I-krait yasolwandle enomlomo ophuzi (iLaticauda colubrina), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-banded sea krait, ingeka-scaly oda.
Ukusabalala kwekrait yolwandle olunezindebe eziphuzi.
Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinemilomo ephuzi zisabalele eziqhingini zase-Indo-Australia. Kutholakala eBay of Bengal, Thailand, Malaysia naseSingapore. Ububanzi bokuzalela buya ngasentshonalanga eziQhingini zaseAndaman naseNicobor nasenyakatho, kufaka phakathi iTaiwan ne-Okinawa, kanye neziqhingi zaseYaeyaema eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRyukyu iziqhingi eningizimu yeJapan.
Bakhona ogwini lwaseThailand, kepha kuphela ogwini lwayo olusentshonalanga. Umngcele wabo osempumalanga usesifundeni iPalua. Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinemilomo ephuzi zikhona eziqhingini zeqembu laseSolomon nelamaTonga. Ububanzi bezidleke zezilwane zasolwandle ezinemilomo ephuzi bunqunyelwe ezindaweni zase-Australia naseMpumalanga ye-Oceanic. Azitholakali ezifundeni ze-Atlantic naseCaribbean Oceanic.
Indawo yokuhlala yesibaya sasolwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi.
Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinemilomo ephuzi zihlala ezixhotsheni zamakhorali futhi zihlala ikakhulu ngasogwini lweziqhingi ezincane, zinokwabiwa okungalingani kwendawo, njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka zasolwandle. Ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kuncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile, kufaka phakathi ubukhona bezixhobo zamakhorali, imisinga yolwandle, nomhlaba oseduzane. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezishisayo emanzini olwandle, olwandle.
Eziningi zazo zitholakale ngasogwini lweziqhingi ezincane, lapho isibaya sicashe emifantwini emincane noma ngaphansi kwamatshe. Indawo abahlala kuyo kakhulu yimifula yamakhorali engajulile emanzini lapho izinyoka zithola khona ukudla. Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinomlomo ophuzi zinemishini eminingi yokutshuza ekhethekile, kufaka phakathi amaphaphu angamasaka, avumela ukuntywila ngamamitha angama-60. Izinyoka zichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yazo olwandle, kodwa ziyakhwelana, zibekele amaqanda, zigaye ukudla kwazo, futhi zigcobe eziqhingini ezinamadwala. Bahlala emihlangeni, bangakhuphuka ezihlahleni futhi bakhuphuke ngisho nezindawo eziphakeme eziqhingini kuze kufike kumamitha angama-36 - 40.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesibaya solwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi.
I-krait yasolwandle ichazwa njengezindebe eziphuzi ngenxa yokuba khona kwendebe ephezulu ephuzi. Umbala womzimba umnyama kakhulu ngomugqa ophuzi ohamba udebe, ngaphansi kweso ngalinye.
Isifonyo naso siphuzi futhi kukhona umugqa ophuzi ngenhla kweso. Umsila unophawu oluphuzi olumise okwe-U eceleni konqenqemeni olusemngceleni womugqa omnyama obanzi. Isikhumba sinokuthungwa okubushelelezi, futhi kukhona nezinhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezimpunga. Imivimbo emnyama engamakhulu amabili namashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu yakha izindandatho ezizungeze umzimba. Ubuso babo be-ventral ngokuvamile bunombala ophuzi noma okhilimu. Insikazi, enesisindo esingaba ngu-1800 g no-150 cm ubude, imvamisa inkulu kuneduna, enesisindo esingama-gram ayi-600 kuphela futhi enobude obungu-75 - 100 cm.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesibambo solwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi.
Izindlwana zasolwandle eziboshiwe zinokukhulelwa kwangaphakathi. Ngumlingani wesilisa oyedwa kuphela nowesifazane, futhi bonke abanye abakhombisi ukuncintisana, yize beseduze. Izikhathi zokuzalela zinqunywa indawo okuhlala kuyo. Abantu basePhilippines bazala unyaka wonke, kanti eFiji naseSabah, ukuzalanisa kuyisikhathi sonyaka kanti isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba. Lolu hlobo lwe-krait lu-oviparous futhi izinyoka zibuyela ezweni zisuka olwandle zizobekela amaqanda.
I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-10, ubukhulu obungama-20.
Lapho izibaya zasolwandle ezinomlomo ophuzi ziphuma eqandeni, zifana nezinyoka ezindala. Abenzi noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa komzimba. Amantshontsho akhula ngokushesha, ukukhula kuyeka kancane ngemuva kokufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi. Abesilisa bazala beneminyaka ecishe ibe unyaka nohhafu, nabesifazane uma befika onyakeni owodwa nohhafu noma emibili nengxenye.
Ukunakekelwa kwezinyoka ezindala ze-clutch akukaphenywa. Izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda ngasogwini, kepha akucaci noma zibuyele olwandle noma zihlale ogwini ukugada inzalo yazo.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-kraits zasolwandle ezinamlomo aphuzi emvelweni asaziwa.
Izici zokuziphatha kwekrait yasolwandle enezindebe eziphuzi.
Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinemilebe ephuzi zihamba emanzini ngosizo lomsila, olunikeza ukunyakaza ubuye uye emuva emanzini.
Emhlabathini, izibaya zasolwandle zihamba ngendlela ejwayelekile yenyoka ezindaweni eziqinile.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho izigaxa zasolwandle ezinemilomo ephuzi zifika ezingxenyeni ezixegayo ezifana nesihlabathi esomile, zikhasa njengezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka zasogwadule. Ukuzingela ama-eels emanzini, izinyoka zisebenzisa amadivayisi, kufaka phakathi ukunwetshwa ngemuva kwamaphaphu, okwaziwa ngokuthi amaphaphu we-saccular. Lesi sici sikuvumela ukuthi unxephezele inani elilinganiselwe lamaphaphu we-tubular abangelwa ukuma komzimba wenyoka. Yize izibaya zasolwandle eziboshiwe zingezona izilwane eziphila ezweni, zichitha isikhathi esilinganayo emhlabathini nasemanzini.
Isibaya esinezindebe eziphuzi esolwandle siyasebenza ebusuku noma kusihlwa. Emini, zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane futhi zicashe emigodini yamadwala, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emigodini, ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yasogwini. Imvamisa bakhasa ngezikhathi ezithile besuka emthunzini baye endaweni enelanga ukuze bafudumale.
Ukudla okunomsoco krait yolwandle olunamlomo ophuzi.
Izindlwana zasolwandle ezinomlomo ophuzi zondla ngokuphelele ngama-eel. Abesifazane nabesilisa bavame ukungafani ngemikhuba yabo yokudla. Abesifazane abakhulu bazingela ama-conger eels. Abesilisa bavame ukudla ama-moray eel amancane. Ama-krayt asebenzisa imizimba yawo emide namakhanda amancane ukuphenya imifantu, imifantu, nezimbobo ezincane ezisogwini lwamakhorali ukukhipha ama-eel.
Banamazinyo anobuthi nobuthi obuqukethe ama-neurotoxin anamandla athinta imisipha yesisulu.
Ngemuva kokulunywa, ama-neurotoxin asebenza ngokushesha, enza buthakathaka kakhulu ukunyakaza nokuphefumula kwe-eel.
Incazelo yesibaya sasolwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi.
Isikhumba sezibaya zasolwandle sinokusetshenziswa okuningi futhi sathengiswa ePhilippines kusukela ngo-1930 ukuhlanza izinto zesiliva. EJapane, ukufunwa kraits zasolwandle kuyanda, zingeniswa zisuka ePhilippines futhi zithunyelwa eYurophu. Isikhumba sithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "isikhumba sangempela saseJapan senyoka yasolwandle". EziQhingini zaseRyukyu eJapan nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, amaqanda nezinyama zasolwandle kudliwa njengokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthi balezi zinyoka busetshenziselwa umuthi ekwelapheni nasekucwaningeni. Isibaya solwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi yizinyoka ezinobuthi, kepha kuyaqabukela zilume abantu, futhi noma kunjalo uma zicasukile. Asikho nesisodwa isisulu somuntu okubikiwe ukuthi silunywe yilolu hlobo.
Isimo sokongiwa kwesibaya sasolwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi.
Isibaya solwandle esinezindebe eziphuzi asibhalisiwe kunoma yiluphi ulwazi olusengcupheni. Ukugawulwa kwezimboni, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala emaxhaphozini omhlume, ukungcoliswa kwezimboni kwezixhobo zamakhorali nakwezinye izindawo ezisogwini kubeka ubungozi kwezemvelo obuthinta kabi ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokuchichima kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka zasolwandle.
