Liguqulelwa kanjena igama lesiLatini laleli kati elikhulu "Panthera onca", "umzingeli onameva". Leli feline elikhulu kunawo wonke ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika yilona kuphela elimele uhlobo lwe-panther kulezi zingxenye. Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo zamakati ezidlayo ezinkudlwana kunaye, kepha zihlala kwezinye izindawo.
Kukhona inganekwane yokuthi kwakuyi-jaguar okwakuyisilwane sokuqala uColumbus asibona ngenkathi eqala ukungena ezweni laseMelika. Futhi abantu bendawo bakhuphule lesi sidalwa saba sezingeni lokungaqondakali futhi basikhonza. Igama elithi "jaguar" livela olimini lwamaNdiya aseQuechua, lapho lisho khona "igazi".
Incazelo yejaguar
I-panther wildcat enamabala iyisilwane esikhulu esidla inyama yaseMelika... Ukuphakama kwabamele abakhulu bezinhlobo ezibunile kungama-68-80 cm, ngokwesilinganiso sama-cm 75. AmaJagagu anomzimba oguqukayo onomzimba onobude obungu-120-180 cm, futhi umsila wawo ungaba mfushane - 45-50 cm noma ufinyelele ku-70-90 cm. kusuka kusayizi, izilwane zinesisindo esisuka ku-68 kuye ku-136 kg. Cishe cishe zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, abesifazane bancane futhi balula kunabesilisa cishe nge-1/5.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isisindo sokurekhoda esiqoshwe nge-jaguar yesilisa sasingu-158 kg.
Amajaguar ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokuvamile makhulu kunabalingani bawo abahlala emahlathini aminyene. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yemihlambi emikhulu yama-ungulates ahlala ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni, futhi ngenxa yalokho - ukuzingelwa ngempumelelo kwezilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukubukeka
- Inhloko nomzimba. Amandla namandla atholakala ekubukekeni kwaleli kati elikhulu. Imihlathi eqinile eyisikwele iqhathanisa kakhulu nomzimba omile omncane. Yilesi sici esihlukanisa i-jaguar nengwe, ebonakala ngaphandle ukuthi iyifana kakhulu ngombala - usayizi wayo omkhulu nenhloko enkulu, nogebhezi olufana nolwehlosi. Izindlebe zincane, zihamba, futhi zinomumo oyindilinga.
- Izidladla zeJaguar hhayi inqobo nje uma bekufanele kube ngomusa ophelele, ngakho-ke isilo sibukeka siyisigaxa esincane. Kepha zinamandla amakhulu, futhi zivamise ukukhombisa amandla kunejubane, yize ama-jaguar egijima ngokushesha okukhulu, kanye nokuhlasela.
- Uboya beJaguar ithambile, ijiyile futhi imfishane. Isendlalelo somzimba singaba nemibala ehlukene enesihlabathi nokubomvu, izindawo ezimnyama ezinhlobonhlobo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene zihlakazeke phezu kwawo ngokungafani: ukucima okuqinile, izindandatho, ama-rosettes, i-nutria lapho uboya bungamathoni ayo amaningi amnyama kunakuwo wonke umzimba. Ingaphezulu lomzimba isisu, umphimbo nesifuba, izidladla zangaphakathi zimhlophe. Ikhanda nemilenze kusakazeke ngamabala amnyama. Izindlebe zimnyama futhi zinendawo ephuzi phakathi.
- Imisindo ikhishiwe... Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, i-jaguar ayikhulumi, kepha iphansi, ithumbu liyakhonona. Ebusuku, wethusa ihlathi ngomdumo ovala izindlebe, okhumbuza ibhubesi. Izwi elijwayelekile le-jaguar lifana ngomsindo nokukhala kwesaha esihlahleni noma ukukhwehlela okuhoshozelayo. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, iyadumzela futhi ihlanze.
Ezakhiweni zofuzo ze-jaguar kunombala omnyama, njengalowo wezinhlayiya, okungabonakali kangako ngokuzalwa kwama-monochrome cubs (ama-melanists) kubantu abavamile abanamabala. Wonke umuntu wamangazwa "ama-panther" amancane azalwa ngama-jaguar e-Odessa Zoo: kwamakati angu-4, amabili abonwa, kanti amabili amnyama bhuqe.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Njengawo wonke amakati, ama-jaguar akhetha futhi "agcine" indawo yawo... Benza bodwa. Isilwane esisodwa "singaba" nesikhala esisuka kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-25 kuye kwayikhulu, abesilisa bavame ukuba nabesifazane ngokuphindwe kabili. Abesilisa bazikhethela izindawo ezingunxantathu ngokwabo, bashintsha i- "corner" lapho abazingela khona njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2-3.
Cishe kanye eminyakeni eyishumi, i-jaguar idlula impahla yayo emngceleni. Ngokuqapha ngokuqapha insimu evela kwabanye abamele i-feline - ama-pumas, ama-ocelots, njll., I-jaguar ayinankinga yokuwela imingcele nomunye ummeleli wezinhlobo zayo.
Isikhathi seJaguar sekuhlwile. Ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga nasebusuku, usebenza ngokukhethekile ekuzingeleni. Umzingeli uhlela ukuqamekela otshanini obude, emagatsheni esihlahla, acashe ogwini eduze nomgodi wokunisela. Kwisisulu esingalindelekile, siyaziphonsa ngemuva noma eceleni, siyibambe siqine entanyeni, sizame ukuklinya ngokushesha noma ukubhoboza ugebhezi ngamazinyo alo. Isici sokugcina imikhuba ye-jaguar kuphela; amanye amakati kuyaqabukela alume amakhanda.
Kuyathakazelisa!Uma inyamazane iyizinkomo, i-jaguar ifuna ukuyilahla phansi ukuze ishaye ekhanda ibalimaze ngaphambi kokuyibulala. Imvamisa akudingeki nokuthi basebenzise amazinyo abo - isisulu simane siphule intamo.
Uma isisulu esingahle sibe nezindlebe ezizwelayo futhi sizwe isilo ngaphambi kokuba sigijime, sinenhlanhla - sinethuba lokubaleka, i-jaguar ayivamile ukugijimela ekuphishekeleni. Kodwa emanzini, i-jaguar, ebhukuda ngokuphelele futhi ithande le nto, izobamba kalula isisulu sayo. Kunamacala aziwayo amajaguar ahlasela izingwenya, ukubamba izinhlanzi, ukuzingela izimfudu. I-jaguar ayivamisile ukuhlasela umuntu, futhi ayikwenzi lokho, ngaphandle kokuthi inikezwe isizathu esinolaka. Konke ukungqubuzana phakathi kwabantu nama-jaguar kuyindlela yokuzivikela yokugcina. Abayidli inyama yomuntu. Kodwa-ke, isilwane esinesifiso sokufuna ukwazi singalandela umuntu ngenxa yelukuluku.
Ahlala isikhathi eside kangakanani ama-jaguar?
Endle, ubude bempilo ye-jaguar kuyaqabukela budlula iminyaka eyi-10-12. Ekuthunjweni, amakati amakhulu aphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25.
Indawo yokuhlala
Umngcele osenyakatho we-jaguar uhlala emathafeni aseMexico nasezifundazweni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States. Izilwane zihlala emikhawulweni esenyakatho ye-Argentina neParaguay, kanye nogu lwaseVenezuela. Amajaguar amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlala esifundeni saseBrazil, iMato Grosso. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-jaguar ligcwele e-Amazon Valley.
I-jaguar idinga izinto eziningana ukuze iphile:
- umthombo wamanzi eduze kwendawo yokuhlala;
- imifino eminyene yokufihla ngenkathi izingela;
- ukukhiqizwa okungenzeka ngobuningi obanele.
Imvelo ibanikeze lezi zinsiza emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, imihlanga yasogwini, izigodi zemifula, eduze kwamaxhaphozi. Ezindaweni ezomile, ama-jaguar cishe awatholakali. Kepha bangakhuphuka izintaba, noma kunjalo, abekho ngaphezu kwama-2700 m (abahlali base-Andes). I-jaguar yake yahlangatshezwa eCosta Rica endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3800, kepha lokhu bekuyinto eyedwa, imvamisa amahlathi asezintabeni awabahehi.
Ukudla kweJaguar
UJaguar uyisilwane esidla ezinye, ngokuqinile esidla inyama... Uzingela izinhlobo zezilwane, ngokusho kwabaphenyi, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-85 zezilwane ezahlukahlukene zawela emazinyweni akhe. Uyakwazi ukuphatha isisulu esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-300 kg. Isisulu esifiseleka kakhulu se-jaguar yizilwane ezinkulu "zenyama" - ezivula ungulates, ezifana nengulube, kubandakanya nemfuyo.
I-jaguar ngeke idelele inkawu, inyoni, impungushe, ingungumbane, amagundane amancane ngisho nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Liphila eduze kwamanzi, leli kati elikhulu libamba izinhlanzi ngenjabulo.
Okumnandi ngokukhethekile ngejaguar ufudu: imihlathi yalo enamandla ingaludla kalula igobolondo eliqinile. I-jaguar iyathanda ukuzitika ngamaqanda wofudu, ikhipha ibhande esihlabathini. Isilo esihloniphekile cishe asikaze sidle isidumbu. Uqala ukudla isisulu esisanda kubulawa kusuka ekhanda, ukuhambisa ku-ham. Uma unenhlanhla yokubulala isilwane esikhulu, i-jaguar ngeke isishiye izinsuku ezimbalwa zilandelana.
Izitha zemvelo
Isitha esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esiyingozi se-jaguar umuntu omzingelayo ngenxa yoboya bakhe obuhle. Ngokwemvelo, le nkosi yehlathi ayinazo izimbangi nezinsongo: endaweni yayo, iphakeme kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla.
Okubalulekile! Angayilwela indawo enezinkumba ezinkulu, imvamisa ebusa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi athole ukulimala kanzima.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ama-jaguar kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana nabaphikisi abanohlonze nabayingozi - ama-caimans, yize ekhipha izilo zamamitha amabili entweni yawo yomdabu. Ukuzingela izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu, kwesinye isikhathi zingaba isisulu se-anaconda noma i-boa constrictor uqobo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
AmaJaguar awanaso isikhathi esithile sokukhwelana. Insikazi ekulungele ukukhwelwa (ineminyaka emithathu) “yazisa” abesilisa ngayo, imaka izihlahla ngomchamo, futhi iphinde ikhiphe “imisindo” yezimpawu abesilisa abaphendula ngayo ngokukhala okuhoshozelayo kwamathumbu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abanye abazingeli bama- jaguar babayenga ngokulingisa ikhwelo lokukhwelana lowesifazane. AmaJaguar, ngokuvamile ahlala yedwa, kuphela kulokhu angakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu.
Kepha abesilisa abalwi bodwa, ukhetho lwenziwa kuphela ngumakoti futhi luthuthela okwesikhashana esizeni salowo omkhethile.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, bayahlukana. Insikazi izenzela indawo yokulala phakathi kwamahlathi, emgodini ofihlekile noma emhumeni, lapho ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-100 zokukhulelwa izala amantshontsho angu-2-4. Amajaguar amancane awakabonwa njengabazali bawo, amachashaza amnyama aminyene atholakala eboyeni bawo. Umama akabadedeli baphume emgodini ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-1.5 zokuphila kwabo.
Kodwa-ke, ancela ubisi lukamama cishe izinyanga ezi-5-6. Umama uqala ukubathatha ahambe nabo ekuzingeleni kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho bekhula futhi bangahlala endaweni ezimele, imvamisa cishe iminyaka emibili. Cishe yingxenye yamawundlu azelwe asinda ebudaleni. I-jaguar ingazala ngokuhlangana ne-panther noma ingwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Umuntu ulimaze kabi inani lama-jaguar ngokuzingela ukuze avikele imihlambi yawo noboya bawo obuhle. Phambilini, babehlangane e-Uruguay nase-El Salvador, manje bayaqothulwa lapho. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuzingela, indawo yokuhlala yamajaguar yehle ngo-2/3 woqobo. Ngisho nangaphandle kokuzingela, umuntu unciphisa izindawo ezifanele lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye.
Namuhla, ukuzingela ama-jaguar akuvunyelwe, kepha, ngeshwa, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuyaqhubeka. Lezi zinhlobo zibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN International Red List ezisengozini. Kodwa-ke, eBrazil, Mexico naseBolivia, kuvunyelwe ukubazingela ngemikhawulo ethile.
