Izici nendawo yokuhlala inyoni tern
Ama-Terns ayizihlobo eziseduze zamaqhugwane, kodwa kwezinye izimo mancane ngosayizi walezi zinyoni. Imvamisa, ubukhulu bezinyoni busuka ku-20 kuye ku-56 cm.
Umzimba wezinyoni mncane futhi umude, ingemuva ligobile; izimpiko zinde ngokwanele; umsila ufakwe ukusika okujulile. Njengoba kubonakala ku isithombe se-tern, ukuvela kwezinyoni kubonakala ngomlomo oqondile, omude, obukhali nemilenze emincane, okukhona kuyo ulwelwesi lokubhukuda. Umbala ulula, ekhanda kunesigqoko sezimpaphe ezimnyama; isisu simhlophe; izimpaphe zisuka ebunzini ziye emakhaleni.
Emhlabeni jikelele, kusukela e-Arctic kuya e-Antarctica, izinhlobo ezingama-36 zama-terns zisabalele, kanti eziyi-12 zazo zihlala emazweni afudumele, kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo. I-Black tern, evamile eYurophu Ephakathi neseNingizimu, inosayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-25. Le nyoni yathola igama layo ngombala omnyama woqhwaku, kanye nombala ofanayo wekhanda, isifuba nesisu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ingxenye engenhla yezimpaphe iyimpunga.
Esithombeni, inyoni i-black tern
Unombala othakazelisayo i-tern enamaphiko amhlophe... Kulula ukuqagela egameni lokuthi inyoni inamaphiko amhlophe. Esikhundleni salokho, kuphela ngemuva kwephiko okudwetshiwe ngamathoni anjalo, kunesiqeshana sokukhanya kuphela ngaphezulu, nesimnyama ngezansi. Kodwa-ke, ebusika, ibunzi nesisu sale nyoni kuphenduka kumhlophe.
I-white-win tern esithombeni
Ama-arctic tern, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-polar, zicishe zibe mhlophe ngokuphelele ngombala, ngaphandle kwekepisi elimnyama ekhanda, kanye nezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezimpunga esifubeni nasemaphikweni, ngaphandle ezifana nengubo. Lolu hlobo, ngokungafani nezihlobo zalo, luhlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, futhi luvamile eChukotka, eGreenland, eScandinavia, enyakatho yeCanada nase-Alaska.
Esithombeni i-arctic tern
Imvamisa ama-tern ahlala osebeni nasendaweni engajulile yemizimba yamanzi nezilwandle, ezinze ezindaweni ezinodaka nezinesihlabathi. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zinyoni, eyaziwa futhi esakazeke kakhulu umfula tern... Lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile zikhulu ngandlela-thile kunezihlobo zazo; ube nomlomo ongangekhanda; izimpaphe zimpunga ngomlotha ngenhla, zikhanya kancane ngezansi.
Izimpaphe ezisesiphongweni zishintsha umbala: ehlobo zimnyama phezulu, ebusika ziba mhlophe; kukhona izindawo ezimnyama nezimhlophe ngemuva kwekhanda; umlomo obomvu, omnyama ekugcineni; imilenze ibomvu. Izidalwa ezinamaphiko zingatholakali nje kuphela ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi nemifula, kodwa nasogwini lolwandle. Izinyoni zisakazeke kakhulu kusukela e-Arctic Circle kuya eMedithera.
Esithombeni, ama-river terns
Bakha izidleke eziqhingini eziningi zase-Atlantic, endaweni yezwekazi laseMelika baya eTexas naseFlorida, ebusika bathuthela eningizimu; e-Asia zitholakala zaze zafika eKashmir. Zonke izinhlobo ze-tern zingezomndeni wama-tern.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni ye-tern
Olunye lwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjalo: ama-tern amancane, usengozini. Izizathu zalesi simo esingesihle kube ngukushoda kwezindawo ezifanele ukwakhelwa izidleke kanye nezikhukhula ezihlala zikhona zezindawo zokuzalela ngezikhukhula.
Izinhlobo ezithile zalezi zinyoni ziye zathola isicoco sokuba ompetha ohambweni olude. Isibonelo esivelele salokhu Indiza ye-Arctic tern, minyaka yonke ehlanganisa ibanga elilinganiselwa kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.
Esithombeni kune-tern encane
Zonke izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zindiza kahle. Kepha Ama-arctic tern enza izindiza ezinde kakhulu... Lezi zinyoni zihamba uhambo olumangazayo zisuka kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba ziye kolunye unyaka wonke, ziba nobusika e-Antarctica bese zibuyela enyakatho ye-Arctic entwasahlobo.
Ama-Terns achitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yawo endizeni. Kodwa ngezinyawo ezine-webbed, ababhukudi nhlobo. Yingakho phakathi nohambo olude ngesikhathi seholide I-Arctic tern ayihlali emanzini, kepha izama ukuthola into entantayo efanelekayo.
Kwesinye sezikhathi ezisanda kwedlula, izimpaphe zale nyoni bezisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo njengezinto zokuhlobisa izigqoko zamantombazane, yingakho izinyoni ezinebhadi zabhubha zingenacala ziningi ezandleni zabazingeli abomele inzuzo. Kepha njengamanje, imfashini yezimpaphe ayifanele, futhi isibalo se-polar tern sesiluleme futhi sisesimweni esizinzile.
I-Inca tern ifanekiselwa
Emoyeni, ama-tern azizwa njengama-aces endiza yangempela, ngamandla amakhulu, eshaya amaphiko awo, ahamba kalula, ngokushesha nangokuhamba okuphezulu. Ama-Tern antweza amaphiko awo ayakwazi ukundiza endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esithile, kodwa lezi zingcweti zokuhamba kwezindiza cishe aziziboni izindiza ezindizayo.
Lezi yizinyoni ezisebenza kakhulu, ezingaphumuli futhi ezinamazwi amakhulu, okwenza imisindo zimemeze zithi: "kick-kick" noma "kiik". Banesibindi, futhi uma kwenzeka besongelwa, bagijimela empini ngesibindi ukuze bahlasele isitha, bashaye isitha ngonyawo lwabo. Kunezimo lapho abantu ababudedengu nabazidlayo bathola ukulimala okubi kakhulu kulezi zinyoni.
Lalela izwi le-tern
Ikhono lezinyoni lokuzimela livame ukusebenza njengesizathu sezinye izinyoni ukuhlala eduze kwamakoloni azo ukuze zizizwe ziphephile. Futhi ukukhala okukhulu kwama-tern kungasabisa ngisho nezitha ezinonya kakhulu.
Ukudla kwe-Tern
Ukuhlala ngasogwini lwemizimba yamanzi, ama-terns adla izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs nezinye izilwane zemvelo yasemanzini, okuyizinto eziningi ezakha ukudla kwazo. Zithola "isinkwa" sazo, esikhuphuka ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi ubude obufinyelela ku-10-12 m, zibheke inyamazane yazo phezulu.
Futhi lapho sebebone ilitshe elifanele, bayashesha balilandele kusuka phezulu kuye phansi, bacwile ebangeni eliphakeme. Ukungena emanzini ekujuleni okujulile, tern abambe inyamazane yakhe ayidle ngokushesha. Yize izinyoni zibhukuda kabi, kodwa, zitshuza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ngokujula.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, izinyoni azikhohlisi kangako ekudleni, futhi ziyakwazi ukwaneliseka ngezinhlanzi ezincane kanye nefry, izinambuzane zasemanzini, kanye nezibungu zazo, nazo ezibanjwa ngesikhathi sezindiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudla kokutshala, ngokwesibonelo, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, angafani neze nalezi zinyoni, angavela ekudleni kwawo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila sama-terns
Lezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko zihlala emakoloni ngokuvamile amakhulu kakhulu, anomsindo, futhi ahlala abantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, wonke ama-tern ashadile anensimu okungeyabo kuphela, abayivikela ngentshiseko nangokuzimisela ekungeneni kwangaphandle, zombili izihlobo nezinye izivakashi ezingamenyiwe, baphakamisa ukukhala okukhulu uma kunengozi futhi behlasela isitha, betshuza phezulu.
Izidleke ze-Tern zihlelwe ngendlela yakudala. Kwenzeka ukuthi nezinyoni zihlala ngaphandle kwesidleke, zimane zihlala endaweni efanelekile: ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni, ngisho nasemhlabathini, lapho kulula khona ukubeka amaqanda, okuvame ukuthi kube nezicucu ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ama-Marsh terns hlela izidleke ngqo emanzini, uzakhe ngezitshalo.
Esithombeni, intshontsho le-tern esidlekeni
Amachwane avame ukufukanywa yibo bobabili abazali. Futhi amawundlu, kusukela ekuzalweni anombala wokufihla, azalwa esebenza kahle kangangokuba ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa akhombisa ngempumelelo kubazali bawo ijubane lokuhamba, aqala ukugijima, kuthi ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu andize ngokukhululeka.
Amachwane ezinhlobo ezithile ze-tern avame ukufa ngaphambi kokuba avuthwe. Kwabanye, ukushona kuyinto encane, futhi inani labantu lizinzile, yize abesifazane bekwazi ukubeka iqanda elilodwa. I-bird tern uphila impilo ende eyanele. Imvamisa iminyaka yalezi zinyoni ithatha iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-25 noma ngaphezulu.
