Isici se-Lemming nendawo yokuhlala
Ama-Lemmings - lawa amagundane angomndeni we-hamster. Zifana ne-hamster ngaphandle - isakhiwo somzimba esinyene, esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-70 g, futhi esifinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, sifana nebhola, ngoba umsila, izidladla nezindlebe kuncane kakhulu futhi kungcwatshwe ngoboya. Ijazi linemibala ehlukahlukene noma nsundu.
Ukuhlala ulwelwesi ku-tundra kanye nehlathi lehlathi laseNyakatho Melika, i-Eurasia, kanye naseziqhingini zoLwandle i-Arctic. ERussia ulamula luhlala esiQhingini saseKola, eMpumalanga Ekude naseChukotka. Indawo yokuhlala yommeleli wezilwane kumele ibe nobuningi be-moss (ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-lemming) nokubonakala okuhle.
Le hamster eyingqayizivele inesici esithakazelisayo. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, amazipho ezinye izigaxa zikalamila akhula abe sesimweni esingajwayelekile, esifana namaphiko amancane noma izinselo. Lesi sakhiwo sezinzipho sivumela igundane ukuthi lihlale kangcono ebusweni beqhwa, ngaphandle kokuwa, futhi noma ngezinzipho ezinjalo kuhle ukuphula iqhwa.
Ibhantshi lamakhemikhali athile likhanya kakhulu ebusika, ukuze lingaveli kakhulu eqhweni elimhlophe. I-lemming ihlala emgodini ezimba yona. Ama-Burrows amele inethiwekhi yonke yamaphaseji ayinkimbinkimbi, amazombezombe. Ezinye izinhlobo zalesi silwane zenza ngaphandle kokumba izimbobo, zimane zihlele isidleke phansi noma zithole izindawo ezifanele ikhaya lazo.
Lesi silwane esincane sinesici esibuhlungu nesingachazeki. Lapho inani lemammings likhula ngamandla, izilwane, kuqala ngazinye, bese kuthi, ukuhlangana kube yimifudlana eqhubekayo yemizimba ephilayo, zihambe ziye ohlangothini olulodwa - eningizimu.
Futhi akukho okungabavimba. I-avalanche ephilayo iwela izindawo zokuhlala, imihosha, amawa, imifula nemifula, izilwane zidliwa yizilwane, ziyafa ngokuswela ukudla, kepha ngenkani ziya olwandle.
Sebefikile ogwini lolwandle, baziphonsa emanzini futhi babhukude inqobo nje uma benamandla anele, baze bafe. Okucindezela izilwane ezincane ukuthi zizibulale, ososayensi abakakwazi ukuphendula. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emalemeni aseNorway.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-lemming
Umngane walesi silwane esincane akasizi ngalutho. Ama-Lemmings anikezwa ngokwemvelo umlingiswa oxabanayo. Abakwamukeli kakhulu ukuba khona kwezihlobo zabo eziseduze kwabo futhi kaningi bahlela izimpi.
U-Lemming uncamela ukuhlala nokuhlala yedwa. Imizwa yabazali ayithuthukisiwe kakhulu kuye. Abesilisa ngemuva nje kokufeza umsebenzi ongcwele wokuzala bahamba bayofuna ukudla, beshiya owesifazane enenzalo.
Banolaka kakhulu maqondana nokubukeka komuntu. Lapho zihlangana, lesi silwane sigxumela umuntu, sishaye amakhwela ngokusongela, sinyuke ngemilenze yangemuva, sihlale ngokuqinile esinqeni saso, sigudluke futhi siqale ukwethusa, siphakamise imilenze yaso yangaphambili.
Bangabamba isandla eseluliwe se "sivakashi" esicasulayo ngamazinyo abo, ngamanye amazwi, bakhombisa ukungabazweli ngazo zonke izindlela. Futhi-ke, uyehluleka ukwesabisa isilo esibi kakhulu lapho i-lemming iyi-tidbit. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikeleka okuthembeke kakhudlwana kwalesi sigaxa, noma kunjalo, imink yaso noma ungqimba oluminyene lweqhwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo zolamula (ngokwesibonelo, ama-lemming ehlathini) zikhetha ukungahlangani nanoma ngubani. Ngaphandle kokuthi bashiya izindima zabo kaningana ngosuku, babone, futhi ngaphezulu, bamba ulamula esithombeni kunzima kakhulu. Lesi silwane siyaqikelela futhi siphume kuphela kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Lemming unezinhlobo eziningana futhi phakathi kwazo lezi zinhlobo ziyehluka endaweni yazo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekudleni okuhlukile nasendleleni yokuphila. Ihlathi, iNorway, i-Amur, ungulate futhi ulimu lwase-siberian, kanye nolimi lukaVinogradov. Kokubili ehlobo nasebusika, izilwane ziphila ngendlela esebenzayo; azilali ebusika.
Ukudla ulamula
U-Lemming udla ukudla kwezitshalo. Kusukela lapho lesi silwane sihlala khona, ukudla kwaso nakho kuya. Isibonelo, i-lemming yehlathi ithanda ikakhulukazi ubulembu, kepha igundane laseNorway lengeza okusanhlamvu, ama-lingonberry kanye nama-blueberries kwimenyu yalo. I-lemming enezinselo ithanda ama-birch noma ama-willow amahlumela ngaphezulu.
Futhi, embuzweni othi “kudliwa yini ulamula", Ungaphendula ngegama elilodwa:" moss ". Kuyafisa ukwazi ukuthi i-lemming enezinselo kanye nokudla kwesitolo seVinogradov okusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Abazala babo abonga kancane kufanele benze izindinyana eziningi ngaphansi kweqhwa ukuze bafinyelele ekudleni ngenkathi ebandayo.
Futhi isilwane sidla kakhulu. Isisindo esingu-70 g kuphela, le hamster idla ukudla okuphindwe kabili kunesisindo sayo ngosuku. Uma siyibala, khona-ke iyoba ngaphezu kwama-50 kg ngonyaka. U-Lemming akamukeli ukudla noma kanjani, kepha ngokuqinile ngombuso.
Udla ihora, abuye alale amahora amabili, aphinde abuye - adle ihora, alale amahora amabili. Phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezibalulekile, inqubo yokuthola ukudla, ukuhamba nokuqhubeka nempilo ayilingani.
Kwesinye isikhathi akukho ukudla okwanele, bese kuthi isilwane sidle izitshalo ezinobuthi, kuthi lapho izitshalo ezinjalo zingatholakali, ulamula luhlasela izilwane ezincane, noma nezilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kunosayizi wazo. Kuyiqiniso, kaningi, ngokuntuleka kokudla, izilwane ziphoqeleka ukuba zifuduke futhi zihlole izindawo ezintsha.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo yolamula
Isikhathi semvelo sale nduku sifushane, uhlala ulamula uneminyaka engu-1-2 kuphela ubudala, ngakho-ke isilwane sidinga ukuba nesikhathi sokushiya inzalo. Ngalesi sizathu, iziphungumangathi zingena ebusheni kusenesikhathi.
Kakade ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuzalwa, ulwelwesi lwabesifazane luyakwazi ukuzithwala. Owesilisa uyakwazi ukuqhubeka nohlobo kusukela kumaviki ayisithupha. Imvamisa inani lodoti babo ngonyaka lifinyelela izikhathi eziyisithupha. Imvamisa kuba nemidlwane engu-6 kudoti owodwa.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-20-22. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa akasekho esidlekeni, uyahamba ayofuna ukudla, kanti owesifazane uyabeletha futhi "akhulise" inzalo.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa esisodwa ku ukulinywa kwezilwane ayikho. Uyakwazi ukuzala ngisho nasebusika, emakhazeni amakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isidleke senziwa sijule ngaphansi kweqhwa, sifakwe utshani obomile namaqabunga, futhi izingane sezivele zizalelwe lapho.
Kunezikhathi lapho kuneziningi zalezi zilwane, khona-ke kukhona ukukhuphuka kwesilinganiso sokuzalwa sezikhova nezimpungushe ezibandayo, ngoba ama-lemmings asebenza njengokudla kwenani elikhulu lezilwane. Ngemuva ulamula izimpungushe, izimpisi zizingela, izimpungushe arctic, ermines, weasels ngisho nezinyamazane. Kungukuphakama okuphezulu okugcina inombolo ethile yolamula.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zikwazi ngokuphelele ukuzala lapho izigaxa zamabele zinenani eliphansi lokuzalwa futhi kunokuntuleka kokudla. Isibonelo, isikhova esineqhwa asizaleli amaqanda, kanti izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziphoqeleka ukuba zifuduke ziyofuna ukudla. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi ama-lemmings awadlali kuphela indima enhle yokudla kwezinye izilwane, futhi athwala izifo ezahlukahlukene.
