaxa kukho konke okunye ukudla futhi zikhombisa izimangaliso zangempela ze-acrobatic lapho zibanjwa.
Yize ama-gopher engabadli bemifino, abanye babo abanankinga ngokudla amabhungane. Njengomthetho, izilwane ezihlala ngaphandle kwamakholoni zithanda ukudla amaprotheni. Kukhona umbono wokuthi yizidakamizwa zokudla okuyizizathu zokuba yedwa.
Kodwa-ke, okuphikisana nalo mqondo iqiniso lokuthi izilwane zivame ukudla inzalo yazo, hhayi kuphela lapho zizalwa, kepha futhi zivame necrophagia - okungukuthi, zidla izihlobo zazo ezibhajwe noma ezilimele. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, ababathinti labo abangakwazanga ukuvuka ngemuva kobusika.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izilwane zihlangana emigodini, abesilisa beza "ukuvakashela" abesifazane. Le nqubo iqala emavikini ayi-1-2 ngemuva kokuvuswa kwenqwaba koloni. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe inyanga, emva kwalokho kuzalwa izingane eziyisithupha kuya kweziyi-10, eziya ebudaleni maphakathi nehlobo, ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Ama-Gopher aphila kancane, kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 kuye kwengu-5, abaningi abasindi ebusika bokuqala empilweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, ngokweqile amaqiniso athakazelisayo ini ingwejeje enamabala e-zoo kuyaqabukela engaphili kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6-8, futhi ama-nzalo nezinye izinhlobo zezingwejeje ezisemhlabeni ekuthunjweni aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu.
