I-bird robin lincane futhi lingele-oda labantu abadlulayo. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, kuwuphawu lokuphuma kwelanga. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yezincwadi, itholakala ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene - i-dawn, alder. Izidalwa ezinezimpaphe ezincane zinethalente lokucula elimnandi ngendlela emangalisayo, ezazithandwa kakhulu yizimbongi nababhali ezikhathini zasendulo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin
Irobin yinyoni emele uhlobo lohlobo lwezingxabano, isigaba sezinyoni, ukuhleleka kwabadlulayo, umndeni wabadobi bezimpukane, uhlobo nezinhlobo zamarobhothi. Ngawo-1920, i-robin yayithandwa kakhulu. EGibhithe lasendulo, kwakuyisiko ukuthi abameleli bomndeni ohloniphekile babe nalezi zinyoni ezincane zezingoma emakhaya abo. Bazijwayeza ngokuphelele ukuhlala ekuthunjweni, banezwi lomculo omnandi. URobins unemvelo enobungane, ethobekile futhi ethokozile.
Ividiyo: I-bird robin
Izizwe zamaCelt namaJalimane asendulo zathi ama-alders athunyelwa yizithunywa zelanga uqobo. Kamuva, izinyoni zazithathwa njengophawu nesithunywa sikankulunkulu wokuduma wezintshebe ezibomvu waseScandinavia nesiphepho iThor. Abantu bangaleso sikhathi babekholelwa ukuthi uma izinyoni zakha isidleke eduze kwendawo yokuhlala abantu, ngokuqinisekile zizoyivikela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo - umbani, umlilo, izikhukhula, nezinye izinkinga. Abantu babheka ukubhujiswa kwesidleke njengobuqaba obungamukeleki futhi kwesinye isikhathi bajezise kanzima umchithi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni zaduma kakhulu kangangokuba amakhadikhadi nezitembu zokuposa ezibonisa izinyoni zanda kakhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho inkolelo yavela khona ukuthi yilezi zidalwa ezincane ezazizama ukusindisa uJesu Krestu ebethelwe esiphambanweni futhi zisuse amagatsha anameva emzimbeni wakhe. Abantu bathi ngemuva kwalokhu babenendawo ebomvu esifubeni sabo, eyayifanekisela amaconsi egazi likaKristu. Ngalesi sikhathi, bazama ukuxazulula izinyoni emazweni amaningi nasemakhoneni omhlaba. Isibonelo, izinyoni azizange zigxile eNew Zealand nase-Australia. EBrithani, i-robin ibhekwa njengophawu olungekho emthethweni lwezwe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyoni ye-robin
Ngaphandle, inyoni inokuningi efana nondlunkulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi inesizotha ngosayizi futhi ingaphansi kakhulu kunondlunkulu ngosayizi. Isilinganiso sobude benyoni singamasentimitha ayi-11-13. Iphiko lingamasentimitha angu-18-21. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa omdala singama-18-25 gram kuphela. Izinyoni zinamehlo amancane ayindilinga nomlomo ococekile omnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayiphinyiselwa. Abesifazane nabesilisa banosayizi ofanayo nombala wezimpaphe. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi abesilisa banombala ogqame kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Imibala elandelayo iyatholakala esikimini sombala wenyoni:
- umnqumo;
- Okumpunga;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- nsundu;
- nsundu;
- Iwolintshi.
Ingxenye engezansi yomzimba ipendwe ngemibala ekhanyayo - mpunga okhanyayo, onsundu ongabonakali, amathoni oju. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba imnyama ngombala. Indawo yesifuba inombala osawolintshi ogqamile. Ipheshana elikhanyayo lewolintshi lisuka esifubeni liye entanyeni, liphakeme liye phezulu ekhanda.
Izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu zinemibala ekhanyayo futhi egcwala kakhulu kuzimpaphe zazo. Kukhona nokucabanga ukuthi ngokuya ngemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokugcwala kwawo, izinyoni zinquma iminyaka, ubulili bomuntu ngamunye, kanye nokulungela ukukhwelana. Amachwane ahlukanisa abazali bawo ngombala wezimpaphe zawo phakathi kwezinyoni ezigijima zizungeze isidleke, kuthi lapho zisondela, zivule imilomo yazo ukuthola ukudla. Imilenze yezinyoni imnyama nsundu.
Ihlala kuphi inyoni ye-robin?
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin eRussia
Inyoni encane yezingoma ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-Eurasia, kanye nangezinombolo ezincane kwamanye amazwekazi.
Izifunda zezinyoni
- cishe yonke insimu yaseYurophu;
- I-Asia Minor;
- insimu yasentshonalanga yeSiberia;
- abanye abantu bahlala e-Algeria;
- ITunisia;
- EJapan;
- izifunda ezithile zaseChina;
- Iziqhingi zaseCanary;
- Igalikuni;
- izifunda eziseningizimu yeNhlonhlo YaseCrimea;
- izifunda ezisenyakatho ye-Iran;
- ECaucasus;
- izifunda eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Azerbaijan.
Izinyoni zikhetha amahlathi ahlabayo, ahlanganisayo noma axubekile njengezindawo zokuhlala. Amahlathi angatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene - zombili ezindaweni eziphansi nasezindaweni eziphakeme. Lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zizizwa zikhululekile kakhulu endaweni enomswakama omkhulu, hhayi izimila eziminyene kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane. Izinyoni zingahlala ezihlahleni, uthango, izihlahla, izindawo zokupaka. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla, ama-robins athanda i-alder ne-spruce ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lapho bekhetha indawo yokuhlala, bazama ukugwema amahlathi amancane futhi amancane.
Lezo zizwe zezinyoni ezihlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zihlukaniswa nokuqina kwesifunda esihlala kuso. Akujwayelekile ukuthi zifudukele kwezinye izindawo. Izinyoni ezihlala ngasenyakatho, lapho kuqala ubusika nokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ziya ezindaweni ezifudumele - eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia Minor, izifunda ezisenyakatho zezwekazi lase-Afrika. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zentwasahlobo, ama-robins abuyela endaweni yawo ejwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abokuqala ukubuya ebusika ngabesilisa. Ngokushesha bahlala ezidlekeni ezingenalutho, bese kuthi emva kwalokho abantu besifazane bazijoyine.
Manje uyazi lapho inyoni ye-robin itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ini inyoni ye-robin?
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin indiza
Ukudla kwezinyoni kuqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinambuzane. Izinhlobonhlobo zesisekelo sokudla zincike esifundeni lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sokudla sezinyoni:
- ama-centipedes;
- izicabucabu;
- amabhungane;
- izibungu;
- izibungu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane;
- ama-molluscs amancane;
- imidji;
- izimpukane.
Izinyoni zifuna ukudla okuhambisana nomhlabathi. Abasabi nakancane indawo yokuhlala nabantu futhi bayakujabulela ukusuthiswa yilokho abantu abaletha izingadi zomphakathi namapaki amadolobha. Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane, amarobhothi adla imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza, izithelo ezivuthiwe kanye namajikijolo. Kuwo wonke amajikijolo, ama-robins akhetha amajikijolo, ama-currants, ama-elderberries, ama-currants. Esikhathini sekwindla-ehlobo, ukudla kwezitshalo kuthatha cishe uhhafu wokudla kwalowo omele abadlulayo.
Ubunzima bokuthola ukudla buvela lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo. Izinyoni ziqala ukufuna ukudla kwezitshalo ezizobasiza ukuthi baphile emakhazeni. Zindiza ngokuphepha ziye ezondla izinyoni. URobins uvame ukubonakala ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi engabandi. Awasabi amanzi futhi angangena ngokuphepha echibini uma enokuthile angakuzuza emanzini angajulile. URobins uvame ukuhlala eduze kwezilwane ezinkulu ezinezinselo: izingulube zasendle, amabhere. Lezi ikakhulukazi yilezo zilwane ezigebha phansi. Lokhu kusiza izinyoni ukuba ziqoqe kalula izinambuzane lapho izilwane ezinkulu zambe umhlabathi khona.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni ye-robin yesilisa
Ama-Robins awavamisile ukusebenza ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku. Ziyasebenza impela emini nasebusuku. Umsebenzi omkhulu kunawo wonke ubonwa emahoreni kusihlwa, lapho izinyoni zindizela ngaphandle ziyofuna ukudla ihora nesigamu ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. URobins ubuyela esidlekeni ngemuva kwehora elilodwa kuya kwamabili selishonile ilanga. Izinyoni zichitha ubusuku obuvame kakhulu zodwa emahlathini noma ezihlokweni zezihlahla. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, izinyoni ezihlala phansi zifuna indawo yokuhlala efanelekile ukuze zifudumale. Kungaba izindlu zezinkukhu, uphahla lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, imigodi yezihlahla ezahlukahlukene. Izinyoni ezihlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu zingathola ukukhanya kwamalambu emigwaqo namalambu emigwaqo.
URobins ubonakala ngokuthanda ukwelashwa kwamanzi. Imvamisa, ngenani elikhulu labantu, ukusa kuqala ngokubhukuda emadamini. Ekuseni, amarobhothi axubha izimpaphe zawo ngamaconsi amazolo asekuseni noma emvula. Ngokumangazayo, uyakwazi ukubona lezi zinyoni ezincane zibhukuda ezintuthwaneni. Izinqubo ezinjalo zisiza izinyoni ukuba zihlanze umzimba wazo ngama-parasites. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinyoni zezingoma zithanda ukuzijabulisa elangeni elifudumele. URobins ushiswe yilanga, elele esihlabathini noma ehleli emagatsheni ezihlahla nasezihlahleni ngomlomo ovulekile. Usuku lwalezi zinyoni ezincane luphela ngendlela eqala ngayo, ngezinqubo zamanzi. Ebusika, izinyoni zivame ukubhukuda emithonjeni yeqhwa.
URobins yizinyoni zesikole. Emihlanjini, njengomthetho, abesilisa badlula abesifazane. Abesilisa abahlulekile ukuthola nokwakha umbhangqwana abangeni endaweni ethile futhi abayigadi imingcele yayo. Emini bachitha isikhathi ngokwehlukana futhi bayazingela, kuthi lapho sekuhlwile baqoqane emiphakathini ye-bachelor bese bechitha ubusuku ndawonye. Inani labantu emaqenjini anjalo lingafinyelela ku-10-25. Umuntu ngamunye unesikwele esithile noma isiqeshana somhlaba angazingela kuso athole ukudla. Ngokuvamile, indawo yayo iyizikwele ezingama-250-750.
Imininingwane yezwi lezinyoni kufanele iphawulwe ikakhulukazi. Ama-trill awo ahlukaniswa ngobuningi obuhlukile, umculo, umsindo. Kwesinye isikhathi zifana namashuni nezinhloso ezahlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi ama-trill emodi entwasahlobo. Izinyoni zichitha iningi lezimpilo zazo ebusweni bomhlaba. Bagxuma phansi ngamaphiko abo phansi. Imvamisa nazo ziyagwedla umsila wazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin egatsheni
URobins uzala kabili ngenkathi eyodwa. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, futhi okwesibili ngoJulayi. Uma ngasizathu simbe lezi zinyoni zilahlekelwe yinzalo yazo, zingaphinde zizichithoze ngo-Agasti. Abesifazane abakulungele ukukhwela ngenhloso bandizela endaweni yabesilisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesilisa baqala ukwethuka futhi bathukuthele. Ziphumela esifubeni phambili, ziphakamisa ikhanda nomsila, futhi okubalulekile, zikhombisa ijubane ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Ngasikhathi sinye, bacula kakhulu, kakhulu, bezama ukwethusa isivakashi sabo.
Abesifazane bakulungele lokhu kuziphatha kwabesilisa. Baqala ukuncenga, bathuthumele, bacindezele umsila wabo phansi, bezama ukuvusa umuzwa wokuhawukela umnikazi. Ekupheleni kokubonakaliswa kokungabi namandla kwakhe, insikazi ikhothamisa ikhanda layo iya emahlathini aseduzane. Lokhu kusebenza kuyaphindwa izinsuku eziningana zilandelana. Ekugcineni, amandla emvelo athatha indawo, futhi owesilisa uqala ukujabulela umuzwa wamandla nokuphakama kwakhe. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho, enganakwa nguyena, uzithola esemshadweni nesihambeli sakhe.
Ngaphambi kokubekela amaqanda, insikazi izakhela isidleke. Imvamisa, ukwenza lokhu endaweni engafinyeleleki ebusweni bomhlaba noma esihlalweni semithi. Zingatholakala emigodini yezihlahla ekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya kwamabili, emigodini yeziqu ezinkulu. Ngokubukeka, isidleke sifana nesitsha sangempela. Inobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10-15 nokujula kwamasentimitha ama-5-7. Ingaphakathi lesidleke ligobeke phansi, izimpaphe namahlamvu ngumama okhulelwe okhathalelayo. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ngobulembu, amahlumela nezimpande ngezinhloso zokufihla. Ku-clutch eyodwa, insikazi izalela amaqanda amhlophe ama-4-6 anezinhlamvu eziluhlaza noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngesikhathi sokubamba kwesibili, inani lamaqanda abekiwe lingaphansi kwelokuqala. Emasontweni amabili kamuva, amaphuphu aqanduselwa emaqandeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke sayo, kanti owesilisa wondla wonke umndeni wakhe.
Inzalo evelayo ayinalusizo nakancane. Amachwane awanazo izimpaphe. Kwaphela amasonto amabili, abazali bashintshanisa amatshwele abo bese bezama ukuwondla ngokwanele. Lapho-ke amaphuphu ashiya isidleke sawo futhi amanye amasonto amabili ahlala emahlathini ezimila ebusweni bomhlaba ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okuphelele kwabazali. Amachwane aqala ukundiza inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, bahlukanisiwe nabazali babo futhi baphila impilo yokuzimela. Amachwane afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka owodwa, ngemuva kwalokho aqandusela amachwane awo.
Izitha zemvelo zamarobhothi
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani inyoni ye-robin
Ezimweni zemvelo, i-robin inezitha ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yobuncane bazo nokungavikeleki, izinyoni ezincane zezingoma zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinamandla nezinkulu. Inani elikhulu lamachwane angenakuzisiza lifa eqoqweni lezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Izidalwa zemvelo zamarobhothi:
- izimbungulu;
- ama-jackdaw;
- amagwababa echobana;
- ama-jay;
- amagundane;
- amagundane;
- ama-martens;
- amaprotheni;
- ama-ferrets;
- weasel;
- ukuqeda;
- izimpungushe;
- amakati.
Ngenxa yokuthi izinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi ebusweni bomhlaba, zinenqwaba yezitha ezilindele lapho. Izilwane eziyingozi kakhulu ematshweleni angenakuzisiza. Imvamisa amarobhothi akha izidleke ezingekho phezulu enhlabathini. Mayelana nalokhu, zitholakala ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye. Izinyoni zivame ukuzithola futhi ziphuze amaqanda azo futhi zibhubhise izidleke.
Kwezinye izimo, umuntu nemisebenzi yakhe nakho kuyimbangela yokucekelwa phansi kwezinyoni nezidleke zazo. Amachwane asezindaweni zepaki avame ukufa ngesikhathi sokugunda. Ukufaniswa kwabantu kwezindawo ezinkulu njalo kunomthelela ezindaweni ezihlala izinyoni. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, abesabi nakancane abantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin
Ababambeli bezindiza baningi kakhulu futhi bamele umndeni wabantu abadlulayo. Ososayensi balinganisele inani labo kusuka kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-135 kuya ku-335. Iningi labantu lihlala eYurophu. Namuhla, abantu abasongelwa. Ngaphandle kokuthi izinyoni zinezitha eziningi ezimweni zemvelo futhi izidleke zazo zivame ukonakala, namachwane ayafa, izinombolo zawo zihlala zizinzile.
Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke, ama-robin agcinwa futhi afuywe njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Amazwi, ama-trill melodic ayinzuzo enkulu nesithunzi sezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi babakhetha ngenxa yezimo zabo ezingekho emthethweni zokuboshwa kanye nobuntu babo, nobuntu babo bokudlala. Ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoni zichamisela amaphuphu kabili ngonyaka, ngenxa yokuthi inani labahlabeleli abanezimpaphe lihlala lizinzile. Ekhaya, ngokugcina kahle, izinyoni nazo zizala ngokukhiqiza. Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukwanda okuphawulekayo esikhathini sokuphila.
I-bird robin - lobu ubuhle obuncane, bokucula. Unezwi elicacile futhi elihle futhi unikezwe amandla okushintsha izingodo nobukhulu. Izinyoni zinkulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.12.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/08/2019 ngo-18: 15
