Lesi sinambuzane, esidabuka e-East Asia scute bugs, sandise ububanzi baso futhi savela endaweni yaseRussia eminyakeni emi-5-6 edlule. Indlela yakhe enqamula amazwekazi aseMelika, izandiso zaseYurophu zifakazela ubungqabavu bayo, amandla aphezulu okuzivumelanisa. Isibungu seMarble kuletha inkinga enkulu kubalimi, abahlali basehlobo. Ukutadisha kwamagciwane engadini kukuvumela ukuthi ubone isitha ngesikhathi, ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwezitshalo.
Incazelo nezici
Imbungulu encane enomzimba omise okwe-thyroid ingandiza. Ngaphansi kwe-carapace ensundu-mpunga enamaphiko anezimpiko ezinewebhu ezinamabala amnyama. Ubude bomuntu omdala ngu-12-17 mm. Ukuhlukanisa isinambuzane esivela ezihlotsheni zaso akulula.
Kepha isitha ungasibona ngemivimbo emhlophe ebekwe emilenzeni, izimpondo zontanga. Amabala amnyama nokukhanya ku-carapace adala imidwebo enamamaki enika isiphazamisi igama laso. I-peritoneum yesinambuzane ilula. Uma ubheka kahle, ungabona amabala aluhlaza ekhanda.
Igama lesayensi lalesi sinambuzane yi-halyomorpha halys, inguqulo yesintu yimbungulu yase-Asia enukayo. Isidlaliso esingathandeki asinikwanga ngenhlanhla. Isiphazamisi sikhipha iphunga elibi kakhulu ezimweni ezimbili:
- ukuheha izithandani zobulili obuhlukile;
- uma kwenzeka ingozi.
Izimpondo ezimnyama nezimhlophe zingahlukanisa kalula isinambuzane semabula nezimbungulu ezingenabungozi.
Izindlala ezikhethekile esiswini esingezansi ziqoqa imfihlo ekhethekile kuze kudingeke. Isinambuzane esinukayo sifakiwe kuhlu lwezinto ezihlukanisayo kusukela ngo-2017, kepha leli qiniso alivimbeli lesi sinambuzane ukuhlala ngobuningi ezindlini, ezindlini ezingaphandle, ezindaweni zokugcina lapho sinokuthile esingakuzuza khona.
I-marble bug - isinambuzane detachment of hemiptera, kuyinto inkathazo zezitshalo. Isisetshenziswa somlomo sebug bush sakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi sikwazi ukubhoboza igobolondo langaphandle lezithelo zezitshalo nge-proboscis ekhethekile, ukumunca ujusi, ukwethula amathe ngama-enzyme.
Ngemuva kokudla isinambuzane, lesi sitshalo singenwa yizifo, ukuphazamiseka kokuthuthuka. Indawo yokubhoboza iba mnyama, i-necrosis yezicubu zezitshalo ikhula ngenxa yokutheleleka kombungu kwe-bacterus.
Imbungulu yemabula iyingozi kakhulu ekutshaleni umkhiqizo.
Ukuguquguquka, ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo ku-pulp kuthinta ukuzwakala kwezithelo nemifino. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziyabhidlika, njengoba ukukhula kwazo kuyeka, lezo ezisele ezihlahleni, izihlahla ziyabola.
Cishe zonke izitshalo zithinteka ekuhlaselweni yisinambuzane esinukayo, kepha ngezinga elikhulu izithelo, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo zemifino. E-Asia, okuyikhaya lembungulu yemabula, ososayensi babale ngaphezu kwezitshalo ezingama-300 ezihlaselwe yiyo, kufaka phakathi izimbali, izihlahlana nemivini.
Ama-Persimmons, ama-tangerine ayashwabana, ama-hazelnuts alenga angenalutho, futhi ijusi noma iwayini akunakwenziwa ngamagilebhisi onakalisiwe. Ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa yisilokazane sezolimo kufinyelela kuma-40-70% wesitshalo esiphelele. Ukulahleka okukhulu kwezezimali kudlula abalimi kanye nabalimi ngenxa yokwehluleka ukuthumela izilimo zezithelo emazweni angaphandle.
E-United States, izibalo zaminyaka yonke zirekhoda amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi ezilahlekile ngenxa yokuhlaselwa yizimbungulu. Ukuvela kwesinambuzane endaweni yase-Abkhazia eseduze, ezifundeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, kubangela ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabantu.
Kulula ukuqaphela ukuvela kwesiphazamisi engadini ngemfihlo yaso enukayo, okusikhumbuza ngokukhishwa kwe-skunk noma i-ferret. Ngokwemvelo, leli khono lisebenza njengesivikelo ezitheni ezigwema ukuxhumana nezinambuzane "ezinamakha".
Uma uthatha i-bug ezandleni zakho, khona-ke iphunga lizohlala ezintendeni zezandla zakho isikhathi eside. Kubantu abajwayele ukusabela okweqile, lesi simo singabangela, ngaphezu kokungahambi kahle, ukubonakaliswa okubuhlungu.
Izinhlobo
Imbungulu yemabula ensundu iyinhlobo eyodwa yezinhlobo, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukubona i-Asiatic Bug kalula. Kepha ezindaweni lapho lesi silokazane sihlanganiswa khona, kunezinye izimbungulu ezifanayo ngosayizi, umbala, ukuma, futhi zingalimazi izitshalo ezilinyiwe.
Imbungulu yomuthi oluhlaza. Lesi sinambuzane sandile ezindaweni eziningi. Abahlali basehlobo bavame ukukuthola emahlathini ama-raspberry, kepha isikhunta asizideleli ezinye izitshalo. Ngekwindla, imibala e-brownish ivela engutsheni eluhlaza, efana nombala wezinambuzane zemabula. Isihlava sesihlahla asondli kuphela esiphuzweni sezitshalo, kodwa futhi nasezinambuzaneni ezifile.
INazara iluhlaza. Umhlali wasehlathini oguqula umbala nenkathi. Ngokuwa, iba yisiphazamisi esinsundu esinsundu, esingabonakali phakathi kwamahlamvu ahlukahlukene. Amaphiko amancane akhulisa ikhono lokuhamba ethungatha imithombo yokudla. Kuhlala amakoloni amakhulu eKrasnodar Territory.
I-Berry shield bug. Umzimba oyisicaba, umbozwe izinwele, ubomvu ngokubomvu. Umphetho we-ventral onephethini elimnyama neliphuzi elinamachashazi ulunguza emaphethelweni e-scutes. Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kunesidlo. Kuvame ukutholakala otshanini obungapheli, ukhula.
Ochwepheshe banake izimpawu ezikhethekile zesihambeli esiyingozi, okulula ukusikhomba. Yethula imabula bug esithombeni ikhombisa:
- amabala amancane emhlane nasekhanda;
- amapuleti e-zygomatic ahambisanayo, agobe ngokuqinile ngaphambili;
- umbala oyingqayizivele wezimpondo: isiqeshana sokugcina esinezisekelo ezimhlophe nesihlokwana, futhi owokugcina onesisekelo esimhlophe kuphela.
Ukuqhathanisa ukubukeka okunamabhalane namanye ama-scutellids kugwema ukudideka. Izimpawu zesici ziyabonakala ezinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka, kepha zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kubantu abadala, kubantu abadala.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Izwe lomlando lesiphazamisi semabula liyindawo eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (iChina, iJapane, iTaiwan, iVietnam, amazwe eNhlonhlo yaseKorea). Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-90s yekhulu elidlule, le ndawo yande kakhulu, yaqala ukuhlanganisa izifundazwe eziseningizimu yeCanada, izifundazwe eziningi zaseMelika.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, isinambuzane sase-Asiatic satholakala eSwitzerland, eNew Zealand, eNgilandi. Kanye nomthwalo wezivakashi, izinambuzane zathuthela ezindaweni ezintsha, zaguqulwa ngempumelelo lapho.
Kusukela ngo-2014, lesi sinambuzane sitholakale eRussia. Ukubonakala kokuqala kwaqoshwa eSochi, eKrasnodar Territory. Isimo sezulu esiswakeme nesifudumele sibe nomthelela ekusakazekeni kwesibungwana semabula, kwaqala ukuqoshwa ukuqubuka kokukhiqizwa kabusha kwabantu abaningi kanye nokulahleka kwezitshalo.
URosselkhoznadzor ugunyaziwe ukubeka unswinyo kwimikhiqizo etheleleke ngezimbungulu ezingeniswe eRussia Federation, kepha lokhu akwenele ukuqeda lesi silokazane kuyo yonke indawo.
Imbungulu ayinazo izitha zemvelo ngenxa yephunga lalesi sinambuzane. Kuphela emazweni ase-Asia kukhona umnyovu wendawo okhubaza amaqanda embungulu. Kwezinye izifunda, kwenziwa imizamo yokuloba izimbungulu ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, kodwa izinambuzane zazingazweli kumakhemikhali. Ukulwa nesinambuzane semabula Kunzima kakhulu.
Esithombeni, izibungu nezincanyana zesiphazamisi semabula
Izimbungulu ezithanda ukushisa ziyasebenza ehlobo, lapho zondla kakhulu futhi zizala. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, izinambuzane ziqala ukufuna izindawo zokuhlala ebusika.
Amaqoqo amakhulu ezimbungulu ezinsundu asemahlathini atholakala emashejini, ezindlini ezisemaphandleni nasezakhiweni ezizimele. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza iyini ingozi yesiphazamisi semabula, njengoba besaba iphunga elibi nje kuphela, kepha futhi bayaluma, ukusabalala kwesifo.
Izimbungulu azivamile ukuluma, kepha zingabonisa ubudlova phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, yize i-proboscis ingashintshi ukubhoboza isikhumba somuntu. Indawo yokubhoboza ibomvu, kuvela ukulunywa, mhlawumbe ukubonakaliswa kokuqubuka komzimba esikhumbeni, ukuvuvukala.
Ukuqeda imiphumela yokuvuvukala, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze indawo yokuluma ngamanzi anensipho, ufake amakhaza. Ungasebenzisa umuthi okhethekile wekhemisi uma ulunywa ukulunywa yizinambuzane ngezakhi zokulwa namagciwane ukuze ugweme ukusabela okweqile okwenzeka emzimbeni.
Njengoba sezike zahlala emifantwini, izikhala zokugqokiswa, izinambuzane zizwela ukuzwela ekukhuleni kwamahora emini, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kwesinye isikhathi imfudumalo yokuhlala kwabantu iheha izimbungulu, ezivame ukuba yizibani ze-incandescent, ziqoqane ophahleni. Ukuhlasela okunjalo akubenzi abantu bajabule.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukukhethwa kwembungulu yemabula ekudleni kuyisongo esikhulu kwezolimo. Ukuvunwa kwazo zonke izihlahla zezithelo nezinye izihlahla zensimu kusongelwa ngokubhujiswa. Izithelo ezinamabala avela kwizimbungulu ezilumayo azikulungele ukudla okunomsoco, ukucubungula. Abalimi balahlekelwa yinzuzo ngokucekelwa phansi kommbila, imidumba, amantongomane, amapentshisi, ama-apula, ama-persimmon, amapheya.
Hhayi isithelo kuphela esifa, kepha kaningi isitshalo uqobo, ngoba isinambuzane simunca ujusi kuziqu namaqabunga. E-Abkhazia kuphela, kwabalwa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-32 ezilinyazwa yilesi sinambuzane. Abalimi bezilimo balahlekelwa ukulahleka kokuqhekeka kwamajikijolo, ama-blueberries, upelepele omnandi, ukhukhamba, utamatisi.
Kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwezinambuzane, izibungu nabantu abadala zondla ezitshalweni ezifanayo. Ososayensi baqaphele ukuthi uma zingekho izitshalo ezilinyiwe, isinambuzane semabula sidla ukhula, ngakho-ke isimo sendlala asisongozi.
I-Phytoplasmosis, edluliselwa yi-bug marble brown, nayo iyingozi ezitshalweni. Izimpawu zalesi sifo amabala eziko, ukuphuphuka kwamaqabunga.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalela izimbungulu siqala maphakathi no-Ephreli. Owesifazane ngamunye uletha inzalo kathathu ngonyaka. Inani eliphelele lamaqanda abekelwe isizini ngayinye izingcezu ezingama-250-300.
Umjikelezo wokuphila wembungulu yemabula ufundwe kahle, ubude bawo buyizinyanga eziyi-6-8. Ngentwasahlobo, abesifazane babekela amaqanda emhlane wamaqabunga. Kwakhiwa izinqwaba zamabhola amancane, ngalinye lalo lingaba yi-1.5 mm ububanzi. Umbala wamaqanda umhlophe, uphuzi ngokukhanyayo, kwesinye isikhathi ubunsundu, ubomvu. Amaqabunga lapho i-clutch ivele khona aphenduka aphuzi futhi awele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, kuvela izibungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bug marble kudlula ezigabeni ezinhlanu, isici sezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene zama-scutellids. Esigabeni ngasinye, ukubukeka kwezibungu kuyashintsha. Ukwakhiwa kwesinambuzane esidala kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35-45, kuya ngamazinga okushisa asezingeni elifanele.
Ukuguqulwa kwezimbungulu ngesikhathi sokukhula noshintsho ekubukekeni bekudukisa ososayensi isikhathi eside - kwakunzima ukuthola ukuthi lesi yisinambuzane esisodwa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka:
Isigaba sokuqala - ama-nymphs ajwayelekile e-orange, angaba ngu-2 mm ubude;
Isigaba sesibili - izibungu ziba mnyama zibe mnyama;
Isigaba sesi-3 - umbala uyakhanya, ucishe ube mhlophe, ubude bungu-12 mm;
Isigaba 4-5 - isikhathi sokuthola usayizi nokuma kwesiphazamisi esidala.
Isikhathi sesigaba ngasinye sicishe sibe yisonto. Esimweni se-nymph, izimbungulu azikwazi ukundiza, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amahle ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-3 m / s. Ukuhamba kwezimbungulu zemabula kuvame ukwenzeka ezitimeleni nasezindizeni ezithwele izithelo nemifino.
Izindlela zokulwa nesinambuzane
Ososayensi bathi ukulawulwa okuphumelelayo kwesihlava semabula kuqala ngokusheshe kutholakale. Izindlela zokuzivikela zisiza ukugcina isivuno sifinyelela kuma-45%.
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu eziqinisekisile ngokwazo ekusebenzeni:
- izithiyo ze-pheromone zihlukile izicupho zesiphazamisi semabula. Zidonswa yiphunga, izinambuzane ziyiswa ezitsheni (izimbiza), izindonga zazo ziphathwa ngento enamathelayo. Kuqoqwa izimbungulu ezifika ku-600 ogibeni ngesonto;
- ukufafaza izitshalo ngesixazululo samakhowe (izingqinamba zeBeaververia bassiana). Njengomphumela wokucubungula, kufika ku-60% wezimbungulu zemabula ezifayo;
- ukuqoqwa kwezinambuzane ngesandla, ngemuva kwalokho ukulashwa kulashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Ungabhekana kanjani nesiphazamisi semabula, inani labantu linquma ngesisekelo sobukhulu bokusatshalaliswa kwalo. Ezindlini zokulala zasehlobo, abanikazi babeka amabhokisi agcwele amaphephandaba amadala namakhadibhodi ekwindla ngasekupheleni.
Abantu abaningi basebenzisa izicupho zemabula ezenziwe ngokwabo.
Izimbungulu zicasha kuzo ngethemba lokuthi zizongena ngaphezulu. Kushe izigaxa zamakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi abalimi abanenhlanhla bafaka iziqukathi zamanzi anensipho ngaphansi kwesibani setafula ebusuku. Izimbungulu eziqoqele ukuzifudumeza azikwazi ukuphuma esixazululweni.
Akukho nzuzo nge-bug marble. Izinambuzane zimele ibutho lama-parasites isintu ebesilokhu silwa nawo isikhathi eside. Kepha kunesithakazelo sangempela esidalweni esiqinile kangako, esikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kumazwekazi ahlukahlukene. Ngendlela, uma udinga ukufaka ushevu izimbungulu, khona-ke leli sayithi lizokusiza.
