IGudgeon ejwayelekile ingummeleli womndeni we-carp. IGudgeon isinda ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo ezihlala amanzi angenasawoti ezinaphansi kwesihlabathi futhi yaziswa ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezihlangene futhi idla ama-invertebrate angama-benthic. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlanzi asidluli eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi.
Ezentela
| Isizinda: | Ama-eukaryote |
| Umbuso: | Izilwane |
| Uhlobo: | Izinkinga |
| Isigaba: | Izinhlanzi ezifakwe uRay |
| Ibutho: | Carps |
| Umndeni: | Carp |
| Uhlobo: | Amaminithi |
| Buka: | UGudgeon |
Incazelo yegudgeon
Umndeni we-carp, okungowakwa-gudgeon, unezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, noma amakhulu omkhakha wesizukulwane. Futhi into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi kungena kuwo i-gudgeons yamasentimitha ayishumi kanye no-carps wamamitha amathathu-amane.
Naphezu kobukhulu obuncane kangaka, le nhlanzi iyisilwane esidla ezinye futhi iyadingeka kakhulu kubadobi. Ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukupheka noma njengokudla noma isithiyelo senhlanzi ebukekayo ebabazekayo.
Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka kwe-gudgeon kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyakhanga, yize iphalethi yombala incane. Inomzimba omude, omncane, we-fusiform, oyindilinga okhula ngobude ube ngamasentimitha ayi-12-15. I-gudgeon engamasentimitha angamashumi amabili ingumnikazi werekhodi phakathi kwezihlobo zayo futhi ayivamile ngokweqile, noma ikakhulukazi, ngokungafani. Ubunzima bomuntu ojwayelekile bufinyelela kuma-gramu angama-80 kuphela.
Emzimbeni we-gudgeon ovamile, kunamaphiko amafushane okugcoba kanye nezindunu angenayo imisebe efriziwe. Ubuso bonke bumbozwe ngezikali ezinkulu kunalokho.
Kukhona intshebe ebizwa nge-labial ekhoneni ngalinye lomlomo. Umlomo ka-gudgeon unemigqa emibili yamazinyo ayindilinga ayindilinga, agobile kancane esihlokweni. Ikhanda lalo libanzi futhi liyisicaba, ngomlomo ocijile, umhlathi ongezansi mfushane kunowaphezulu futhi ubonakala ngemfoloko. Kunamehlo amabili amakhulu, aphuzi engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda.
Umzimba we-gudgeon ovamile unemibala eluhlaza okotshani ngoku nsundu, izinhlangothi zesiliva. Ezinhlangothini eziphuzi zezinhlanzi, kunemigqa yamachashaza amnyama, avame ukwakha imivimbo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi zitholakala kusuka kweziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili, kuya ngosayizi nobudala besilwane. Isisu nengxenye yonke engezansi kumbozwe okumhlophe noma isiliva, kanti amaphiko wepectoral, pelvic and anal anombala omhlophe ngokumpunga ngombala onsundu. Amaphiko we-dorsal kanye ne-caudal anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo anezindawo ezimnyama. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi ngeminyaka inhlanzi ishintsha umbala wayo, isuka emthunzini okhanyayo iye komnyama. Mhlawumbe, yilolu hlobo lokuzifihla olusiza izilwane ezincane ukuthi ziphile ezimeni zokunakwa okwengeziwe kusuka ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ezidlayo.
Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi
Imvamisa, ubude be-gudgeon evuthiwe ngokobulili, ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-12, kungabi kangako - 15. Igama elijwayelekile le-gudgeon lingabhekisa nakwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Izinsika zomgogodla zisukela kumasentimitha ama-2 kuye kwayi-3.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
I-gudgeon ihamba emanzini angajulile isikhathi esiningi sempilo yayo, ibhukuda kakhulu ngaphezu kwesihlabathi nangaphansi. Kusatshalaliswa imifudlana emincane yezintaba, imifula emikhulu eyisicaba namachibi amakhulu. Le nhlanzi ihlala nasemifuleni esheshayo enesihlabathi noma amatshe angaphansi. UGudgeon uhlala cishe sonke isikhathi endaweni efanayo lapho azalelwa khona. Ngaphandle kothando olukhulu kangaka lwamanzi angajulile, ekwindla iya ezindaweni ezijulile, ezinodaka zasebusika. IGudgeon iyisibonakaliso sobumsulwa bechibi, ngoba amanzi angcolile ayalihoxisa ngaphezu kwakho konke. Ngenxa yobuso obandayo bemifula namachibi, onina bavame ukubuthana emihlambini eduzane nemithombo echithakayo. Izinhlanzi nazo zithanda iziqhingi ezingabandisi ngalesi sikhathi, lapho amanzi acishe agcwale umoya-mpilo.
Inhlanzi izondla ngokudla okuncane kwezilwane, yize ukudla kwemifino kuyingxenye yokudla kwayo, kepha, njengesilwane sangempela, isisulu esiphilayo sibiza kakhulu i-gudgeon. Isisekelo semenyu senziwe ngezibungu, izinambuzane zasemanzini, izibungu, izinhlanzi ezincane ezincane, i-caviar yezinhlanzi zakwamanye amazwe kanye nefry yayo. Umzingeli omncane usebenza usuku lonke, uhambahamba efuna inyamazane. Ebusuku, iziphatha buthule, izama ukuthola indawo ezinamaphiko ayo phansi kwesihlabathi ukuze ingathwalwa yisikhathi samanje. Kepha kukhona okuhlukile embusweni, ikakhulukazi lapho izidumbu ezinkulu zisebenza echibini emini. Kulesi simo sezinto, i-minnow yokuzingela ilinde isikhathi sosuku, esikhanyisiwe kancane.
Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi iminnows ejwayelekile iyakwazi ukwenza imisindo ekhalayo, ebasebenzela njengendlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Imisindo iyehluka kuye ngezinga lomsebenzi wesilwane kanye namazinga okushisa kwamanzi, kepha akuncikile nhlobo enkathini yokuzalanisa.
Isidleke senhlanzi emanzini angajulile, ezindaweni ezingaphezulu kwamatshe, isihlabathi nezinto zokutshala ngasogwini lolwandle. Amaqanda akhululwa ngaphezu kwe-substrate, ngemuva kwalokho ahamba nomsinga wamanje, acwile futhi anamathele phansi enhlabathini. Amaqanda nefry atholakala ezansi futhi athanda ama-detritus, izindawo ezinesihlabathi ezicebile ekudleni okunemisinga elinganiselayo noma ebuthakathaka.
IMinnow ejwayelekile ihlala emihlambini, okungabantu abaneminyaka eyehlukene nobulili obuhlukile. Inhlangano enjalo ivumela umuntu ukuthi aphile ngempumelelo endaweni eyingozi, ngoba kuhlale kunengozi yokudliwa yinhlanzi enkulu.
Iminnow ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Isikhathi sokuphila se-gudgeon ejwayelekile asidluli eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kuya kweyishumi. Kepha imvamisa isikhathi sokuphila kwenhlanzi siyaphazamiseka lapho sineminyaka engama-3-5, inqobo nje uma gazinga elingenakuzisiza likwazi ukweqa umugqa wonyaka owodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlanzi ezibanjwe echibini lemvelo zingagcinwa ezimweni ze-aquarium, zisinde kuzo kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kwengu-3.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-gudgeon ejwayelekile ihlala ezinhlelweni zamanzi angenasawoti ezigelezela olwandle olusempumalanga ye-Atlantic, iNorth Sea, namachibi oLwandle iBaltic. La mapayipi ahlanganisa imisele yamanzi aseLoire neminye eqhubeka empumalanga, i-UK neRhone, iDanube engenhla neDniester ephakathi nendawo nangaphezulu, kanye nemisele yamanzi eBugai Dnieper eBhesin Sea. Isizathu sokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kwezinhlanzi asikacaciswa, kepha kuvame ukutholakala emachibini, emifuleni nasemifudlaneni yabo bonke osayizi, abanamanzi anesihlabathi noma amatshe anamanzi acwebile.
I-Atlantic Ocean, imicengezi yaseNyakatho neBaltic Seas, kusukela emiseleni yaseLoire kuya eMpumalanga, eMpumalanga Great Britain, imisele yamanzi yaseRhone neVolga, iDanube engenhla kanye neDniesters emaphakathi nengenhla kanye nemisele yamanzi eDnieper, ngezinga elithile noma elinye, igcwaliswe ngokoqobo ngalesi sidlakela esincane. Kwethulwe eMpumalanga naseNyakatho ye-Italy, e-Ireland, eWales naseScotland. Imingcele esempumalanga naseningizimu yebanga ayicaci. Abantu abavela eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia nase-Adour Basin eningizimu yeFrance bangabasedolobheni laseLozanoi. Abantu besigodi seCaspian bangaze babonise uhlobo oluhlukile.
Ukudla kwe-gudgeon ejwayelekile
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-minnows ajwayelekile adla ngayo yonke into engatholwa kusuka phansi kwedamu. Ukudla kungaba yimvelaphi yezitshalo nezilwane. Kepha njengoba inhlanzi ingumdliwayo, izinto ezincane zomhlaba zidlala indima enkulu kwimenyu. Imenyu ifaka phakathi izibungu zomiyane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ze-benthic, izibungu ezincane, i-daphnia, ama-cyclops nezinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokuzala - entwasahlobo, umhlaseli angadla nge-caviar yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. I-minnow ifuna ukudla phakathi kwamatshe nezinhlamvu zesihlabathi, isebenzisa izimpondo ezisebenza njenge-vibrissae ukusesha.
Ezindaweni ezinomsinga owanele, le nhlanzi enobuqili ize iqamekele. Ifihle ekucindezelekeni okuncane, i-minnow ingalinda kalula i-crustacean encane noma i-fry ebhukuda, iyibambe bese iyidla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngeminyaka engu-3-4 yokuphila, inhlanzi ye-gudgeon iba ivuthwe ngokocansi. Ukuhlangana ngemihlambi, abantu ngabanye baya emanzini angajulile ukuze bazalise. I-minnow ejwayelekile ithunyelwa ukuzala kanye kuphela ngonyaka. Idedela amaqanda ngenhla kwe-substrate, egeleza ngomfudlana wamanzi, acwile ezansi futhi anamathele ku-substrate ngegobolondo elinamathelayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ikhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-12. Inhlansi uqobo lwayo inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, inegobolondo elinamathelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kunamathiselwe izinhlamvu eziningi zesihlabathi kuso, ngasikhathi sinye senza umsebenzi wokuvikela nokufihla inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. I-gazinga, njengoba ichanyuselwe emaqandeni, izoqhubeka nokuhlala phansi isikhashana, ikhetha izindawo ezinesihlabathi nezisezingeni eliphansi ezinothe ngokudla. Izingane ezichanyuswayo zondla nge-detritus engezansi.
Amaqanda abekwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingaphezu kuka-7-13 ° C, kepha imininingwane iphakathi nendawo. Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo zeRussian Federation, i-gudgeon iqala ukuzala ngoMeyi. Isikhathi sokuzala siqoshwa isikhathi eside futhi sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-45 kuye kwezingama-60. Isikhathi sokuzalela emanzini angajulile sihambisana nokuqhuma okunomsindo; ngokujula, izinhlanzi cishe aziveli ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngokulandelana, futhi akukho ukuqhuma okwenzekayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngeshwa, endle, kuhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isilwane esikhulu sidle esintekenteke nesincane. I-gudgeon iyisisulu sezilwane eziningi ezidla izinhlanzi njenge-otter yase-Eurasia, i-carp, i-pike noma i-kingfisher evamile. Yize iqiniso lokuthi inhlanzi encane kangako ayikwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zokudla okunomsoco womzingeli omkhulu, idlala indima yendlela yokuphila yamaminnimu, okungukuthi, ukunyakaza kwabo kwesikole. Ngakho-ke, ukuzizingela kuvela ukuthi kuzokhiqiza kakhulu, ngoba uma uthatha ukusheshisa okulungile, ungangena emhlambini, ubambe abantu abaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Kuvela ukuthi abanye abambalwa bacishe babambe ongezansi ngasikhathi sinye ngomsila wokuhamba, ngemuva kwalokho sekuvele kuthule ukuqhubeka nokudla ngaphandle kokujaha, bamane bathatha izisulu eziwile. EYurophu Ephakathi, emifudlaneni nasemifuleni, i-gudgeon yakha ama-45% okudla kwalomhlali wasemanzini. Kwezinye izifunda, lesi sibalo sisukela ku-25-35%.
Kepha hhayi kuphela izinhlanzi nama-otter akuhambisani nokudla i-minnow. Umdlavuza ungalimaza nenani labantu, uqede abasha, ungaboni kahle, isikhashana ngemuva kokuzalwa, ugcwala phansi.
Usongo lungacathamela esibhakabhakeni, nasogwini. Abantu abadala abakhulu bangukudla okufiselekayo kwezinyoni ezidla inyama kanye nezilwane ezincane ezidla umhlaba. Futhi, ngaphandle kokubaluleka okuncane kangako kwezentengiselwano, i-gudgeon ibanjwa ngabadobi ngezingwegwe. Endongeni yokudoba ejwayelekile enesilingo ngesibungu, ungafinyelela kubantu abayikhulu ngokuhlala oku-1. Ukuze uthole i-gudgeon, udinga nje ukwehlisa ingwegwe liye ezansi impela, futhi izosabela ngokushesha ekudleni okuvela emkhathizwe.
Inani lokuhweba
I-gudgeon ayinalo inani elibaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo. Naphezu kokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi nokulula ukubamba, akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukupheka komuntu. Inyama yayo ayikulungele ukudayiswa, ngoba zombili izinhlanzi zincane futhi nenyama uqobo lwayo iyithambo. Ungapheka kuyo, kepha awukwazi ukugwema ukuxabana. Le nhlanzi ayikulungele ukuzalanisa okwenziwe ngezizathu ezifanayo. Imvamisa, i-gudgeon iba yinto yokuzingelwa kwezemidlalo noma ibanjelwa ukusetshenziswa njengesithiyelo senhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu, enkulu yokudla, ngokwesibonelo, i-pike, i-carp, i-carp noma i-catfish. Futhi, lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle zingagcinwa ekuthunjweni. Bathanda amanzi ahlanzekile avamile nenala yokudla. Ama-minnows asolwandle aziphatha ngokungathobeki, ajwayele ukuzijwayeza, noma ngabe esekhule ngokwengeziwe noma kancane ebanjwe endle.
Yize ukuthandwa okuphansi kwezinhlanzi kokudla okunomsoco, kusafanele ukusho izakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo. IGudgeon icebile ngamaminerali nezakhamzimba. Iqukethe amavithamini A no-D, calcium, selenium, phosphorus ne-fluoride. Futhi, inyama yeminnow ine-iodine eyanele ne-omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Lapho ithosiwe, inhlanzi ithola ukunambitheka okumnandi, futhi ngokusetshenziswa njalo ingaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, isimo sokubona, isikhumba, amathambo namazinyo. Iodine equkethwe yizinhlanzi inomthelela omuhle esimweni sendlala yegilo. Inyama ayisebenzisi nje kuphela, ngenkathi inamafutha amancane, okwenza kube ngumthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinto eziyigugu ngenkathi ilandela indlela yokudla yokwehlisa isisindo noma isikhathi sokululama ngemuva kokugula.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Inhlanzi ye-gudgeon izwela kakhulu ekungcolisweni kwamanzi. Noma kunjalo, inezinhlobonhlobo eziningi futhi igcwele ezindaweni eziningi. Ayibhekane nezinsongo ezithile ezikhonjiwe, yingakho i-IUCN ikubeke njengohlobo lwe-'Least Concern '.
