I-kangaroo empunga ungummeleli omangalisayo futhi omuhle ngokungajwayelekile wezimbali nezilwane zase-Australia. I-kangaroo enkulu empunga ibizwa nangokuthi i-kangaroo enkulu. Lolu hlobo lwesilwane, kuya ngesifunda lapho kuhlala khona, luhlukaniswe lwaba ngama-subspecies amabili ngaphezulu: entshonalanga nasempumalanga. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-subspecies amabili awakaze awele, futhi ekuthunjweni anganikeza kahle inzalo ehlangene. Ama-kangaroo empunga empumalanga aphethe irekhodi lobukhulu nesisindo phakathi kwezihlobo zawo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-kangaroo empunga
Ama-kangaroo amele izilwane ezincelisayo ze-chordate, ezihlukaniswe ngokulandelana kwama-marsupials ama-incisor amabili, umndeni we-kangaroo, uhlobo lwama-kangaroo amakhulu. Kukhulunywa okokuqala ngalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ngo-1606, lapho owokuzalwa eNetherlands ehlola i-Australia yanamuhla.
Kumanothi akhe, uchaze isilo esimangalisayo, abantu basendaweni abasibiza ngokuthi "genguru". Onke amalungu ohambo azumangaze ngesilwane esingavamile, esingakaze sibonwe nemikhuba yaso nelukuluku. Ngemva kokufunda amanothi womcwaningi namalungu eqembu lakhe, izazi zezilwane zaleso sikhathi zaba nesithakazelo kulo mmeleli wezitshalo nezilwane zase-Australia.
Ividiyo: Grey Kangaroo
Ososayensi benze ucwaningo oluningi lofuzo ukuthola imvelaphi nokuvela kwama-kangaroo. Ngokuya ngemiphumela etholakele, bekungenzeka kutholakale ukuthi abasunguli bohlobo lohlobo lwama-prooptodon. Babengenazo izitho zangemuva ezinde kangako, ngakho-ke babengenawo amandla okugxuma njengezilwane zesimanje. Izitho zangemuva zazisetshenziswa yizilwane ukukhipha izinyawo. Ama-Procoptodons afa ngokuphelele eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-15 edlule.
Abanye abacwaningi bathole ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-kangaroo empunga anamuhla, ama-procoptodon namagundane e-musk kangaroo. Isisindo samagundane sasingama-800 - 1000 amagremu. Bahlukaniswa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu nokusinda. Zijwayela kahle cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo zemvelo. Kutholakale ukuthi amagundane e-kangaroo ayesekhona emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30 edlule. Izilwane zazidla konke okudliwayo futhi zihlala cishe yonke indawo, kufaka phakathi izihlahla. Zibe sezisakazeka ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene futhi zaveza izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane.
Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke we-kangaroo ompunga owesilisa, obude bakhe budlule amamitha amathathu kanti isisindo somzimba wakhe sasingama-65.5 kilograms.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-kangaroo empunga yezilwane
I-kangaroo empunga ibhekwa njengesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ezikhona. Ukukhula kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama. Isici esihlukile sezinhlobo umsila omude kakhulu, onamandla, ubude bawo obucishe bulingane nobude bomzimba. Isilinganiso sobude bomsila siyimitha elilodwa.
Umsila unomsebenzi wokulinganisa futhi usetshenziselwa ukugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi ugxuma. Uma izilwane zizivikela, noma zingena empini, zincika emsileni wazo bese zishaya umphikisi ngemilenze yazo yangemuva. Isisindo somuntu omdala sisuka kuma-30 kuya kuma-70 kilogram. Ezilwaneni, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyavezwa, futhi abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane, kwesinye isikhathi cishe kabili.
Izilwane zinamajazi aminyene, hhayi amade futhi anokhahlo. Umbala wayo unqunywa yisifunda sendawo ehlala kuyo. Ijazi lingaba nsundu ngokukhanyayo, mpunga, noma mpunga ojulile. Indawo yentamo, isifuba nesisu ilula ngokugqamile kunezinye zonke izitho zomzimba. Izilwane zinekhanda elincane nezindlebe ezinde eziphumayo.
Imilenze yangemuva ibanzi kakhulu, inamandla futhi yinde. Ubude babo bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-50-65. Zinamazipho amade nemisipha eqinile, ekhule kahle kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, imilenze yangaphambili ibonakala incane kakhulu futhi ibuthakathaka. Baneminwe emihlanu, kanti ama-marsupial abo avamise ukusetshenziswa njengezandla, ukuthatha ukudla akubeke emlonyeni. Abesifazane banesikhwama esikhethekile esiswini esingezansi, esenzelwe ukuhambisa nokukhulisa izingane.
Ihlala kuphi i-kangaroo empunga?
Isithombe: AmaGrey Kangaroos ase-Australia
Izwe lesilwane liyi-Australia, ikakhulukazi, cishe yonke iQueensland. AmaMarsupials asakazeke cishe kulo lonke leli zwekazi. Okuhlukile yindawo yezingxenye ezisentshonalanga yeCape York, South Wales, ezinye izifunda zaseTasmania, ikakhulukazi iNyakatho-mpumalanga. Kunabantu abaningi eNew Guinea naseziqhingini zaseBismarck. Ama-kangaroo abantu alethwa eNew Guinea, lapho afika khona ngempumelelo.
Ama-kangaroo ampunga ahlala ku:
- izifunda eziseningizimu ye-Australia;
- UVictoria;
- ENew South Wales;
- I-Queensland.
Lapho ikhetha indawo yokuhlala, i-kangaroo empunga ayihlukile ngobumbano nokukhetha. Ingatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu - emahlathini, ezimfundeni, ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Amahlathi nezindawo zezintaba akunjalo. Njengendawo yokuhlala, ama-kangaroo ampunga akhetha izifunda ezinemvula enkulu, kepha azizwa ekhululekile ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile.
Ama-kangaroo awabesabi nakancane abantu, ngakho-ke ajwayele ukuhlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Ingatholakala emaphethelweni ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa. Iningi labantu lama-kangaroo ampunga ahlala ezindaweni ezisicaba ezinezihlahlana zezihlahla, utshani obude, noma emahlathini. Ngenxa yalokhu, babizwa nangokuthi ama-kangaroo asehlathini. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamadwala, lapho zizizwa zikhululekile khona impela.
Idlani i-kangaroo empunga?
Isithombe: I-kangaroo empunga
Izilwane ziyizilwane ezidla imifino, ngakho-ke ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni. Zondla kakhulu ngotshani obuluhlaza, amahlumela amasha ezihlahlana nezinye izinhlobo zezimila. Bangadla imbewu, izithelo zezitshalo nezithelo. Ngenxa yokuthi kunenani elanele lamanzi ezimileni eziluhlaza, ama-kangaroo cishe awaphuzi, ahlanganisa isidingo samanzi ngomswakama ovela ezitshalweni ezinamanzi aluhlaza.
Siyini isisekelo sokudla se-kangaroo empunga:
- utshani;
- i-clover;
- i-alfalfa;
- imidumba ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza;
- amahlamvu eucalyptus;
- imivini;
- amafern;
- izilimo eziyizigaxa;
- izithelo nembewu ezinhlobonhlobo zezimila;
- izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu.
Ama-kangaroo amakhulu ampunga aphuma ayokondla ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngokusho kososayensi bezilwane, abesilisa bachitha ihora elilodwa ngaphezulu ngosuku ekudleni kokudla kunabesifazane, kepha abesifazane bakhetha ukudla okunothe kakhulu kuma-protein, ngenxa yalokho banikela ngobisi olunothile futhi olunomsoco ngesikhathi sokudla.
Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi ama-kangaroo ahlukaniswa ngobuhlakani, ukungathobeki nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, zikwazi kalula ukushintshela kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphakelayo uma kunesidingo. Uma kungekho inani elanele lokudla, bangazondla ngohlaza olomile, izihlahlana.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Western Grey Kangaroo
Ama-kangaroo ampunga anomuzwa omuhle kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa okubukhali. Izindlebe ezinkulu ziyakwazi ukujika zilandele umthombo womsindo. Izilwane zinokuthula ngokwemvelo, kepha uma zizizwa zisongelwa noma zidinga ukuzivikela, zingaba yingozi kakhulu. Isikhali sokulwa esiyinhloko yimilenze yangemuva enezicubu ezinamandla nezithuthuke kakhulu nezinzipho ezinkulu.
Izilwane zinesimo esihle kakhulu sezemidlalo. Bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu ngokushesha okukhulu. Isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba esivunyelwe amabanga amafushane ngu-87 km / h. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokuhamba kwama-kangaroo empunga ngu-40-50 km / h. Basebenzisa amandla amancane lapho behamba ngejubane eliphakeme. Uma zihamba ngejubane eliphansi, zincike kuzo zozine izitho, okunikeza isithombe sokuthi ziyakhasa.
Izilwane zingompetha ngokuphelele phakathi kwabamele umhlaba wezilwane kuma-jumps aphakeme. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kweqa kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10!
Akujwayelekile ukuthi ama-kangaroo amakhulu ampunga aphile impilo eyedwa. Bahlangana ngamaqembu abizwa ngokuthi "izixuku" ngabantu bendawo. Enhlokweni yesixuku ngasinye kunomholi, umsebenzi wakhe ukunakekela ukuhleleka eqenjini, kanye nokuxwayisa abanye ababambiqhaza ngokusondela kwengozi noma ukusondela kwezitha.
Amaqembu ezilwane aqukethe ikakhulukazi abantu abasha nabesifazane. Abesilisa bafakwa eqenjini kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izixuku eziningana zingondla ngokuphepha endaweni efanayo, ngenkathi zingalwi nhlobo. Lapho elinye lamalungu eqembu lizwa ukusondela kwengozi, liqala ukushaya phansi ngemilenze yangemuva, lixwayise abanye ngalo.
Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke ubonwa ebusuku noma kusihlwa. Emini, izilwane zikhosela emthunzini wezihlahla nezihlahlana, kanye nasemigodini ezizimbela yona.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-kangaroo cub engwevu
Isikhathi sokukhwelana asiboshelwe enkathini ethile. Ukuphakama kokuzala kwenzeka esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ekwindla. Abesilisa bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-16-17, abesifazane ezinyangeni eziyi-19-20. Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, owesilisa osesikhundleni esiphambili kumaqembu eqembu nabesifazane abakhona ngaphakathi kwawo. Ilungelo lobuholi besilisa livikelwe ngesikhathi sokulwa. Lezi zingxabano zivame ukuphela ngokulimala kanzima.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, isikhathi sokukhulelwa siqala, esithatha inyanga eyodwa kuphela. Eyodwa, akuvamile ukuthi kuzalwe amawundlu amabili angaboni. Ubunzima bengane eyodwa esanda kuzalwa abudluli ikhilogremu, imvamisa kungu-0.7-0.8 kilograms. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ingena esikhwameni sikamama esifudumele futhi esithokomele bese imunca ingono. Ingane izohlala kuyo izinyanga ezingama-4-5 ezizayo zokuphila kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyanga ezimbalwa ezengeziwe, i-kangaroo encane izongena esikhwameni iye kunina ukuze ayondle.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi njengoba izidingo zama-kangaroo zishintsha, ukwakheka kobisi lukamama kuyashintsha. Lapho inkonyane likhula futhi liqina, lishiya indawo yokuhlala efudumele. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi iyakwazi ukukhwelana iphinde izale futhi. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila se-kangaroo empunga ezimweni zemvelo sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10, ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila singaphindwa kabili.
Izitha zemvelo zama-kangaroo ampunga
Isithombe: IGrey Kangaroo Australia
Ezimweni zemvelo, ama-kangaroo awanazo izitha eziningi kakhulu.
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo zama-kangaroo empunga yilezi:
- izinja zedingo;
- izimpungushe;
- ezizingelayo ezinkulu;
- ezinye izidlova ezinamaphiko.
Izinja zeDingo yizitha eziyinhloko zezitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni. Kodwa-ke, bavame ukuhlasela amawundlu angavuthiwe, kanye nabantu abadala noma ababuthakathaka. Abakwazi ukunqoba abantu abadala nezilwane ezinamandla. Isitha esikhulu sama-marsupials sasiyindoda futhi sihlala siyindoda. Ubulala ama-kangaroo ukuze athole inyama, ebhekwa njengeyona emnandi futhi enempilo. Kuyaziswa futhi kuthengwa njengesibiliboco emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Abantu abaningi bendawo bazizingela ngezikhumba zabo.
Ama-kangaroo awabesabi nakancane abantu futhi kaningi ahlala eduze kakhulu nawo. Indawo yokulima enezilimo zokusanhlamvu isetshenziswa njengesisekelo sefolishi. Abalimi badubula izilwane ukuvikela impahla yabo. Ukwanda kwabantu bendawo, ukunwetshwa kwemingcele yendawo abayithuthukisile, nakho kunomthelela ekwehleni kwenani labantu be-kangaroo.
Esinye isizathu sokufa okukhulu kwezilwane umlilo, ovame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile sase-Australia. Zihlanganisa ngokushesha izindawo ezinkulu, futhi izilwane azinaso isikhathi sokuthuthela kwezinye izifunda.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-kangaroo ampunga
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, inani lezilwane cishe ngabantu abayizigidi ezimbili. Ukubalwa kwabantu kokugcina kwenziwa izazi zezilwane ngo-1996. Ngemuva kwalokho imiphumela itholwe kubukhona ngqo babantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.7. Izazi zezilwane zithi namuhla inani lezilwane alikashintshi.
Yize inani lama-kangaroo amakhulu ampunga lincipha, namuhla awasongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla zezwekazi lase-Australia ezingeni lezomthetho zanquma ukulawula ngokuzimela inani labameleli be-marsupial abamangalisayo bezitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni. Ngaphandle kokuthi inyama iyisibiliboco esikhulu futhi ilusizo kakhulu, futhi nezilwane uqobo zivame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu emapulazini, akuvunyelwe ukuzidubula ukuze kuvikelwe umhlaba wezolimo futhi kukhishwe inyama.
Izimvume zokuzingela nokudubula zikhishwa ngabaphathi bendawo kuphela uma inani lezilwane lidlula inani elivunyelwe kakhulu, futhi liyingozi enkulu kwezolimo.
Ukuthambekela okubukhali ekwehleni kwesibalo sezilwane kwabonwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lapho emvelweni inani lezitha eziyinhloko zama-marsupials - izinja ze-dingo - lenyuka ngesivinini esikhulu. Kuze kube manje, le nkinga isinqotshiwe, futhi inani lezinja zasendle alidluli inani elivunyelwe kakhulu. Namuhla izazi zezilwane zichaza isimo sekhangaru ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukuba nengozi encane yokuqothulwa.
I-kangaroo empunga isilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu esingabesabi nakancane abantu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, kunalokho, sibonisa isithakazelo esikhulu kubo. Izivakashi eziningi ziza e-Australia zizobabaza lezi zilwane ezimangalisayo. Zivame kakhulu ezifundweni zegalufu zase-Australia. Mayelana nalokhu, abantu bangabheka indlela yokuziphatha kwabo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi baze baxhumane nabo ngobude bengalo ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezivulekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/04/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-23: 45
