Lezi zakhamuzi zase-savanna yase-Afrika aziveli nje kuphela ngezinombolo zazo, kodwa nangaphandle kwazo okungajwayelekile. Kubukeka sengathi imvelo ayizange ikhathaze kakhulu futhi "yabaphuphuthekisa" kulokho okwakusondele: ikhanda nezimpondo zenkomo, umhlwenga wehhashi, umzimba wenkomo, intshebe yembuzi yasentabeni, nomsila wembongolo. Eqinisweni, iyinyamazane. I-Wildebeest iyinhlobo yezinyamazane ezidume kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Abantu base-Afrika bendawo babiza i-wildebeest ngokuthi "izilwane zasendle". Futhi lona kanye igama "inkonkoni" lafika kithi lisuka kumaHottentot, njengokulingisa umsindo ofana nalowo owenziwa yilezi zilwane.
Incazelo ye-Wildebeest
I-Wildebeest iyisilwane esikhanyayo esidlayo, iqembu lama-artiodactyls, umndeni wama-bovids... Unezihlobo eziseduze, ngaphandle ngokungafani neze nabo - amaxhaphozi ama-antelopes kanye ne-congoni. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-Wildebeest, ngokusho kohlobo lombala - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka / olunemigqa nomsila omhlophe. Izinhlobo ezinomsila omhlophe zivame kakhulu. Kutholakala kuphela eziqiwini zemvelo.
Ukubukeka
I-wildebeest ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ingane - 250 kg yesisindo senetha cishe nobude bemitha nengxenye. Umzimba unamandla, ubekwe emilenzeni emincane ezacile. Ukufanelana okunjalo kudala umuzwa ongajwayelekile wokungabonakali ekubukekeni kwangaphandle kwesilwane. Ukwengeza kulokhu ikhanda elikhulu lenkunzi, elithweswe umqhele ngezimpondo ezicijile eligobile phezulu nembuzi - iba yinto engenangqondo ngokuphelele, futhi ehlekisayo. Ikakhulukazi lapho i-Wildebeest inika izwi - ukwehlisa amakhala emathafeni ase-Afrika. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-Wildebeest ihlukaniswe ngomndeni okhethekile - izinhlwathi zezinkomo.
Kuyathakazelisa! E-wildebeest, izimpondo azigqokwa ngabesilisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nabesifazane. Izimpondo zabesilisa ziyashuba futhi zinzima.
Umzimba we-wildebeest umbozwe izinwele. I-Blue wildebeest inemivimbo emnyama eguqukayo ezinhlangothini zomzimba ngemuva okungemnyama noma okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinkonkoni ezinomsila omhlophe, zonke ezimnyama noma ezinsundu, zihlukaniswa kuphela ngentambo yomsila emhlophe qhwa kanye nomhlwenga omnyama nomhlophe. Ngaphandle, zibukeka njengehhashi elinezimpondo kunenhlwathi.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Uhlobo lweWildebeest ukufanisa ukubukeka kwalo - kugcwele okwakhe nokuphikisana. Izinkonkoni zikwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km ngehora.
- Ukungacabangi - umzuzu nje owedlule, wabamba utshani ngokuthula, ehambisa umsila wakhe kude nezinambuzane ezicasulayo. Manje, egxilisa amehlo akhe, uyashesha futhi ugijimisa ikhanda, engenzi izindlela nezindlela. Futhi isizathu "sokuqhuma" okungazelelwe okunjalo asihlali siyizilwane ezicathayo. Ukuhlaselwa ukwethuka okungazelelwe nomjaho osangene kuyisici se-Wildebeest - yilezo zizathu zonke.
Futhi, isimo salesi silwane sishintsha kakhulu. Kuphakathi kokuthi ihlanganisa ubumsulwa obudl 'ubhedu nokuthula, bese kuba yingozi ngokungalindelekile - iqala ukuhlasela ezinye izilwane ezidla imfuyo eziseduze, bese ikhahlela, igxumagxume, ne-butt. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikwenza ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Ukuhlaselwa kobudlova obungenasisekelo kuyisici se-Wildebeest - yilezo zizathu zonke. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ema-zoo, abasebenzi bayanxuswa ukuba baqaphe futhi baqaphe ngokukhethekile maqondana ne-Wildebeest, hhayi inyathi, isibonelo. - Ukwalusa - Izinyamazane ze-Gnu zigcinwa emihlambini eminingi, efinyelela emakhanda angama-500 ngasikhathi sinye. Kulula ukusinda endaweni egcwele izilwane. Uma umuntu oyedwa eqaphela ingozi, khona-ke uxwayisa abanye ngesignali yomsindo, bese umhlambi wonke ugijimela ngokuhlakazeka.
Yilolu hlobo lwamaqhinga, futhi hhayi ukungqongqoza ndawonye, oluvumela iGnu ukuthi iphazamise isitha futhi ithenge isikhathi. Uma le nhlwathi ibhajwe odongeni, bese iqala ukuzivikela ngokunamandla - ukukhahlela nokukhahlela. Ngisho namabhubesi awazibeki engcupheni ngokuhlasela umuntu oqinile onempilo, ekhetha izilwane ezibuthakathaka, ezigulayo noma amawundlu ngezinhloso zawo. - Indawo - umhlambi ngamunye we-Wildebeest unesakhiwo sawo, esimakwe futhi sigadwe ngumholi. Uma umuntu ongaziwa ephula imingcele yendawo eqokiwe, khona-ke iWildebeest, ekuqaleni, izoveza ukungenami kwayo ngokuhogela okusabisayo, ukukhala nokushaya phansi ngezimpondo. Uma lezi zinyathelo ezesabekayo zingenamthelela, i-Wildebeest "izoguqa" - izogobisa ikhanda layo phansi ilungiselele ukuhlaselwa. Ubukhulu bezimpondo buvumela le nsephe ukuba ikholise impela ezingxabanweni zendawo.
- Ukungahlaliseki - Izinyamazane ze-Gnu azihlali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Ukufuduka kwazo njalo kuyakhuthazwa ukufuna ukudla - utshani obunamanzi obutsha obumila ezindaweni ezinamanzi, futhi isikhathi semvula siyadlula.
Ukufuduka okusebenzayo kwalezi zilwane kwenzeka kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuNovemba, njalo ngasohlangothini olufanayo - kusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho futhi okuphambene nalokho, ukuwela imifula efanayo, ukunqoba izithiyo ezifanayo.
Lo mgwaqo uba yindlela yangempela yokuphila. Endleleni kukhona ukuhlolwa okungenasihluku kwababuthaka nabagulayo. Ngabanamandla kuphela, abanempilo futhi… abanenhlanhla abafinyelela ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile, izinhlwathi zasendle azibulawa ngamazinyo ezilwane ezidla ezinye, kodwa zingaphansi kwezinyawo zezihlobo zazo, zigijimela emhlanjini ominyene lapho zihamba khona ngokufutheka noma lapho ziwela imifula, lapho kunogu lolwandle. Akuzona zonke izimpisi ezithanda ukuhambisa izindawo. Uma umhlambi unotshani obusha obuningi, khona-ke uhlala uzinzile.
Ukuthanda amanzi... Izinyamazane ziphuza amanzi. Badinga amanzi amaningi okuphuza, ngakho-ke bayakujabulela ukukhetha ogwini lwamadamu amadlelo, inqobo nje uma kungekho zingwenya ezomele igazi lapho. Amanzi ahlanzekile, izindawo zokugeza zodaka ezipholile notshani obumnandi kuyiphupho lezinkonkoni zonke.
Ilukuluku... Lesi sici sibonakala ku-Wildebeest. Uma le nhlwathi inentshisekelo ethile kokuthile, ingasondela entweni. Ilukuluku lizohlula ukwesaba ngokwemvelo.
Zingaki izinkonkoni ezihlala
Endle, i-Wildebeest isidedelwe iminyaka engama-20, ingasekho. Kunezingozi eziningi kakhulu empilweni yakhe. Kepha ekuthunjweni, unamathuba onke okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila aze afike kwikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinyamazane zihlala ezwenikazi i-Afrika, izingxenye zalo eziseningizimu nasempumalanga. Iningi labantu - ama-70% azinza eKenya. Abangu-30% abasele bahlala eNamibia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, bakhetha amathafa anotshani, amahlathi kanye nezindawo ezingasemizimbeni yamanzi, begwema izindawo ezomile ze-savanna.
Ukudla Kwe-Wildebeest
I-Wildebeest isilwane esidla imifino. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isisekelo sokudla kwayo ngukudla kwezitshalo - utshani obunamanzi obuncane, obufinyelela ku-10 cm ubude. Amahlathi amade kakhulu we-Wildebeest awahambisani nokunambitheka kwakho, ngakho-ke uncamela ukudla emadlelweni emva kwamadube, lapho echitha ukukhula okuphezulu, okuvimba ukufinyelela kotshani obuncane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngamahora angu-1 emini, i-Wildebeest idla u-4-5 kg wotshani, ichitha amahora afinyelela kwangu-16 ngosuku ngalolu hlobo lomsebenzi.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla okuthandayo, i-Wildebeest ingehlela ezinsizeni, amaqabunga ezihlahlana nezihlahla. Kepha lokhu kuyindlela yokugcina, kuze kufike umhlambi emadlelweni abawuthandayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Amabhubesi, izimpisi, izingwenya, izingwe nama-cheetah yizitha eziyinhloko ze-Wildebeest. Konke okusele ngemuva kwedili labo kuthathwa ngenjabulo ngamanqe.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Umjaho we-Wildebeest uqala ngo-Ephreli futhi uhlala izinyanga ezintathu, kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni. Lesi yisikhathi lapho abesilisa behlela imidlalo yokukhwelana nezimpi zokutholwa kwezintokazi. Udaba aluzi ekubulaleni nasekuchitheni igazi. Izinkonkoni ezingamadoda zizibophezela ekushayeni, ziguqe ngamadolo zibhekene. Lowo onqobayo, uthola abesifazane abayi-10-15 kuye. Labo abalahlwayo baphoqeleka ukuthi bazikhawulele koyedwa noma emibili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwakheka kwemihlambi yeWildebeest engafuduki iyathakazelisa. Amaqembu afudukayo afaka abantu bobubili ubulili kanye nayo yonke iminyaka. Futhi kuleyo mihlambi ehola impilo yokuhlala, abesifazane abanamathole kuze kube unyaka badla ngokuhlukile. Futhi abesilisa bakha amaqembu abo ama-bachelor, abashiya ebusheni futhi bezama ukuthola indawo yabo.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sikaGnu sihlala ezinyangeni ezingaphezu kwezingu-8, ngakho-ke inzalo izalwa ebusika kuphela - ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari, ngesikhathi lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula, futhi akukho ukushoda kokudla.
Utshani obusha bukhula ngokuxhuma kanye nemingcele, njengamathole asanda kuzalwa. Kakade sekuyimizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 izelwe, amawundlu aseWildebeest asukuma ema ngemilenzeni yawo, futhi ngemuva kwehora agijima ngokushesha.
I-antelope eyodwa, njengomthetho, izala ithole elilodwa, hhayi kabili. Wondla ngobisi kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala, yize izingane ziqala ukucwilisa utshani kusenesikhathi. Iwundlu lingaphansi kokunakekelwa komama ezinye izinyanga eziyi-9 ngemuva kokuphelelwa ubisi, bese kuphela lapho liqala ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Uqala ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngeminyaka emi-4.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinkalweni ezintathu ezisanda kuzalwa ze-Wildebeest, eyodwa kuphela esinda kuze kube unyaka. Bonke abanye baba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngekhulu le-19, i-wildebeest yayizingelwa ngenkuthalo ngabantu bendawo kanye namakholoni amabhunu, ababepha abasebenzi babo inyama yalezi zilwane. Ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwaqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Babuyela ezingqondweni zabo ngo-1870 kuphela, lapho kwakungasekho ama-Wildebeest angaphezu kuka-600 kuyo yonke i-Afrika.
Igagasi lesibili lamabhunu asemakoloni lalinakekela ukusindisa izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezisengozini. Bakha izindawo eziphephile zezinsalela zemihlambi yasendle eyasinda. Kancane kancane, inani lezinhlwathi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka labuyiselwa, kepha namuhla izinhlobo ezinomsila omhlophe zingatholakala kuphela endaweni yezinqolobane.
