Kuyisiko ukwenza umqondo ojwayelekile wezilonda ngokuya ngesirhubuluzi esimpunga noma esiluhlaza okotshani esikujwayele. Wayevame ukukhulunywa ngaye ku "Ural Tales" kaP P.Bazhov. Bayamshayela isibankwa samabele noma i-agile, futhi ingeyomndeni wezibankwa zangempela. Sambona ehlathini noma ngaphandle nje kwedolobha.
Incane, ihamba kakhulu, emilenzeni emine, inomsila omude oguquguqukayo, okhipha ngezikhathi ezithile, imvamisa ngemuva kwengcindezi. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-2-3, iyakhula futhi. Nazi izimfanelo ezijwayeleke kakhulu zedatha yezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Igama elithi "isibankwa" lingabhekwa lisuselwa kumqondo "osheshayo" ngolimi lwamaGrikhi, amaSlav kanye nabanye abantu abaningi.
Kepha ukuvela kwezilonda eziningi kungahle kungahambisani naleli phethini, ezweni labo lasendulo kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu. Zinama-combs, hoods, pouches pouch, spikes, futhi kunezibonelo ezingenayo imilenze nakancane. Noma kunjalo, ukubukeka kwesibankwa kulula ukubona, kunzima ukudida nesinye isilwane.
Lapha kukhona ikhava enesikhumba, namazinyo akha okukodwa ngemihlathi, nezinkophe zeselula. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva, manje sekunezinhlobo ezingama-6332, ezihlangene emindenini engama-36, ezinabahlukumezi abayi-6.
Noma ngabe ubala nje amagama ezinhlobo zezibankwa, inqubo izothatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ake sijwayelane nezinhlobo ezimbalwa nje zokuthakazelisa. I-infraorder enkulu kunazo zonke, i-Iguaniformes, ifaka imindeni eyi-14.
I-Agamaceae
Lezi yizilonda zosuku olumaphakathi naphakathi, futhi kukhona nabantu abancane kakhulu. Zihlala emhlabathini, ezihlahleni, emigodini, emanzini, kanti ezinye ziyandiza. Bahlala e-Eurasia, e-Australia nase-Afrika. Bahlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwasezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Ake sicabangele ezinye izinhlobo zalo mndeni.
- Umsila onamakha wakhetha ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Afrika, i-Near and Middle East, ingxenye ye-India ne-Pakistan. Banomzimba obanzi obanzi ofinyelela kuma-75 cm ubukhulu.Ikhanda linokubukeka okuyisicaba, umsila uyajiya futhi awude, wonke umbozwe imiqolo enamaqhuqhuva, abathola igama lawo. Umbala ufihlekile, umbala wesihlabathi esimnyama noma i-alumina. Izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu ziyaziwa.
- Izintwala zihlala e-Australia naseNew Guinea I-Amphibolurinae, wonke amagama endawo afaka igama elithi "udrako" - udrako we-scallop, i-tropical, ihlathi, intshebe (ngemuva kwengcindezi, umhlathi wabo ophansi uphenduka ube mnyama, uthathe ukubonakala kwentshebe), kungena ndlebe, njll. Kungenzeka, ukubukeka kwabo okungajwayelekile kubangele izidlaliso ezinjalo.
Eziningi zazo zihlotshiswe ngameva, futhi isibankwa esithosiwe (iChlamydosaurus), ngokwesibonelo, inokubukeka okusongelayo ngokuphelele. Ikhanda lakhe lizungezwe umhlwenga omkhulu wesikhumba oyikhola, bese eliphakamisa njengeseyili uma ejabule. Inobukhulu obucishe bube imitha, umbala we-terracotta ovuthayo, amazinyo abukhali nezinzipho. Ngokubambisana, lokhu kudala isithombe esesabekayo.
- Kubukeka kungajwayelekile imoleki - "udeveli onameva" (uMoleki). Lona kanye igama lokuhlonipha unkulunkulu wamaqaba ohahayo, odinga ukunikelwa ngabantu, kusikisela ukuthi lesi sibonelo sibukeka sesabisa. Umzimba wakhe wonke umboze imicu egobile, futhi ngaphezu kwamehlo, lezi zimila zibukeka njengezimpondo. Futhi yena, njengo unwabu, ingashintsha umbala. Kepha hhayi njengokufihla, kepha kumzwelo nasenhlalakahleni. Usayizi womzimba kuphela opompiwe, ungaba ngu-22 cm.
- Abanye bahlukile kwabanye ama-dragons wamanzi (Phusignathus). Abahlali e-Australia, kepha bahlala e-Southeast Asia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam nase China. NgesiGreki, igama labo lizwakala ngathi "umhlathi uvuvukele", futhi sibazi njengo- Izidonsa zamanzi zaseChina... Zingaba ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside, zisebenzisa umsila wazo ukubhukuda. Abaningi balaba bantu bahlala emakhaya.
ERussia Federation bukhoma:
- I-Caucasian Agama (zalolo hlobo Intaba yase-Asia), iyakwazi ukugoqana ekuqhekekeni nasekungeniseni umzimba. Futhi akunakwenzeka ukumkhipha lapho, ngoba umzimba wakhe wonke uboshwe ngokuqinile ngezikali ezincane, ezigudlukile.
- i-steppe agama... Le ngane ingu-12cm ubude futhi imvamisa iba nombala wokuzifihla wamathoni ampunga-omnqumo. Kepha ekushiseni okukhulu noma ngemuva kwengcindezi, kuguquka kakhulu. Futhi lapha umehluko wobulili ubonakala ngokushesha. Abesilisa banemibala ejulile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama, enezimpawu ze-azure ngemuva, umsila kuphela othatha umthunzi we-isikhupha seqanda. Futhi abesifazane banombala wesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani, banamabala amnyama awolintshi ngemuva.
- ikhanda eliyindilinga - isibankwa esincane esifinyelela ku-14 cm ngomsila. Kuhlala emathafeni nasezifundeni eziwugwadule (Kazakhstan, Kalmykia, amahewu aseStavropol, Astrakhan naseVolgograd). Isifonyo sakhe sine-sloping shape streamlined, esinegama laso. Ukufuna ukwazi okukhulu, amatshe nezinye izinto ezingenakudliwa zivame ukutholakala esiswini.
- ikhanda le-takyr - futhi owakha ogwadule. Unomzimba oyisicaba futhi obanzi, umsila omfushane namaphethini amachashazi ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-pink. Isici esivelele yiphrofayili ephelele yesifonyo, umhlathi ongenhla ucishe uqonde udlule ungene emlonyeni.
- ikhanda eliyindilinga - "monster wethu wobuhle". Esimweni esizolile, inokubukeka okuhloniphekile impela - umbala wephethini onesihlabathi esimpunga nomsila omude kakhulu. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ingozi, ukuguqulwa komzimba kwenzeka - uba sesimweni esisongelayo, afihle, asakaze iminwe yakhe, akhukhumale. Ngemuva kwalokho ivula umlomo wayo ogqamile opinki onamazinyo, iwukhulise ngenxa yemigoqo evikelayo, njengezindlebe ezinkulu. Umlomo ononya nomsila ogobile ugcwalisa isenzo, uphoqa isitha ukuba sibaleke.
Amankentshane
Sonke siyazi ukuthi laba bantu abahlala ezihlahleni bangashintsha umbala womzimba wabo ukufanisa indawo ezungezile. Lokhu kungenxa yezici ezikhethekile zesikhumba. Iqukethe imibala enemibala ehlukene kumaseli akhethekile anamagatsha - kwamabengo... Futhi, ngokuya ngokuncipha kwabo, izinhlamvu zezingulube zisatshalaliswa kabusha, zakha umthunzi "oyifunayo".
Ukuqedela isithombe ukukhipha imisebe yokukhanya ebusweni besikhumba equkethe guanine - into enikeza umbala we-pearl pecent. Ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba bufinyelela ku-30 cm, kuphela ngobukhulu obukhula ngaphezu kwama-50 cm.Bahlala e-Afrika, eMiddle East, eningizimu yeYurophu naseNdiya.
Ubonwe eCalifornia, eFlorida naseHawaii. Ekhaya, bavame ukufuywa I-Yemeni futhi i-panther onogwaja (abahlali baseMadagascar). Esokuqala sithathwa njengesikhulu emndenini, sifinyelela kuma-60cm. Izindawo zeLanga zisakazeke "otshanini" obuluhlaza bezinhlangothi.
Ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngekama. Umsila oqinile esiqeshini esinqamulelayo ekugcineni usontekile ube yindandatho. Lezi zinsuku zikhula zifike ku-52 cm, zinombala omuhle we-emerald onamaphethini namabala. Ingashintsha izithunzi zibe bomvu ngezitini. Bathanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, esinomswakama. Bahlala ekuthunjweni kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4.
Ikhola
Izakhamizi zaseNyakatho Melika. Azinazo izimpawu eziningi ezijwayelekile ze-infraorder iguana-like - umucu omude omude onobambo ngemuva, isikhwama somphimbo, isihlangu se-rostral, imithambo kanye nokuphuma, izikali ezindlebeni naseminwe. Ngakho-ke, bakhishwe emndenini we-iguana, babakhuphula baba sezingeni lomndeni wabo. Isici esihlukile ukuba khona kwekhola elikhanyayo le-motley.
Iguana
Bahlala eMelika, kanye naseziqhingini zaseFiji, eGalapagos naseCaribbean. Phakathi kwabo, ezinkulu kakhulu ziyabonakala ama-iguana angempela - kufika ku-2 m ubude. Ahlukile pleurodont amazinyo anamathela kolunye uhlangothi emathanjeni emihlathi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyo elilahlekile ngokushesha selithathelwa indawo ngelisha elikhulile. Amathuba anjalo ajwayelekile kumalungu eminye imindeni, kepha hhayi ama-Agamas.
Kufihliwe
Umndeni we-Monotypic ohlala eziqhingini zaseWest Indies naseFlorida. Ziyakwazi ukusonteka umsila wazo ungene. Igama linikezwe umugqa omnyama obanzi ogeleza usuka ekhaleni ngamehlo. Okujwayelekile kakhulu kulo mndeni iguana evamile efihliwengihlala eHaiti.
Anole
Izakhamizi zaseMelika naseCaribbean. Zinomzimba omncane ozacile, imvamisa umbala wombala wotshani omncane noma ofile, neminwe emide. Abesilisa banesikhwama somphimbo obomvu, esivuthayo futhi siphume phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana noma ngezikhathi zengozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, iningi labo liyabizwa umphimbo obomvu... Ingashintsha umbala kuye ngesimo.
I-Corytophanidae
Bahlala maphakathi neNyakatho neNyakatho Melika Melika. Bayabizwa isigqoko sokuzivikela noma ikhanda lesigqoko ngesakhiwo esikhethekile sekhanda kanye negebe eliya emsileni. Kukhona abaningana phakathi kwabo basilisks... Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani baqanjwa ngesidalwa esinganekwane esiba yiqhwa ngokubuka.
Mhlawumbe ngokwazi ukubheka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokucwayiza. Noma mhlawumbe ngekhono lokusebenzisa emanzini, ukusikhipha ngokushesha ngezidladla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-12 km / h. Imindeni esele kule infraorder nayo ihlala eMelika. I-infraorder elandelayo - U-Gecko - iqukethe imindeni eyi-7.
AmaGeckos
Onke onogwala bahlukaniswe nezinye izibankwa ngababo karyotype (isethi yezici zama-chromosomes), kanye nomsipha okhethekile esifundeni sendlebe. Azinawo amakhothamo esikhashana angamathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-geckos amaningi aneminwe eqinile futhi emide embozwe izinwele ezinhle.
Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuhamba kunoma iyiphi indawo eqondile. Ukucabangela izinhlobo zezibankwa esithombeni, isigcilikisha sibonakala ngokushesha. Zivame ukuthwetshulwa engilazini ngisho nasophahleni. Ithiphu encane yesigcilikisha enesisindo esifinyelela ku-50 g ingabamba umthwalo onesisindo esifinyelela ku-2 kg.
ERussia Federation bukhoma:
- Isigcilikisha esiminyaminya, isakhamuzi esincane samasentimitha angu-8 sendawo eseduze nentaba iBolshoy Bogdo esifundeni sase-Astrakhan, esabelwe indawo yokugcina yaseBogdinsko-Baskunchak Kubhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Ubude bomzimba bulingana nobude bomsila - konke kungamasentimitha ama-4. Kumbozwe ngezikali eziyimbudumbudu. Ipendwe ngamathoni we-ocher akhanyayo anengubo enothuli, isisu sikhanya. Ngemuva kunemigqa okungenani emihlanu ebanzi enqamulelayo yekhofi.
- i-caspian gecko noma ezacile. Kukhona ama-subspecies angaphandle futhi ayinhloko. Iyasebenza imini nobusuku. Ithanda izindawo ezinamadwala, icasha emigodini yamagundane.
- gcko ompunga noma ongenalutho, sihlala eKazakhstan naseCiscaucasia. I-specimen encane kakhulu, i-5 m ubude nomsila.
Eublefar
Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinhle zasebusuku. Umzimba wonke unezingwe eziphrintiwe - amabala amnyama nama-specks asakazeke kakhulu ngemuva kokukhanya. Bahlala e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika.
Ama-Scalelegs
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezingenamthetho zifana kakhulu nezinyoka. Kodwa-ke, benza imisindo yokuchofoza kunokuba ihoxe. Ezinkulu kakhulu zikhula zifike ku-1.2 m, ezincane - zifike kumasentimitha ayi-15. Zivela kotshani kuya kumbala we-peat. Bahlala kakhulu e-Australia naseNew Guinea. I-infraorder qhwanyaza kufaka nemindeni eyi-7
Imisila yebhande
Kumbozwe ngezikali ezinkulu, ngaphansi kwazo kukhona imvube (i-ossification yesibili). Athuthuke kakhulu emhlane kunasesiswini. Ingemuva ligcwele ameva, kanti nesisu sinezivikelo ezibushelelezi. Umsila wonke uhlotshiswe ngezindandatho ezinesikali njengamabhande. Bahlala e-Afrika.
Izibankwa zangempela
Bahlala eYurophu nase-Asia, kanye naseJapan, e-Indonesia nase-Afrika. Kunezinhlobo eziningi eziphilayo e-United States (izibankwa zodonga). ERussia Federation bukhoma: i-Alpine, idwala, iCaucasian, iDagestan, i-Artvin, idlelo, izibankwa zaseGeorgia, kanye nezibankwa zonyawo nomlomo - iMongolia, imibala emibalabala, ocellated, gobi, ikhanda elisheshayo, elisheshayo, eliphakathi, elinemigqa, elizacile, i-Amur neKorea enomsila omude, isibankwa viviparous.
Uhlobo lwakamuva luvame ngisho nasezifundeni ezibandayo, ngoba aluthatheki kalula emakhazeni. Ebusika, zihamba ngaphansi komhlaba ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-40. Zibhukuda kahle. Amazinyo amancane awakwazi ukuhlafuna ukudla kwamaprotheni, ngakho-ke agwinya izikelemu, izinambuzane neminenke kuphelele.
Skink
Bahlala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Abaphethe izikali ezibushelelezi ezinjengezinhlanzi. Imengamo yesikhashana ithuthukiswe kahle. Phakathi kwabo kukhona abamele abavelele njenge- izikhumba ezinolimi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - omkhulu noma tilikvah. Bahlala e-Australia naseziqhingini zase-Oceania.
Ubukhulu bawo abuhlaba umxhwele kangako - kufika kuma-cm 50. Kepha umzimba ubanzi kakhulu futhi unamandla. Ukuthinta komuntu ngamunye ulimi olubanzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mhlawumbe lena yimiphumela yokudla. Zikhetha ukudla izimbaza nezitshalo.
Phakathi kwama-skinks kunezinhlobo ezinamehlo angajwayelekile - enewindi elibonakalayo esibonelweni esingezansi. Bahlala bebona, ngamehlo abo evaliwe. Futhi ku- gologlazov izinkophe ezisobala zikhule ndawonye njengezinyoka. La "lensi" awavumela ukuthi angacwayizi nhlobo.
Amalungu omndeni amele ushintsho olubushelelezi oluya ezinhlokweni ezingenamlenze - kusuka emilenzeni evame ukwakhiwa neminwe emihlanu ukufinyezwa nokuncishiswa okuhlukile, futhi ekugcineni, kungenamlenze ngokuphelele. nakhu omsila omfushane, omsila weketanga nomsila omncane zinhlobo kanye semi-zasemanzini, ezimibalabala ehlane.
ERussia Federation bukhoma:
Skink ezinemilenze emide, sihlala e-Asia Ephakathi, eMpumalanga Transcaucasia naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeDagestan. Kufika ku-25 cm ngosayizi, ijwabu leso lihamba, umsila uqobekile. Umbala ungowomnqumo onsundu ngokumpunga. Ezinhlangothini, imivimbo emide egqamile futhi enhlobonhlobo iyabonakala.
Ukuqothuka kweMpumalanga Ekude, ohlala eziqhingini zaseKuril naseJapan. I-Olive grey enomsila omude obomvu we-pearlescent. Ifakiwe eNcwadini Ebomvu yaseRussia.
I-Fusiform - 3 imindeni
Uthi lokuphotha
Phakathi kwabo kukhona ukukhasa, okufana nenyoka, nokujwayelekile - ngezidladla ezine ezinamazwane amahlanu. Sekukonke, izikali ziqiniswa ngamacwecwe amathambo ngama-osteoderms. Abanye banesikhumba esigoqene ezinhlangothini zabo, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuphefumula nokugwinya ukudla. Ngokungafani nezinyoka, zinamajwabu amehlo agudlukayo kanye nokuvuleka kokuzwa. Imihlathi iqinile, amazinyo abuthuntu. Kunezinhlobo ze-viviparous.
ERussia Federation bukhoma:
- Uthi lokuphotha brittle noma sucker isibankwa esingenamlenze esifinyelela ku-50-60 cm ubude. Ukuma kufana nokwelulwa. Umbala ubomvu-mpunga noma nsundu, noma ithusi-lethusi, othole igama lawo lesibili.
- I-yellow-bellied noma i-capercaillie - futhi nesibankwa esingenamlenze. Esikhundleni salokho, izitho zangemuva zisekhona, kepha zimelela amashubhu amancane kakhulu eduze kwendunu. Ubude bungafinyelela ku-1.5 m. Ikhanda yi-tetrahedral, enomlomo oqondile. Umbala u-grey olive ngamathoni wezitini.
Abaqaphi - manje sekusele imindeni emi-3
Amazinyo anobuthi
Izinhlobo ezinobuthi bezibankwa, okwamanje babili abaziwayo babo - i-Arizona ne-mexican... Zinomzimba ominyene, ozigingqikayo, umsila omfushane onamafutha agcinwayo nenhloko eyisicaba. Ama-paws anezinzwane ezinhlanu ngozipho obukhali obude. Umbala, ofana nowezidalwa eziningi eziyingozi, uyaxwayisa.
I-Variegated, enezindawo ezikhanyayo ezibomvu ngombala ophuzi ngemuva. Zithanda izindawo eziwugwadule ezinamadwala, kepha azithandi ukoma okukhulu. Kepha bayathanda ukubhukuda, ngenkathi begwedla ngezidladla zabo njengezigwedlo. Ebusika bayalala. Imvamisa ihamba kancane, kepha emanzini iba nesivinini esihle.
Bathanda amaqanda ezinyoni nofudu, yize bephila ngazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Isisulu sifunwa ngosizo lolimi ukuphuma ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi sidlidlize. Ubuthi bokulunywa abubulali, kepha buletha imizwa engemnandi kakhulu - ukuvuvukala, ama-lymph node avuvukile, ukuphefumula, isizungu nobuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutheleleka kungangena enxebeni. Kodwa bona ngokwabo abahlaseli abantu. Ukulunywa kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokubanjwa noma ngemuva kokuthunjwa okungafanele.
Izibankwa zezithulu
Bahlala eBorneo (Kalimantan). Umbala ubomvu ngokubomvu, unemivimbo ensundu yobude obude. Umsila mude futhi mncane, uhhafu wobude bawo wonke umzimba wengxenye yemitha. Ukuvuleka kwendlebe yangaphandle akukho. Lokhu kakhulu izinhlobo ezingavamile zezibankwa... Manje sekusele abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu.
Gada izibankwa
Umkhulu wabo ngokungangabazeki udumile I-Komodo dragon... Usayizi omisiwe womzimba wakhe ungu-3.13 m omsila omfishane Isibankwa sase-Australia sokuqapha esinobude bomzimba obufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-28. Izibankwa eziqaphelayo zinokhakhayi olugoboliswe ngokuphelele, umzimba onqenqemeni, intamo, ulimi lwemfoloko.
Bahamba ngezitho ezicishe ziqonde. Ikhanda limbozwe izigaxa zamathambo ezincanyana. Bahlala e-Asia, e-Australia nase-Afrika. Zikhetha indlela yokuphila yasemini, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo eziningi - ezimnyama, ezimthende kanye neKomodo eziqapha izibankwa.
Lezi zokugcina zazine-parthenogenesis (ukukhiqizwa kobulili obufanayo).Lokho wukuthi, abesifazane bangazala ngaphandle kwabesilisa, amaqanda abo akhula ngaphandle kokukhulelwa. Zonke izibankwa zokuqapha ziyi-oviparous. IDibamia -1 umndeni.
Kufana nezikelemu - izidalwa eziyizithulu, ezingenamehlo futhi ezingenamlenze ezihlala emhlabeni. Bamba imigudu futhi bafana kakhulu nezikelemu zomhlaba. Bahlala emahlathini ase-Indochina, New Guinea, ePhilippines naseMexico. Umndeni omkhulu I-Shinisauroidae nomndeni owodwa.
Ingwenya shinisaur uhlala eningizimu yeChina nasenyakatho yeVietnam. Ubude bomzimba bube ngamasentimitha angama-40 izinhlobo zasekhaya zezibankwa zihlotshiswa ngokwengeziwe ngalezi zinhlobo. Amasu akhethekile enzelwe ukuwuzalisa endaweni yezilwane.
