Mnyama ngamacala amhlophe umagpie - lena enye yezinyoni ezaziwa kakhulu, i-heroine yezaga, imilolozelo namahlaya. Le nyoni ivame kakhulu emadolobheni, futhi ukutshiyoza kwayo kunzima ukudida nomunye umuntu. Futhi uthando oludumile lwama-magpies lwezinto ezicwebezelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, unobuhlakani obumangalisayo nobukhali obusheshayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Soroka
UMagpie, uyi-magpie ejwayelekile noma, njengoba kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-European magpie, iyinyoni eyaziwayo emndenini wama-corvids we-oda labantu abadlulayo. Ngegama layo, iphinde yanikeza igama kuhlobo olungamashumi amane, olufaka nezinhlobo ezithile ezingafani, ezifana namashumi amane ejwayelekile esakhiweni somzimba, kepha ezihlukile kuzo ngemibala egqamile futhi ehlukahlukene. Igama lesiLatini lalezi zinhlobo yiPica pica. Izihlobo eziseduze zalezi zinyoni amagwababa jayi.
Isikhathi imvelaphi yompompi nokuhlukaniswa kwabo namanye ama-corvids asaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Imivubukulo yokuqala etholakele yezinyoni ezifana ne-corvids isukela eMiddle Miocene, kanti iminyaka yazo icishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-17. Atholakala endaweni yeFrance yanamuhla neJalimane. Kulokhu kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa komndeni ngezinhlobo kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu.
Ividiyo: uSoroka
Manje ama-ornithologists aqala emcabangweni wokuthi izibungu njengezilwane zavela eYurophu, futhi zanda kancane kancane kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, kwathi ngasekupheleni kwePleistocene yafika endaweni yeNyakatho Melika yanamuhla ngeBering Strait. Kodwa-ke, eTexas, izinsalela zitholakale zifana kakhulu nemagpie yaseYurophu kunama-subspecies aseCalifornia, ngakho-ke kwavela inguqulo yokuthi imagpie ejwayelekile ingavela njengezilwane esevele zikhona ePliocene, okungukuthi, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-2-5 edlule, kepha noma kunjalo hhayi ngaphambili ngalesi sikhathi.
Namuhla okungenani izinhlobo eziyishumi ze-magpie ziyaziwa. Izici ezihlukile zemagpies ajwayelekile ngumsila wazo omude nombala omnyama nomhlophe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: bird magpie
Umbala kaMagpie uhlukile, ngakho-ke waziwa kahle ngabaningi. Zonke izimpaphe zimnyama futhi zimhlophe. Ikhanda lale nyoni, intamo, umgogodla nesifuba nomsila kumnyama ngensimbi, kwesinye isikhathi iba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, icwebezela futhi iyakhanya, ikakhulukazi ebonakaliswa yilanga. Kulokhu, isisu, izinhlangothi namahlombe e-magpie kumhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi izeluleko zamaphiko zipendwe mhlophe. Ngemibala yayo emhlophe, izimfene zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izimagundane ezinamacala amhlophe".
AmaMagpies angaba ngamasentimitha angama-50 ubude, kepha kaningi cishe abe ngama-40-45 cm.Iphiko le-wingspan lingama-50-70 cm, kokunye lize lifike kuma-90 cm, kepha lokhu kwehlukile kunento ejwayelekile. Umsila mude impela, ucishe ube ngama-25 cm, okucishe kube uhhafu wobude benyoni yonke, inyathele futhi ihambe impela. Abesifazane nabesilisa abahlukile ngaphandle, ngoba banombala ofanayo nosayizi ofanayo.
Kusekhona umehluko, futhi kuqukethe iqiniso lokuthi abesilisa banesisindo esincane, kepha ngokubonakalayo lokhu akubonakali ngaphandle. Owesilisa ojwayelekile unesisindo esingama-gramu angama-230, kanti owesifazane ojwayelekile unesisindo esingama-200 amagremu. Inhloko yale nyoni incane, uqhwaku luguquke kancane futhi luqine kakhulu, okuyinto ejwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-corvids.
Ama-paws anobude obuphakathi, kepha mncane kakhulu, anezinzwane ezine. Ihamba emhlabathini ngokugxuma okungamashumi amane nokuxhuma, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuzo zombili izidladla. Umsila uphakanyisiwe. Ukuhamba kwamagwababa noma amajuba akujwayelekile kwabangamashumi amane. Lapho indiza, le nyoni incamela ukundiza, ngakho-ke indiza yemagpie ibukeka isinda futhi igagadlile. Ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi "diving". Ngesikhathi sokundiza kwayo, imagpie ivula izimpiko zayo futhi isakaze umsila wayo, ngakho-ke ibukeka yinhle kakhulu, futhi ukuma kwayo kufana nezinyoni zepharadesi.
Ukutshiyoza okukhulu kwe-magpie kuyisici kakhulu. Umsindo wayo uyabonakala kakhulu ngakho-ke kunzima ukuwudidanisa nokunye ukukhala kwezinyoni.
Ihlala kuphi imagpie?
Isithombe: isilwane seMagpie
Izindawo zokuhlala ezingamashumi amane zitholakala kakhulu e-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwengxenye yayo esenyakatho-mpumalanga, kepha kunabantu abahlala bodwa eKamchatka. AmaMagpies axazululwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu kusukela eSpain naseGrisi kuya eNhlonhlweni YaseScandinavia. Lezi zinyoni azitholakali eziqhingini ezimbalwa eMedithera. E-Asia, izinyoni zihlala eningizimu ye-65 ° enyakatho ye-latitude, futhi ngasempumalanga, indawo esenyakatho ye-magpie kancane kancane yehla iye eningizimu iye ku-50 ° latitude latitude.
Ngokwesilinganiso esilinganiselwe, izinyoni zihlala enyakatho, eseduze kakhulu neYurophu, ezingxenyeni ze-Afrika - ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisogwini lwase-Algeria, Morocco naseTunisia. Ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga, izimvukuzane zitholakala eNyakatho Melika kuphela, ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga ukusuka e-Alaska kuya eCalifornia.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezivamile zamagpies yizikhala ezivulekile, ezilungele ukuthola ukudla. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kumele babe seduze kwezihlahla noma izihlahlana ukuze kwenziwe isidleke esikhulu. Kuyivelakancane emahlathini amakhulu. Imagpie ingabhekwa njengesakhamuzi esijwayelekile emaphandleni. Uthanda ukuhlala eduze kwamadlelo namasimu, ezungezwe izihlahlana namabhande asehlathini. Kepha omlingo babuye batholakale emapaki nasemadolobheni, okuhambisana nokuthungathwa okulula kokudla emadolobheni ezimeni zasebusika ngendlela yemfucumfucu nemfucumfucu yokudla. Ngezinye izikhathi izinyoni zihlala eceleni komgwaqo noma ujantshi.
Ama-Magpies awalokothi ashiye amakhaya abo isikhathi eside. Yebo, kwesinye isikhathi bangahlangana ngemihlambi emincane bese ebusika besuka esigodini noma ensimini bathuthele edolobheni elincane ukwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla, kepha konke lokhu kwenzeka esifundeni esisodwa, futhi ibanga lokuhamba alidluli amakhilomitha ayishumi. Lokhu kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezihamba amabanga amade ngokushintsha kwezinkathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-magpies yizinyoni ezihlala phansi, hhayi ezifudukayo.
Yini edliwa yimagpie?
Isithombe: Magpie ehlathini
Eqinisweni, i-magpie iyinyoni edla umhlanganiso. Angadla okusanhlamvu nembewu emasimini, adle izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezivela eboyeni bezinkomo eziklabayo noma izilwane ezinkulu zasendle, ngokuzithandela adle izibungu, amacimbi nezibungu, etholile isibambo ngokuzimba emhlabathini. Ezindaweni zezolimo, abangamashumi amane abathandwa ngoba bonakalisa isivuno, isibonelo, ukhukhamba ophekiwe, ama-apula, nasezifundeni eziseningizimu kukhona namakhabe namakhabe.
Ngezikhathi zendlala, abazibeki phansi izidumbu nodoti ezindaweni zokulahla inqwaba yedolobha. Bakudla ngokuzithandela okuqukethwe okuphakelayo, kufaka phakathi isinkwa, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu noma okunye ukudla kwezitshalo okusele lapho. Angantshontsha izinja ngamathambo kalula. Kepha imvamisa, ezinye izinto ziyalingana, onogwaja basazama ukudla ukudla kwezilwane.
Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, ukudla kwabo kufaka:
- Amagundane amancane;
- Amaxoxo;
- Iminenke;
- Izibankwa ezincane;
- Amachwane ezinye izinyoni;
- Amaqanda avela ezidlekeni zabanye abantu.
Uma ubukhulu benyamazane iba bukhulu, i-magpie iyidla ngezingxenye, iphule izingcezu zenyama ngomlomo wayo onamandla bese ibamba okuseleyo kokudla ngezidladla zayo. Izinyoni ezihlala ezihlahleni noma endle zivame ukuhlushwa yizimpisi - amaphareji, amalokhi, izigwaca nezinye izinyoni, okuyizidlakela ezithathwa izidleke zazo phakathi nenkathi yokwakha isidleke ukuze zebe amaqanda noma zidle amatshwele achanyuselwe.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: i-magpie ingcwaba ukudla okweqile enhlabathini njengezinto ezinikezwayo uma kulamba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuhlakani bale nyoni buyivumela ukuthi ithole ngokushesha isilondolozi sayo. Ngokungafani nezimpisi, azikho izingwejeje noma amagundane amancane ayonga ongakuphinda lokhu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Magpie endizeni
Ama-Magpies ahlala emihlanjini emincane yezinyoni ezi-5-7, kuyaqabukela kubodwa. Ukuhlala ngamaqembu kuzuzisa kakhulu kubo ngokombono wokuphepha. Imagpie ixwayisa ngokusondela kwezitha noma yiziphi izidalwa eziphilayo ezisolisayo ngokutshiyoza, ezinye izinyoni ngisho nezilwane, ngokwesibonelo, amabhere, ezifunde ukukuqonda. Kungakho-ke lapho kuvela abazingeli, izilwane zivame ukubaleka kuphela ngemuva kokuzwa umbila. Okukhethekile kwamashumi amane ukuthi abhanqiwe, futhi akha ngazimbili impilo yonke.
Izinyoni ezimbili zihlala zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezidleke. Isidleke sibekwe ngendlela eyindilinga ngokungena engxenyeni ye-lateral kanye netreyi lobumba elihlanganayo. Ubumba namagatsha aqinile kanye namahlamvu asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezindonga nophahla, futhi amagatsha asetshenziselwa uphahla ngokukhethekile. Ingaphakathi lesidleke libekwa ngotshani, utshani obomile, izimpande kanye nezicucu zoboya. Izidleke eziningana zingakhiwa ngababili ngesikhathi sonyaka wokuzalisa, kepha ugcina ukhethe esisodwa. Izidleke ezishiyiwe zivele zigcwale ezinye izinyoni, isibonelo, izikhova, ama-kestrels, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izilwane, isibonelo, izingwejeje noma ama-martens.
Naphezu kokuhlala phansi, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-corvids, ama-magpies ayinyoni ehamba kakhulu futhi esebenzayo. Kubonakala ngokunyakaza kwansuku zonke. Akavamile ukuma isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa futhi uhlala egxuma esuka kwelinye igatsha aye kwelinye, undiza amabanga amade, aseshe amahlathi nezihlahla efuna izidleke zabanye abantu nokudla. Kuhola impilo yasemini kuphela.
Imagpie inenkumbulo enhle, futhi phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoni kubhekwa njengenye yezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Yize enelukuluku lokwazi, ubheka kakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukugwema izingibe. Le nyoni kulula ukuyifunda, ifunda amakhono amasha futhi izivumelanise ngokushesha nezimo eziguqukayo. Izazi zeZoologists zithole nezenzo ezilandelanayo nezinkambiso zomphakathi ezingamashumi amane.
Kukhona ukusikisela ukuthi onogwaja bazi ngisho nokudabuka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni azinandaba nezinto ezicwebezelayo, ezihlala zintshontsha abantu noma zicoshe emigwaqweni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukweba akwenziwanga obala, futhi ngaphambi kokweba into, izinyoni zihlala ziqala ziqiniseke ukuthi azikho yini engozini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: namuhla imagpie ukuphela kwenyoni ekwaziyo ukuzibona esibukweni, futhi ingacabangi ukuthi kukhona omunye umuntu phambi kwayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Magpie egatsheni
Ama-Magpies ahlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi avame ukuzinikezela okhethiweyo wakhe. Bakhetha umngane wabo ngisho nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Kubo, lesi yisinqumo esifanele, ngoba kungababili lapho bezokwakha khona isidleke futhi bondle amatshwele kuyo yonke iminyaka elandelayo.
Entwasahlobo, onogwaja bakhetha indawo eyimfihlo ehlathini noma phezulu esihlahleni. Uma kunemizi ehlala abantu abaseduze, onogwaja bakhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, besaba ukungena. AmaMagpies aqala ukukhwelana nomlingani kuphela ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Izimpisi zivame ukubeka amaqanda angaba yisikhombisa noma ayisishiyagalombili. Amaqanda abekwa maphakathi no-Ephreli. Amaqanda azo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuluhlaza okotshani ngombala onamachashaza, ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo afinyelela ku-4 cm ubude. Insikazi ihlanganyela ekufukameleni amaqanda. Izinsuku eziyi-18 ufudumeza amachwane akusasa ngemfudumalo yakhe. Amachwane azalwa enqunu futhi engaboni. Ngemuva kokuthi zichanyuselwe, abazali bahlanganyela imithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela ngokulingana. Lokho wukuthi, zombili insikazi neduna zinakekela amaphuphu. Bachitha sonke isikhathi sabo befuna futhi beletha ukudla enzalweni yabo.
Lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi esingangenyanga, futhi cishe izinsuku ezingama-25 amaphuphu aqala ukuzama ukuphuma esidlekeni. Kepha imizamo yokundiza yedwa akusho ukuthi bazoqala impilo yokuzimela ngokushesha okungaka. Bahlala nabazali babo kuze kube sekwindla, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka unyaka wonke. Isikhathi eside babamba ukudla okuvela kubazali babo, yize ngokomzimba sebevele bekwazi ukukuthola ngokwabo.
Kuyenzeka ukuthi izidlozi zibhubhise izidleke ezingamashumi amane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, onogwaja bangakha kabusha isidleke noma baqede ukwakha isidleke somuntu, bese bebeka amaqanda abo futhi. Kepha bazokwenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Amaqembu wonke wezimfene ngezinye izikhathi abonwa ebeka amaqanda ngoJuni. Kungenzeka ngesizathu esithile ukuthi umzamo wabo wangaphambilini wentwasahlobo wokuzalisa awuphumelelanga.
Izitha zemvelo ezingamashumi amane
Isithombe: Magpie ngokwemvelo
Endle, phakathi kwezitha ezingamashumi amane kukhona izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zezinyoni ezidla inyama:
- O Falcon;
- Izikhova;
- Izikhova;
- Izinkozi;
- Izinkozi;
- OKlebe;
- Izikhova.
Amachwane ezinkukhu ahlala ezifundeni ezishisayo kwesinye isikhathi nawo ahlaselwa yizinyoka. Ezingxenyeni zethu, i-squirrel, i-hazel dormouse noma i-marten ingakhuphukela esidlekeni senyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izilwane ezimbili zokugcina zidla amatshwele namaqanda, ingwejeje kungenzeka ingadli ngisho amaqanda enyoni noma amachwane ayo, kepha imane iwaphonse esidlekeni.
Futhi lokhu kuholela nasekufeni kwabo. Izinyoni ezindala, noma kunjalo, zinkulu kakhulu kunezilwane ezinjalo. Kepha phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu, amakati asendle avame ukuhlasela abadala abangamashumi amane. Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni ziba yizisulu zezimpungushe futhi ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu izimpisi noma amabhere. Imagpie iyaqikelela kakhulu, ngakho-ke ihlangana kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezigulayo noma ezindala kakhulu ziba izisulu.
Namuhla, umuntu uphenduke isitha se-magpie waba yinto engathathi hlangothi. Yebo, kwesinye isikhathi ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke noma ukuqothulwa kwezigulukudu njengoba kwenzeka izinambuzane, kepha lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi ubuhlakani kanye nokuqapha kusiza izimvukuzane ukuba zibaleke. Ngasikhathi sinye, sibonga abantu, izinyoni zinethuba lokuthola njalo ukudla ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: bird magpie
Izimpisi akuzona izinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa, futhi ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa nhlobo. Inani labo labantu lizinzile kakhulu. Namuhla, inani eliphelele lamashumi amane ejwayelekile cishe lingamabhangqa ayizigidi eziyi-12.
Ngisho noma emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni abantu beqothula ngisho nezimpisi ngamabomu, ngoba bazithatha njengezinambuzane, inani elilinganiselwe lalezi zinyoni alinciphi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izifunda kukhona ngisho nokwanda ngezikhathi ezithile kunombolo yabo eminyakeni ehlukene kuze kufike ku-5%.
Ukwamukelwa ngamandla onke kanye namandla okuthola ukudla ezimeni zasebusika ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona abantu kunomthelela empilweni ekhona yalezi zinyoni. Ukwanda okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu abangamashumi amane kunjalo emadolobheni, lapho bahlala khona ezindaweni ezinkulu nezikhudlwana. Ubuningi besibalo sabantu abangamashumi amane emadolobheni cishe imibhangqwana engama-20 ngekhilomitha skwele.
Ukuxwayiswa kwalezi zinyoni, ubuhlakani bazo kanye nobuchule bazo, kanye neqiniso lokuthi bobabili abazali banakekela inzalo, zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile. Izidleke zama-magpies zitholakala phezulu, zimbozwe ngophahla oluvela phezulu, ngakho-ke kunzima ukufinyelela ngisho nasezinyonini ezidla inyama. Izimfene ezinempilo kuyaqabukela zihlangane nezidliwayo, ngakho-ke uma inyoni isifikile ebudaleni, lapho-ke singacabanga ukuthi ukuphepha kwayo umagpie sekuhlinzekiwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-17: 17
