Izindawo ezinomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba kuvame kakhulu, zibizwa ngamabhande wokuzamazama komhlaba. Endaweni enjalo, kunokuhamba okwandayo kwamapuleti e-lithospheric, okuyisizathu somsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo. Ososayensi bathi 95% wokuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuzamazama komhlaba.
Kunamabhande amabili amakhulu okunyikima komhlaba, asabalale izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha phansi olwandle nasemhlabeni. Le yiPacific ehlanganisiwe kanye neLediterean Mediterranean-Trans-Asian.
Ibhande lasePacific
Ibhande le-Pacific latitudinal lizungeza i-Pacific Ocean liya e-Indonesia. Ngaphezu kwe-80% yakho konke ukuzamazama komhlaba emhlabeni kwenzeka endaweni yayo. Leli bhande lidlula eziQhingini zase-Aleutian, lihlanganisa ugu olusentshonalanga yeMelika, eNyakatho naseNingizimu, lifinyelela eziqhingini zaseJapan naseNew Guinea. Ibhande lasePacific linamagatsha amane - entshonalanga, enyakatho, empumalanga naseningizimu. Lezi zokugcina azifundiswanga ngokwanele. Kulezi zindawo, umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba uzwakala, oholela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo kamuva.
Ingxenye esempumalanga ithathwa njengenkulu kunazo zonke kuleli bhande. Iqala eKamchatka futhi iphelele kulop yaseNingizimu Antilles. Engxenyeni esenyakatho kunomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuzamazama komhlaba, lapho abahlali baseCalifornia nakwezinye izindawo zaseMelika behlupheka khona.
Ibhande leMedithera-iTrans-Asia
Ukuqala kwaleli bhande lokuzamazama komhlaba eLwandle iMedithera. Ihamba ngezintaba eziseningizimu yeYurophu, idabule eNyakatho Afrika nase-Asia Minor, futhi ifinyelele ezintabeni zaseHimalaya. Kuleli bhande, izindawo ezisebenza kakhulu zingokulandelayo:
- AmaCarpathians aseRomania;
- insimu yase-Iran;
- Baluchistan;
- Hindu Kush.
Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi ongaphansi kwamanzi, kubhalwe olwandle lwaseNdiya nolwe-Atlantic, kufinyelela eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Antarctica. I-Arctic Ocean nayo iwela ebhande lokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ososayensi banikeze igama lebhande leMedithera-Trans-Asia "latitudinal", njengoba lisondela ngokulingana nenkabazwe.
Amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba
Amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba yimifudlana evela ekuqhumeni okwenziwe noma emthonjeni wokuzamazama komhlaba. Amagagasi omzimba anamandla futhi ahamba ngaphansi komhlaba, kepha ukudlidliza kuzwakala nangaphezulu. Ziyashesha kakhulu futhi zihamba ngemithombo yegesi enamanzi, ewuketshezi futhi eqinile. Umsebenzi wabo ngandlela thile ukhumbuza amagagasi omsindo. Phakathi kwazo kunamagagasi okusika noma awesibili, anokuhamba kancane kancane.
Ebusweni besikhumba somhlaba, amagagasi angaphezulu ayasebenza. Ukuhamba kwabo kufana nokunyakaza kwamagagasi emanzini. Banamandla okubhubhisa, futhi ukudlidliza okuvela esenzweni sabo kuzwakala kahle. Phakathi kwamagagasi angaphezulu kukhona ikakhulukazi abhubhisayo abakwaziyo ukusunduza amatshe.
Ngakho-ke, kunezindawo zokuzamazama komhlaba ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngokwemvelo lapho bekhona, ososayensi bathole amabhande amabili - iPacific neMedithera-iTrans-Asia. Ezindaweni lapho zivela khona, amaphuzu akhombisa ukuzamazama komhlaba atholakala kakhulu, lapho kuqhuma khona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Amabhande amancane wokuzamazama komhlaba
Amabhande amakhulu okuzamazama komhlaba yiPacific neMedithera-iTrans-Asia. Zizungeza indawo ebalulekile yomhlaba wethu, zinebanga elide. Kodwa-ke, akumelwe sikhohlwe ngesimo esinjengamabhande wesibili wokuzamazama komhlaba. Izindawo ezintathu ezinjalo zingahlukaniswa:
- isifunda sase-Arctic;
- oLwandle i-Atlantic;
- oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya.
Ngenxa yokuhamba kwamapuleti e-lithospheric, izinto ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami nezikhukhula kwenzeka kulezi zindawo. Mayelana nalokhu, izindawo eziseduze - amazwekazi kanye neziqhingi - zivame ukuba nezinhlekelele zemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, uma kwezinye izindawo umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba ungazwakali, kwezinye ungafinyelela amanani aphezulu esikalini sikaRichter. Izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu zivame ukuba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo, kutholakale ukuthi ingxenye esempumalanga yeplanethi iqukethe iningi lamabhande wesibili. Ukuqala kwebhande kuthathwa ePhilippines bese kwehlela e-Antarctica.
Indawo yokuzamazama komhlaba e-Atlantic Ocean
Ososayensi bathola indawo yokuzamazama komhlaba e-Atlantic Ocean ngo-1950. Le ndawo iqala ukusuka ogwini lwaseGreenland, idlule eduze neMid-Atlantic Submarine Ridge, bese iphelela esiqhingini saseTristan da Cunha. Umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba lapha uchazwa ngamaphutha amancane eMiddle Ridge, ngoba ukunyakaza kwamapuleti e-lithospheric kusaqhubeka lapha.
Umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba e-Indian Ocean
Isiqephu sokuzamazama komhlaba oLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya sisuka eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabia siye eningizimu, futhi sifinyelela e-Antarctica. Indawo yokuzamazama komhlaba lapha ihlotshaniswa neMid Indian Ridge. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuncane nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kwenzeka lapha ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-foci ayitholakali ngokujulile. Lokhu kungenxa yamaphutha amaningi we-tectonic.
Amabhande wokuzamazama komhlaba atholakala ebuhlotsheni obuseduze nosizo olungaphansi kwamanzi. Ngenkathi ibhande elilodwa lisendaweni esempumalanga ye-Afrika, leli lesibili linabela kuMozambique Channel. Izindishi zase-Oceanic ziyi-aseismic.
Indawo yokuzamazama komhlaba yase-Arctic
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kubonakala endaweni yase-Arctic. Ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo zodaka, kanye nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zokubhubhisa zenzeka lapha. Ochwepheshe baqapha imithombo emikhulu yokuzamazama komhlaba esifundeni. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba ophansi kakhulu uyenzeka lapha, kepha akunjalo. Lapho uhlela noma yimuphi umsebenzi lapha, njalo udinga ukuhlala uqaphile futhi uzilungiselele imicimbi eyahlukahlukene yokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba e-Arctic Basin kuchazwa ngokuba khona kweLomonosov Ridge, okuqhubeka kweMid-Atlantic Ridge. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda zase-Arctic zibonakala ngokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka emthambekeni wezwekazi lase-Eurasia, kwesinye isikhathi eNyakatho Melika.
