Ama-liger angesinye sezilwane ezimangalisa kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, adalwe hhayi ngemvelo kangako ngokubamba iqhaza komuntu. Makhulu kakhulu, mahle futhi anomusa, njengazo zonke ezinye izinambuzane, izilwane ezidla ezinye, zifana kakhulu namabhubesi asemhumeni asephelile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekubukekeni nasesimweni salezi zilwane ezinamandla futhi ezibabazekayo, kunezici ezitholakala kubazali bazo ngamunye - umama-tigress kanye nobaba wengonyama.
Incazelo yama-ligers
I-Liger iyingxube yebhubesi lesilisa nehlosi lensikazi, elihlukaniswa yisimo sobudlelwano futhi esinokuthula. Lezi yizilwane ezinamandla futhi ezinhle kakhulu zomndeni we-feline, ubukhulu bazo obungenakuqhakambisa.
Ukubukeka, ubukhulu
Ama-liger abhekwa ngokufanele njengabamele abakhulu kakhulu bohlobo lwe-panther. Ubude bomzimba emadodeni buvame ukusukela kumamitha ama-3 kuye kwayi-3.6, kanti isisindo sidlula ama-300 kg. Ngisho namabhubesi amakhulu kakhulu acishe abe yingxenye yesithathu kunezimbewu ezinjalo futhi anesisindo esincane kakhulu kunawo. Abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bancane kancane: ubude bomzimba wabo ngokuvamile abudluli kumamitha amathathu, futhi isisindo sabo singama-320 kg.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-liger akhula kakhulu ngenxa yezici ezithile ze-genotype yawo. Iqiniso ngukuthi kumahlosi asendle namabhubesi, izakhi zofuzo zikababa zinika inzalo amandla okukhula futhi akhuluphale, kuthi izakhi zofuzo zikamama zinqume ukuthi ukukhula kufanele kuyeke nini. Kepha kumahlosi, umphumela ovimbelayo wama-chromosomes kamama ubuthakathaka, yingakho ubukhulu benzalo ye-hybrid bungenamkhawulo.
Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-liger aqhubeka nokukhula impilo yabo yonke, kepha manje kuyaziwa ukuthi la makati akhula aze afike eminyakeni eyisithupha kuphela.
Ngaphandle, ama-liger abukeka efana nezilwane zasendulo ezingasekho: izingonyama zomhume futhi ngokwengxenye, izingonyama zaseMelika. Zinomzimba omkhulu ngokwedlulele futhi onemisipha, onokunwebeka okuthe xaxa komzimba kunokwengonyama, futhi umsila wazo ubukeka njengehlosi kunowengonyama.
I-mane emadodeni alezi zinhlobo ayivamile, cishe ezimweni ezingama-50% zokuzalwa kwezilwane ezinjalo, uma kunjalo, khona-ke iyancishiswa, kepha ngasikhathi sinye iminyene futhi iminyene. Ngokuminyana, imane le-liger likhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunelengonyama, kuyilapho livame ukuba lide futhi libe likhulu ezingeni lamathambo kanye nentamo yesilwane, kanti ingaphezulu lekhanda cishe alinazo nhlobo izinwele ezinde.
Inhloko yalamakati inkulu, ukuma kwesifonyo kanye nogebhezi kusikhumbuza okwengonyama. Izindlebe ziphakathi nendawo, ziyindilinga, zimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane futhi ezibushelelezi. Amehlo atshekile kancane, amile okwe-alimondi, anombala wegolide noma we-amber. Amajwabu amehlo asikiwe amnyama anika iLiger iso layo elijwayelekile lesilwane, kepha ukuthula nokuzola okunesizotha.
Izinwele ezisemzimbeni, ekhanda, emilenzeni nasemsileni azizinde, ziminyene futhi ziwugqinsi; abesilisa bangaba nokufana kwemane ngendlela yesiphika entanyeni nape.
Umbala wejazi uligolide, isihlabathi noma nsundu ngokuphuzi, kungenzeka ukukhanyisa isizinda esikhulu sicishe sibe mhlophe kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Kuwo kunemivimbo efiphele engacacile futhi, kaningi, ama-rosettes, abonakala kakhulu kuma-liger kunabantu abadala. Ngokuvamile, umthunzi wejazi, kanye nokugcwala kanye nokuma kwemivimbo nama-rosettes, kunqunywa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsizakalo zabazali be-liger ethile, nokuthi izakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokufakwa kwezinwele zezilwane uqobo zisatshalaliswa kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwama-liger ajwayelekile, ansundu ngegolide, kukhona nabantu abalula - ukhilimu noma ocishe ube mhlophe ngombala, ngamehlo egolide noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bazalwa ngomama bama-tigress amhlophe nalawo abizwa ngamabhubesi amhlophe, empeleni, aphuzi ngokukhanyayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
ILiger inesimo esifanayo kubo bobabili unina-tigress noyise wengonyama. Uma amahlosi ethanda ukuphila impilo eyedwa futhi engathandi kakhulu ukuxhumana ngisho nezihlobo zawo, ama-liger yizilwane ezijwayelene kakhulu, ngokusobala zijabulela ukunakwa ngumuntu wawo wobukhosi ngokweqiniso, okubenza bafane namabhubesi ngesimilo. Kumahlosi, azuza njengekhono lokubhukuda kahle nangokugeza ngokuzithandela echibini noma echibini elenzelwe bona ngokukhethekile.
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-liger iyinhlobo etholakala kuphela ekuthunjweni ngakho-ke kusukela ekuzalweni isondelene kakhulu nabantu ababondlayo, abakhulisayo nabaqeqeshayo, akusona isilwane esithambile.
AmaLiger ahle kakhulu ekufundeni ubuqili besekisi futhi angabonakala emibukisweni nasemidlalweni eyahlukahlukene, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, njengabazali babo, bayaqhubeka nokuba yizilwane ezinemikhuba nemvelo yabo.
Kuyiqiniso, ngenxa yokuthi ama-liger athola ukudla kubaqaphi be-zoo noma esekisini, abazi ukuthi bangazingela kanjani bodwa.
Okungenzeka kakhulu, uma isilwane esinjalo ngasizathu simbe sizithola sisendaweni yasendle yanoma yimuphi umzali waso, siyobe sesizobhujiswa, ngoba, naphezu kobukhulu baso obukhulu namandla omzimba, i-liger ibingenamandla okuzitholela ukudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imininingwane yokuqala ebhalwe ngokusemthethweni ngama-liger ihlehlela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi lona kanye igama le-hybrid - "liger", laqanjwa ngawo-1830s. Usosayensi wokuqala owaba nentshisekelo kwi-mestizo yebhubesi ne-tigress futhi washiya izithombe zabo kwakungu-naturalist waseFrance u-Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, owathi ngo-1798 wenza umdwebo walezi zilwane, azibona kuye, kwenye yama-albhamu akhe.
Mangaki ama-liger ahlala
Isikhathi sempilo samaLiger sincike ngqo ezimweni zokugcina nokudla kwazo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-liger awakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngempilo enhle: anokuthambekela komdlavuza, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa kanye nesifo samathambo, ngakho-ke, iningi labo aliphili isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, amacala amaningi aqashelwe lapho ama-liger asinda ngenjabulo aze afike eminyakeni engama-21 noma engama-24.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abesifazane bahlukaniswa ukukhula kwabo okuncane nesisindo somzimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, banomzimba onomusa kakhulu kunowabesilisa futhi akukho nokuncane ukusikisela kobukhona bemane.
Bangobani ama-liligers
Ama-Liliger yi-mestizo ye-ligress nebhubesi. Ngaphandle, zibukeka kakhulu njengezingonyama kunonina. Kuze kube manje, amacala ambalwa kuphela aziwa lapho ama-ligresses eletha inzalo emabhubesini, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngokuthakazelisayo, iningi lama-liligers azelwe kwakungabesifazane.
Abaphenyi abaningi banesimo sengqondo esingesihle mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuzalela ama-liger, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi banempilo ebuthakathaka ukwedlula ama-liger, ngakho-ke akunasisekelo ukuthola ama-nzalo, ngombono wabo, ukusebenza okungabazisayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
AmaLiger ahlala kuphela ekuthunjweni. Lezi zilwane zizalelwa ema-zoo, kaningi zichitha impilo yazo yonke esibayeni noma ezindlini zezinyoni, yize ezinye zazo zigcina emasekisini, lapho zifundiswa khona ubuqili futhi zikhonjiswe emphakathini ngesikhathi sokudlala.
ERussia, ama-liger agcinwa ema-zoo aseLipetsk naseNovosibirsk, kanye nasemaphoyiseni ama-mini atholakala eSochi naseduze nomgwaqo omkhulu iVladivostok-Nakhodka.
Abakhulu kakhulu kuma-liger, hhayi abakhuluphele ngokweqile, owesilisa uHercules, uhlala eMiami epaki yokuzijabulisa "i-Jungle Island". Lesi silwane, sahlonishwa ukuthi sifakwe eGuinness Book of Records ngo-2006 njengesikati esikhulu kunazo zonke, sihlukaniswa yimiqemane futhi sinamathuba onke okuba yisibindi esinde sohlobo lwaso.
Ukudla okuningana
Ama-liger yizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi akhetha inyama entsha kunakho konke okunye ukudla. Isibonelo, omkhulu kunabo bonke abamele lolu hlobo, i-liger Hercules, udla inyama engu-9 kg ngosuku. Ngokuyinhloko, ukudla kwakhe kuqukethe inyama yenkomo, inyama yehhashi noma inkukhu. Ngokuvamile, wayengadla kuze kufike ku-45 kg wenyama ngosuku futhi ngokudla okunjalo ngabe kufinyelele kumarekhodi angama-700 kilograms, kepha ngasikhathi sinye wayekhuluphele futhi engakwazi ukuhamba kahle.
Ngaphezu kwenyama, ama-liger adla izinhlanzi, kanye neminye imifino kanye nama-vithamini namaminerali okunezelwa ukondla, ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwazo okujwayelekile nokukhula, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni zalesi silwane.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Noma ngabe livela ithuba lokuthi i-liger ivele lapho igcina ibhubesi ne-tigress esibayeni esifanayo kungu-1-2%, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngokuthi kuvame kangakanani ukuthola inzalo ngabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-liger angamaduna, futhi abesifazane, yize benganikeza amawundlu ezingonyameni zamabhubesi noma, kaningi, amahlosi, njengomthetho, ekugcineni angabi omama abahle kakhulu.
I-liliger yowesifazane wokuqala, owazalelwa eNovosibirsk Zoo ngo-2012, ngenxa yokuthi umama wakhe wayengenalo ubisi, wondliwa yikati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Futhi amawundlu e-ligress Marusya avela eSochi mini-zoo, azalwa entwasahlobo ka-2014, ondliwa yinja engumalusi.
Ama-Tiliger - amawundlu we-ligress ne-tiger, nawo azalelwa ekuthunjweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusuka kumahlosi, i-ligresses ingaletha inzalo eningi, ukwahlulela ngeqiniso lokuthi kudoti wokuqala owaziwayo kwakukhona ama-tiligrits amahlanu, kanti kusukela ezingonyameni, njengomthetho, izingane ezingaphezu kwezintathu azizalwanga ngabesifazane balolu hlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Tiliger, njengama-liger, ahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo omkhulu nesisindo esimangazayo. Njengamanje, kunamacala amabili aziwayo wokuzalwa kwala mawundlu futhi zombili izikhathi azalwa eGreat Winnwood Exotic Animal Park, etholakala e-Oklahoma. Ubaba kadoti wokuqala we-tiligers kwakuyingwe emhlophe yaseBengal egama linguKahun, kanti eyesibili kwakuyi-Amur tiger Noy.
Izitha zemvelo
AmaLiger, kanye nama-liliger kanye nama-tiligr, ahlala kuphela ekuthunjweni, awakaze abe nezitha zemvelo.
Uma sithatha ukuthi la makati amakhulu ngabe asendle, ezindaweni zokuhlala kwamabhubesi kanye namahlosi, lapho-ke bazoba nezitha zemvelo ezifanayo nabamele lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zezilwane.
Isibonelo, e-Afrika, izingwenya zingaba usongo kuma-liger, kuthi izingwe ezinkulu, zibone izimpisi nezinja zempisi kubantwana, abantu asebekhulile nababuthakathaka.
E-Asia, lapho kutholakala khona amahlosi, izingwe, izimpisi ezibomvu, izimpisi ezinemishwe, izimpungushe, izimpisi, amabhere, izinhlwathi nezingwenya kungaba yingozi ezinganeni noma kuma-liger asekhulile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokweqiniso, i-liger ayinakubhekwa njengohlobo oluhlukile lwezilwane nhlobo, ngoba izinhlobo ezinjalo azifanele ukuzalana phakathi kwazo. Kungalesi sizathu la makati enganikwanga ngisho nesimo sokongiwa kwemvelo, yize inani lawo lincane kakhulu.
Njengamanje, inani lama-liger emhlabeni wonke lingaphezu nje kwabantu abangama-20.
AmaLiger, angumphumela wokuwela ngephutha kwengonyama yeduna neyingwe yezinsikazi, athathwa njengamakhulu kunawo wonke ama-feline. Ukukhula kwalezi zilwane, emi ngezinyawo zazo zangemuva, kungafinyelela kumamitha amane, futhi isisindo sazo sidlula kakhulu ama-300 kg. Ubukhulu obukhulu, ubudlelwano, ikhono elihle lokufunda nokubukeka okwenza ama-liger abukeke njengamabhubesi emhumeni anyamalale ePleistocene abenza bahehe ngokukhethekile njengezakhamuzi zase-zoo noma izilwane zamasekisi. Kepha izinhlangano eziningi zokuvikela izilwane ezivikela ubumsulwa bezinhlobo zezilwane ziphikisana ngokuqinile nabantu abathola inzalo ebhubesini naku-tigress ngenzuzo, ngoba, ngokusho kwabaphenyi abaningi, ama-liger abuhlungu kakhulu futhi awaphili isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, amacala lapho la makati ehlale ekuthunjweni iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu aphikisa lokhu kucabanga. Futhi ama-liger awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi abuhlungu nawo. Ngempela, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokondliwa, lezi zilwane zihlukaniswa yimpilo enhle nokusebenza, okusho ukuthi, okungenani ngombono, zingaphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele, mhlawumbe zide nangaphezulu kunehlosi elijwayelekile noma ibhubesi elihlala ezimweni ezifanayo.
