Izinyamazane zeMusk yisilwane esinenselo evulekile esifana nenyamazane, kodwa ngokungafani nayo, ayinazimpondo. Kodwa izinyamazane ze-musk zinezinye izindlela zokuzivikela - amazinyo akhula emihlathini engenhla yesilwane, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sidalwa esingenabungozi sithathwa njenge-vampire ephuza igazi lezinye izilwane.
Incazelo yezinyamazane ze-musk
Izinyamazane zeMusk zihlala endaweni ephakathi phakathi kwezinyamazane nezinyamazane zangempela... Lesi silwane singokomndeni wezinyamazane ze-musk, lapho uhlobo olulodwa lwesimanje sezinyamazane ze-musk nezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane ezinamazinyo ezinamazinyo zingasekho. Kuma-artiodactyls aphilayo, izinyamazane yizihlobo eziseduze zezinyamazane ze-musk.
Ukubukeka
Izinyamazane zeMusk azivamile ukukhula ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ubude. Ukuphakama kokubuna komuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke akubonanga ukudlula amasentimitha angama-80. Imvamisa, ukukhula kwalesi silwane kuncane kakhulu: kufika kuma-70 cm ekubuneni. Izinyamazane zeMusk zinesisindo esisuka ku-11 kuye ku-18 kg. Enye yezinto zayo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ubude bezingalo zangaphambili zalesi silwane esimangalisayo bufushane okukodwa kokuthathu kunemilenze yangemuva, yingakho i-sacrum yenyamazane ye-musk iphakeme ngo-5 noma 10 cm kunokubuna.
Ikhanda lakhe lincane, limise okonxantathu kuphrofayela. Ibanzi kugebhezi, kodwa ithinta ngasekupheleni kwesifonyo, nasendalweni ingxenye engaphambili yekhanda inkulu kakhulu kunabesifazane balolu hlobo. Izindlebe zinkulu futhi zibekwe phezulu - cishe phezulu kwekhanda. Ngokuma kwawo okuyindilinga emaphethelweni, afana nezindlebe ze-kangaroo kunezindlebe zezinyamazane. Amehlo awakhulu kakhulu futhi ahamba phambili, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ayabonisa, njengezinye izinyamazane nezinhlobo ezihlobene nazo. Abamele lolu hlobo abanayo i-lacrimal fossa ejwayelekile kwamanye ama-artiodactyl amaningi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zenyamazane ye-musk yimikhono emincane, egobile kancane emhlathini ongenhla, okukhumbuza amazinyo amancane atholakala kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Kuphela kwabesifazane ama-canines mancane futhi awakwazi ukubonwa, futhi kwabesilisa ama-canines afinyelela ku-7-9 cm ubude, okwenza abe yisikhali esesabekayo, esifanelekile ngokulingana kokubili ukuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye kanye nemiqhudelwano phakathi kwabamele uhlobo olufanayo.
Uboya balesi silwane bujiyile futhi buyafisa, kodwa buya brittle. Umbala unombala onsundu noma onsundu. AmaJuuniles anezindawo ezimpunga ngokukhanyayo emhlane nasemaceleni awo. Uboya bezinwele buqukethe ikakhulukazi i-awn, ingubo yangaphansi ayivezwanga kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuningi boboya bayo, inyamazane ye-musk ayigodoli ngisho nasebusika obukhulu kakhulu baseSiberia, futhi ukufudumeza okushisayo koboya bayo ukuthi iqhwa alincibiliki ngisho nangaphansi kwesilwane esilele phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya balesi silwane abumanzi, obuvumela ukuthi buhlale bugeleza kalula lapho uwela amanzi.
Umzimba wenyamazane ye-musk, ngenxa yoboya bayo obukhulu, ubukeka ukhulu kakhulu kunalokho oyikho ngempela. Imilenze yangaphambili iqonde futhi iqinile. Imilenze yangemuva inemisipha futhi iqinile. Ngenxa yokuthi imilenze yangemuva mide kunaleyo yangaphambili, igobeke ngokuqinile emadolweni futhi imvamisa isilwane siyibeke ethambekeni, okwenza kubonakale sengathi inyamazane ye-musk ihamba ngokungathi iyaququda. Izinselo ziphakathi nendawo futhi zikhombe, zinezinzwane ezakhiwe kahle zangasemuva.
Umsila mncane ngosayizi kangangokuba kunzima ukuwubona ngaphansi koboya obukhulu obukhulu nobude ngokwedlulele.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
Izinyamazane zeMusk zikhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila yodwa: ngisho namaqembu omndeni wabantu aba-2-4 bale nhlobo angabonakala kaningi... Emaqenjini anjalo, izilwane ziziphatha ngokuthula, kepha ziyaxwaya futhi zinobutha nabamele abafokazi bezinhlobo zazo. Abesilisa bamaka indawo yabo, okuthi, kuye ngesizini, ngamahektha ayi-10-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu bakwenza ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile ze-musk eziseziswini zabo.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kuvame ukuba nokulwa okukhulu phakathi kwabesilisa bezinyamazane ze-musk, kwesinye isikhathi kuphele ngokufa kwesinye sezimbangi. Kepha sonke isikhathi, la ma-artiodactyls ahola impilo enokuthula nokuzola.
Ngenxa yokuzwa kwaso okucashile, lesi silwane sizwa ngokuphelele ukuqhuma kwamagatsha aphuka noma ukuqhuma kweqhwa ngaphansi kwezidladla zesilwane esisondela kuso, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusibamba singalindele. Kuphela ngezinsuku ezinobudlova kakhulu zasebusika, lapho izivunguvungu zesivunguvungu kanye nezivunguvungu zeqhwa zivutha, namagatsha ezihlahla aqhephuka ehlathini namagatsha ezihlahla ephuka ngenxa yomoya, izinyamazane ze-musk zingezwa ngisho nokusondela kwesilwane esidlayo, ngokwesibonelo, iphakethe lempisi noma ibhere lokuxhuma, futhi lingabi ngesikhathi zicashe kuye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abantu balolu hlobo, abahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, basungule indlela yabo yokuphunyuka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye: bavele bashiye izingqimba ezincane nezimbotshana zilenga phezu kwalasha ongenamkhawulo baye endaweni ephephile, lapho belinda khona usongo lokuhlaselwa. Izinyamazane zeMusk zikwazi ukwenza lokhu ngenxa yobuhle bayo bemvelo nokuvika, ngenxa yokuthi ingagxuma onqenqemeni lwezintaba futhi idlule emakhoneni amancane alengiswe emaweni.
Lesi yisilwane esixakile nesivukelayo, esikwazi ukudida ithrekhi futhi siguqule ngokuzumayo indlela lapho sibaleka. Kepha ayikwazi ukugijima isikhathi eside: iyakhathala ngokushesha futhi kufanele ime ukuze ibambe umoya wayo.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inyamazane ye-musk
Endaweni yasendle, izinyamazane ze-musk zihlala ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni emi-4 ukuya kwemihlanu. Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sayo sokuphila sanda izikhathi ezingama-2-3 futhi sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-14.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ubukhona bezinkukhu ezincane, ezihlanganisiwe, ezifika kubude obungu-7-9 cm.Abesifazane nabo banama-canines, kodwa mancane kakhulu futhi acishe angabonakali, kuyilapho ama-canines abesilisa esabonakala kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa unokhakhayi olubanzi nolukhulu ngokwengeziwe, noma kunalokho, ingxenye yalo engaphambili, nezinqubo ze-supraorbital nemengamo kuvezwa kangcono kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngokuqondene nokwehluka kombala wejazi noma osayizi bezilwane zobulili obuhlukile, azivezwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zezinyamazane ze-Musk
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziphilayo njengamanje zohlobo lwe-musk deer:
- Izinyamazane zaseSiberia. Ihlala eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, eMongolia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, naseNhlonhlweni YaseKorea.
- Izinyamazane ze-Himalaya musk. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, ihlala esifundeni saseHimalaya.
- Izinyamazane ezibomvu ezibomvu. Uhlala ezifundeni ezimaphakathi naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina, eningizimu yeTibet, kanye naseBhutan, Nepal nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya.
- I-musk deer kaBerezovsky. Kuzalwa enkabeni naseningizimu yeChina nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeVietnam.
- Anhui musk inyamazane. Kwande esifundazweni sase-Anhui empumalanga yeChina.
- I-Kashmir musk inyamazane. Uhlala enyakatho yeNdiya, ePakistan futhi mhlawumbe enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afghanistan.
- Inyamazane emnyama yemiski. Ihlala enyakatho yeChina, eBurma, kanye naseNdiya, eBhutan naseNepal.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inyamazane edume kakhulu kunayo yonke yesimanje, inyamazane yaseSiberia, ihlala ebangeni elikhulu: eMpumalanga yeSiberia, empumalanga yeHimalaya, kanye naseSakhalin naseKorea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asezintabeni, ikakhulukazi ama-coniferous, lapho kungaba nzima ukufinyelela ezilwaneni ezidlayo noma kubantu.
Okubalulekile! Ngenxa yokuthi inyamazane ye-musk iyisilwane esinamahloni futhi esiqaphe kakhulu, izama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kubantu: emahlathini amahlathi, e-fir eminyene noma emahlathini asezintabeni, kanye nasemagqumeni amakhulu.
Njengomthetho, inamathela emngceleni wamamitha ayi-600-900 ngaphezu kolwandle, yize kwesinye isikhathi ingakhuphuka ifike kumamitha ayi-1600 ezintabeni. Kepha eHimalaya naseTibet ingakhuphuka amawa atholakala kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Uma kunesidingo, angakhuphuka amawa anjalo asezintabeni, lapho abantu bezokwazi khona ukukhuphuka, besebenzisa kuphela imishini yokuqwala izintaba.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane ze-Musk
Ebusika, ukudla kwezinyamazane ze-musk kucishe kube ngama-95% ama-lichen ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi awadla ezihlahleni ezigawulwa ngumoya. Ngasikhathi sinye, iqoqa ukudla, le artiodactyl ingakhuphuka isiqu somuthi esikhula sibheke phezulu ngamamitha ayi-3-4 futhi igxume ngobuciko isuka egatsheni iye egatsheni. Ngenkathi efudumele, "imenyu" yabamele lolu hlobo iyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa yesipikili noma izinaliti zemisedari, kanye namaqabunga e-blueberry, ama-fern, ama-horsetails nezinye izitshalo zesambulela. Kodwa-ke, isilwane singazidla izinaliti nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kufaka phakathi nasebusika.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyamazane zeMusk ziyaqikelela kakhulu ngobulembu obukhula endaweni yesiza sayo: ngisho nangesikhathi sokulamba kakhulu, izama ukungazidli ngokuphelele, kepha ziyaziqoqa kancane kancane ukuze ziqhubeke zikhula endaweni yehlathi ekhethwe yisilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, singasho ukuthi yizinaliti ze-fir noma zemisedari ezicebisa ukudla kwakhe, okungekho kahle ngenkathi ebandayo, ngamavithamini, nama-phytoncides aqukethwe izinaliti, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusebenza njengohlobo lomuthi futhi kuvikela izinyamazane ze-musk ezifweni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi efudumele, uzama kakhulu ukudla okunye ukudla kwezitshalo ukuze onondweba balulame ngaphambi kobusika obulandelayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kusukela ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba, abesilisa baqala ukumaka indawo yabo: bangafaka amamaki angafika kuma-50 ngosuku. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, baba nolaka ikakhulukazi: bavikela impahla yabo nabesifazane ekungenelweni yizimbangi. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, izimpi zangempela ngaphandle kwemithetho zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi okugcina kugcine ngokufa.
Kuliqiniso, ekuqaleni izilwane zizama ukwesabisa futhi ziphoqe ukuba zihlehle ngaphandle kokulwa. Lapho behlangana, abesilisa bahamba bezungeza imbangi ebangeni elingamamitha ama-5-7 ukusuka kuye, bekhulisa uboya emzimbeni futhi bavala amazinyo amahle we-canine. Njengomthetho, owesilisa omncane akameli kulokhu kubonakaliswa kwamandla kusuka kumbangi onamandla nokuhlehla ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela empini. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kuqala impi futhi izinselo eziqinile namazinyo abukhali asevele esetshenziswa.
Izilwane zishayana ngenkani ngemilenze yangaphambili ngaphambili nasemqulwini, ngenkathi zigxumela phezulu, okwenza igalelo elinjalo libe namandla kakhulu. Ngamazinyo akhe, inyamazane yamaski ingamlimaza kabi lowo ophikisana naye, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ngisho nama-canine ngokwawo awamelani namandla okushaywa aqhume. Ngemuva kokukhwelana kwenzeka ngoDisemba noma ngoJanuwari, insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa noma amabili ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-185-195 zokukhulelwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izingane zizalwa ehlobo futhi, kungakapheli amahora ambalwa zizelwe, ziyekwe zodwa. Insikazi iyazisusa lapho kuzalelwe khona amawundlu izishiye zodwa.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, inyamazane ye-musk ayihambi kude nezingane: iyazivikela futhi izondle ngobisi kabili ngosuku izinyanga ezingama-3-5. Lapho sezifinyelele kule minyaka, izilwane ezincane sezivele zingaphila ngokuzimela.
Kepha umuntu akufanele acabange ukuthi inyamazane yomski ngumama omubi. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi amawundlu awo engenakuzisiza futhi ancike kuye, insikazi isondele ezinganeni futhi ibhekisisa ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini umhlaseli eduze. Uma usongo lokuhlaselwa lube ngokoqobo, umama wezinyamazane ze-musk uxwayisa inzalo yakhe ngamasignali omsindo nangokugxuma okuhlukile kokuthi isitha siseduze futhi kuyadingeka ukucasha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi, ngisho ifaka impilo yayo engcupheni, izama ukudonsela ukunaka kwesilwane hhayi ezinganeni, kodwa kuye, futhi lapho iphumelela, imsusa kude namazinyane ayo. Lawa ma-artiodactyl afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-15-18, ngemuva kwalokho angaqala ukuzala esikhathini sokuqala sokukhwelana.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, izinyamazane ze-musk zinezitha eziningi. Ingozi enkulu kuye eMpumalanga Ekude nase-Asia yi-harza - i-martens enkulu kunazo zonke, enomkhuba wokuzingela ama-ungulates emaqenjini emindeni. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izinyamazane ze-musk nazo zingabukwa ngama-lynxes.
Okubalulekile! Azikho ezilwaneni ezidlayo, ngokungafani nabantu abaqothule inyamazane ye-musk amakhulu eminyaka futhi bazibeka onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, ezingathathwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu ebukhoneni balolu hlobo.
Ngaphezu kwazo, izimpisi nezimpungushe nazo ziyingozi kulezi zilwane. Izimpisi, amabhere, nama-sables nawo azingela izinyamazane ze-musk, kepha kaningi futhi ngempumelelo engaphansi kune-harza efanayo noma i-lynx, ngakho-ke akunakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zilwane ezintathu zidala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bezinyamazane ze-musk.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inani lemfuyo yezinyamazane ze-musk lehla ngokuncipha ngenxa yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho... Ngakho-ke, uma ngo-1988 cishe cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-170 zalezi artiodactyls zazihlala endaweni yezwe lethu, ngakho-ke ngo-2002 inani lazo lehle kahlanu. Ngenhlanhla, abantu babamba ngesikhathi futhi baletha lesi silwane kumaRed Data Books aseRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Lezi zinyathelo sezivele ziveze imiphumela: ngo-2016, inani lezinyamazane ze-musk eRussia lafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-125. Izinyamazane zaseSiberia zaklonyeliswa ngesimo seVulnerable Species.
Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, isimo sengqondo sabantu ngezinyamazane ze-musk sasiyindida. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayizingelwa ngenkuthalo inyama, okubhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kwezinye izindawo zendawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo, futhi-ke, nomfudlana odumile we-musky, ezikhathini zasendulo owawuthathwa njengokwelapha izifo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili, ngokusho komuthi wendabuko wasempumalanga.
Okubalulekile! Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane ze-musk, okuyilezi: Izinyamazane ze-Himalayan musk, inyamazane enemisipha ebomvu, i-Berezovsky's musk deer, i-Ankhoi musk deer, i-Kashmir musk deer, i-black musk deer, ziyizilwane ezisengozini, kanti ezinye zazo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Kwezinye izizwe zaseSiberia ezihlala kulesi sifunda, inyamazane ye-musk yayiwumfanekiso wamandla amnyama: yayithathwa njenge-vampire kanye ne-accomplicice yemimoya emibi, futhi ukuhlangana nayo kwakuyibika elibi, okufanekisela izinkathazo namashwa. Ezinye izakhamizi zomdabu zalezo zindawo zazikholelwa ukuthi inyamazane yama-musk yayingumsizi we-shaman, futhi amazinyo ayo abhekwa njengesiphonso esinamandla. Ikakhulu, ngenxa yokumba eSiberia, kwaziwa ukuthi abameleli bezizwe zasendaweni balengisa amazinyo alezi zilwane njengentelezi yokuxosha imimoya emibi ezalweni zezingane eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule.
Eziningi zalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo zabulawa esikhathini esedlule ukukhishwa kwendlala ekhipha imiski, esetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha njengesilungisi samakha, ngenxa yokuthi ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokubulawa kwalezi artiodactyls kufinyelele ezilinganisweni ezingakaze zibonwe. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abantu abanonembeza omkhulu befuna indlela yokuthola imiski ngaphandle kokubulala inyamazane ye-musk. Futhi ekugcineni, kwasungulwa indlela yokukhishwa ngaphandle kwegazi kwe-musk, lapho isilwane singagcini nje ngokuhlala, kepha futhi asiboni ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo.... Futhi ukuze kuqhutshekwe kwenziwe lula ukukhishwa kwempepho eyigugu, inyamazane ye-musk yaqala ukwenziwa ekuthunjweni, okungavumeli kuphela ukugcwalisa amakha nemakethe yezokwelapha ngenani elidingekayo le-musk, kepha futhi kunomthelela ekwandeni kwenani lohlobo.
