Ziningi izinganekwane nezinsumansumane mayelana nenhlwathi enkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi iqiniso ligcina kuphi bese kuqala inganekwane. Futhi iphutha yikho konke - ubukhulu obukhulu bale nyoka, kanye nokungafinyeleleki kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nendlela yokuphila efihliwe yesilwane.
Inhlwathi enkulu inamanye amagama amaningi: inhlwathi eluhlaza noma ejwayelekile, kanye ne-boa yamanzi.
Incazelo, ukubuka kwentwasahlobo kwe-anaconda
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukukhulunywa okokuqala ngokusemthethweni kwe-anaconda emsebenzini wenganekwane kutholakala endabeni ethi "IziKronike ZasePeru" kaPedro Cieza de Leon, eyabhalwa ngo-1553. Umbhali uthi lolu lwazi luthembekile futhi uchaza inhlwathi njengenyoka enkulu engamamitha angu-20 ubude enekhanda elibomvu namehlo amabi aluhlaza. Ngemuva kwalokho wabulawa, kwatholakala inkungu esiswini sakhe.
I-Anaconda yinyoka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yezilwane, futhi abesifazane bakhula kakhulu kunabesilisa. Ngokwemininingwane ethembeke kakhulu futhi eqinisekisiwe, ubude obujwayelekile bale nyoka abudluli kumamitha ayi-4-5. Isazi sezilwane saseSweden G. Dahl ezincwadini zakhe zemihla ngemihla uchaza isilwane esingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-8 ubude asibambe eColombia, kanti umuntu wakubo uRalph Bloomberg uchaza izinhlwathi ezinamamitha angu-8.5 ubude... Kodwa osayizi abanjalo kungenzeka ukuthi bahlukile kulo mthetho, futhi izindaba eziphathelene nezinhlwathi ezibanjwe amamitha ayi-11 zimane nje zingamabhayisikili okuzingela. Icala lokuthunjwa kwe-anaconda enkulu eyi-11 m 40 cm ubude elichazwe ngo-1944 liphinde lithathwe ngososayensi banamuhla njengenganekwane futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ubukhulu benyoka babunehaba kakhulu.
Umzimba we-anaconda unombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala, umbozwe ngamabala amnyama ansundu amise okweqanda phakathi kobuso bonke, ezinhlangothini ziyashintshana ngomugqa oyindilinga wokumaka okumpunga nophuzi ngombala omnyama. Lo mbala ukufihla okuhle emahlathini aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo phakathi kwamaqabunga awile. Endaweni yasemanzini, lo mbala ubuye usize inhlwathi ukulandelela inyamazane futhi icashe ezitheni phakathi kolwelwe nasemadwaleni.
Umzimba we-anaconda uqukethe umgogodla nomsila, kanti izimbambo zenyoka ziyaguquguquka futhi ziyaqina futhi ziyakwazi ukugoba nokuqondisa kakhulu lapho zigwinya inyamazane enkulu. Okunye nokunwebeka ngamathambo ogebhezi, axhunyaniswe ngemisipha ethambile evumela ikhanda ukuba lelula futhi ivumele inhlwathi ukuthi igwinye isilwane esikhulu. Ulimi, njengezinyoka zonke, luzwela ngendlela emangalisayo futhi lushesha, lubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekufundeni ngemvelo nasekuxhumaneni. Izikali ezinzima nezomile zimboza umzimba njengezembatho zempi, ziwuvikela ezitheni. Isikali siyashelela futhi siyashelela lapho usithinta, okwenza ukubamba inhlwathi kube umsebenzi onzima kakhulu... I-Anaconda ithulula isikhumba sayo ngesikhathi nge "stocking" esiqinile, ngoba lokhu ikhuhla ngenkuthalo ematsheni nasezinkuni.
Indawo yokuhlala
U-Anaconda uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama nasemizimbeni yamanzi aseNingizimu Melika. Izinombolo zayo ezinkulu ziseVenezuela, eParaguay, eBolivia naseParaguay. Futhi, inhlwathi ingavame ukutholakala emahlathini aseGuiana, eGuyana nasePeru, kepha ngenxa yokuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo sihola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo kakhulu nengabonakali, isibalo sayo kuze kube manje sinenani elilinganiselwe kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kuseseyinkinga kososayensi ukubala ngokunembile inani lama-anaconda esifundeni esithile. Amandla esimo sabantu, ngokufanele, nawo abhekiwe kahle futhi iRed Book ikhombisa ukuthi alukho usongo lokuqothulwa kohlobo. Ngokusho kososayensi abaningi, inhlwathi akuyona eyesilwane esisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. U-Anaconda uhlala ema-zoo amaningi asesidlangalaleni nawangasese emhlabeni, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukudala izimo ezinethezekile zokuzalanisa, ngakho-ke izinyoka azivamile ukuhlala iminyaka engama-20 ekuthunjweni, kanti isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwama-zoo siphansi: iminyaka eyi-7-10.
U-Anaconda ungumhlali wasemanzini futhi uhlala emanzini apholile futhi afudumele asemanzini, imifula neziteshi... Futhi kungatholakala kaningi emachibini amancane asemgodini wase-Amazon. Izinhlwathi zichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwazo emanzini noma eduze kwamanzi, zilele emadwaleni noma ezihlahleni eziminyene zasezindaweni ezishisayo, zilandelela inyamazane yazo phakathi kwamaqabunga nezimbambo. Kwesinye isikhathi uthanda ukuzithamela elangeni egqumeni, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ugibela ezihlahleni. Uma kunengozi, icasha emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze futhi ingaba ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esomile, lapho imifula nemisele kuyoma, izinhlwathi ziyakwazi ukungena emhlabathini nasogwini, zinganyakazi kuze kufike isikhathi semvula.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isakhiwo sekhanda lalenyoka enkulu, amakhala namakhala asibekiwe ezinhlangothini, kepha sivela phezulu, futhi lapho silandela inyamazane, inhlwathi icasha ngaphansi kwamanzi, ibashiye ngaphezulu. Impahla efanayo iyasiza ukweqa ezitheni. Icwila ekujuleni, le nyoka ivala amakhala ayo ngama-valve akhethekile.
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, i-anaconda ivame ukuba isisulu se-jaguar noma i-caiman, futhi inyoka elimele ingadonsela ukunaka komhlambi wama-piranhas, nawo angahlasela isilwane esibuthakathaka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkomo esizijwayele, izinhlwathi zinamandla amakhulu futhi zinolaka kakhulu. Bangaluma noma bahlasele umuntu, kepha kaningi basathanda ukungazibandakanyi kungxabano. Ukusala wedwa nesirhubuluzi esikhulu, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu futhi ungacasuli inhlwathi ngemisindo emikhulu noma ukunyakaza okungazelelwe.
Kubalulekile! Umuntu omdala uyakwazi ukubhekana yedwa nenhlwathi, ubude bayo abudluli kumamitha ama-2-3. Amandla nobungqabavu balenyoka buphakeme kakhulu kunobo bo constrictor, ngokujwayelekile kukholelwa ukuthi ukuphenduka okukodwa komzimba we-anaconda kuqine kaningana kunejika elilodwa le-boa constrictor. Kunenganekwane esabalele yokuthi lezi zinyoka ziyakwazi ukubeka umuntu esimweni sokuluthwa, lokhu akulona iqiniso. Njengezinyoni eziningi, inhlwathi ayinabo ubuthi, kodwa noma kunjalo ukulunywa kwayo kungaba buhlungu kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kubantu.
Kusukela endulo, kuye kwaba nezinganekwane nezinganekwane eziningi ezichaza inhlwathi njengesilwane esidla inyama esivame ukuhlasela abantu.... Okuwukuphela kwecala elirekhodwe ngokusemthethweni lokuhlaselwa komuntu elokuhlaselwa kwengane evela esizweni samaNdiya, okungathathwa njengengozi. Lapho umuntu esemanzini, inyoka ayimboni ngokuphelele futhi ingamenza ngephutha kalula njenge-capybara noma inyamazane yengane. Izinhlwathi azizingeli abantu, futhi izizwe zaseNdiya zasendaweni zivame ukubamba izinhlwathi zenyama ethambile futhi emnandi, futhi izikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi yezandla yezivakashi zenziwe ngesikhumba.
Isazi sezilwane esidumile saseNgilandi uGerald Durrell uchaza ukuzingela kwakhe inhlwathi futhi akakuchazi njengesilwane esesabekayo, kodwa isilwane esasivikelwe buthakathaka futhi esingakhombisi ubudlova. Udokotela wezilwane wayibamba ngokumane abambe umsila bese ephonsa isikhwama phezu kwekhanda le "anaconda enolaka." Lapho isithunjiwe, inyoka yaziphatha ngokuthula, yahamba kancane esakeni futhi yahayiza kancane. Mhlawumbe wayemncane futhi esaba kakhulu, okuchaza kalula ukuziphatha okunjalo "okunokuthula".
Ukudla
Inhlwathi izingela emanzini noma ogwini, ihlasela inyamazane yayo ngokuzumayo... Iphakela njengomthetho ezilwaneni ezincelisayo nasezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo ezincane. Amagundane e-Agouti, izinyoni ezinkulu zasemanzini nezinhlanzi kuvame ukuba yizisulu zempungushe enkulu. Izinhlwathi ezinkulu zingagwinya i-caiman noma i-capybara kalula, kepha lokhu akuvamile. Inhlwathi elambile ingazingela izimfudu nezinye izinyoka ngezikhathi ezingavamile. Kunecala elaziwayo lapho inhlwathi ihlasela inyoni engamamitha amabili e-zoo.
Le nyoka enkulu ingahlala icathamele isikhathi eside, ilinde isikhathi esifanele. Lapho isisulu sisondela ebangeni elincane, inhlwathi yenza ukuphonsa umbani, ibambe isisulu bese isonga insimbi emzimbeni wayo wemisipha. Naphezu kwenkolelo evamile, lezi zinyoka, kanye nama-python, awawaphuli amathambo ezinyamazane zabo, kepha bayayiklinya, banciphisa kancane kancane isifuba namaphaphu. Imvamisa inhlwathi ingena emadolobhaneni futhi ihlasele imfuyo encane, ngisho nezinja ezifuywayo namakati kungaba yizisulu zayo. Phakathi kwezinhlwathi, kunezimo ezaziwayo zokudla abantu, lapho abantu abadala behlasela izilwane ezisencane.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Izinhlwathi ziphila impilo yodwa futhi zibutha kubantu abaningana kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa... Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siba phakathi nesikhathi semvula sezimvula, esiGodini sase-Amazon esiqala ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Insikazi imaka amathrekhi ayo ngento ekhethekile equkethe ama-pheromones futhi eheha abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili. Izilwane eziningana ezindala zigonene zizungeze insikazi enqwabeni enkulu, zihayize futhi zilwe. Lapho ukukhwelana, njengezinye izinyoka, izinhlwathi zisontelana zibe yibhola eliqinile, kuthi owesilisa amboze futhi abambe insikazi ngezimpawu ezikhethekile, yenze imisindo ethize ekhencezayo. Njengoba abesilisa abaningana behlanganyela ekuhlanganyeleni ngasikhathi sinye, kusalokhu kungacaci ukuthi ukhetha muphi kubo, omkhulu kunabo bonke, omncane kunabo bonke, noma owokuqala "ukujola".
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokukhwabanisa owesifazane udla kakhulu, kusukela ngemuva kokuqala kokukhulelwa ngeke akwazi ukuzingela isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Isikhathi sesomiso singahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi owesifazane okhulelwe ufuna ngenkuthalo indawo yokukhosela evikelwe elangeni nezinsalela zomswakama onika impilo.
Imvamisa ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-7, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane azale kuze kufike kuma-40 amawundlu... U-Anaconda ubhekisa ezinyokeni ezi-viviparous futhi ngemuva kokubeletha, kanye nenzalo ephilayo, ulahla imibungu engakakhuli futhi ayidle kanye namazinyane afile, ngaleyo ndlela azinikeze amandla amancane kuze kube yisikhathi lapho engaya khona ukuzingela futhi. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinhlwathi ezincane sezivele zizimele ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha ziyahlakazeka zifuna inyamazane encane. Iningi lezinsana liyafa, liba isisulu sezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezingwenya, kepha kuze kufike kwengxenye yenzalo ingafinyelela ebudaleni.
Izitha zenhlwathi
Inhlwathi inezitha eziningi, futhi eziyinhloko phakathi kwazo ama-caiman, nawo ahlala emifuleni nasemiseleni futhi aphila ngendlela efanayo. Futhi, ama-cougars nezingwegwe zivame ukuzingela inhlwathi, izilwane ezincane noma ezibuthakathaka zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ngesikhathi sesomiso, kanye nabesilisa abaphelelwe amandla ngemuva kokukhwelana. Kepha isitha esiyinhloko se-anaconda sihlala siyindoda ezingela izinyoka ezinkulu ukuzithokozisa nokuzijabulisa... Isikhumba se-Anaconda naso sithandwa kakhulu kubavakashi, okwenza sikhange kubazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho.
Kuyathakazelisa! Inhlwathi encane yaseParaguay ingathengwa kubathengisi abazimele, intengo yayo incike ngosayizi futhi ingama-ruble ayi-10-20 ayizinkulungwane.
