I-Kulan (i-Equus hemionus) isilwane esinezinselo zomndeni we-equine. Ngaphandle, ifana nembongolo noma ihhashi likaPrzewalski, kodwa-ke, lesi silwane esithanda mahhala, ngokungafani nezihlobo ezifanayo, asikaze sithanjiswe ngumuntu. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bakwazile ukufakazela, ngenxa yobungoti be-DNA, ukuthi ama-kulan angokhokho abakude bazo zonke izimbongolo zesimanje ezihlala ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Ezikhathini zasendulo, zazitholakala naseNyakatho Asia, eCaucasus naseJapan. Izinsalela zitholakele nase-Arctic Siberia. I-kulan yachazwa okokuqala ngososayensi ngo-1775.
Incazelo ye kulan
Ngombala, i-kulan ikhumbuza kakhulu ihhashi likaPrzewalski, njengoba linezinwele ze-beige, ezilula embotsheni nasesiswini. Umhlwenga omnyama welula wonke umgogodla futhi unenqwaba emfushane futhi eqinile. Ijazi limfishane futhi liqonde ehlobo, futhi liba lide futhi lisongeke ebusika. Umsila mncane futhi mfushane, unentshakaza eyingqayizivele ekugcineni.
Ubude obuphelele be-kulan bufinyelela ku-170-200 cm, ukuphakama kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinselo kuze kube sekupheleni komzimba kungama-125 cm, isisindo somuntu ovuthiwe sisukela ku-120 kuye ku-300 kg. I-kulan inkulu kunembongolo ejwayelekile, kepha incane kunehhashi. Ezinye izici zayo ezihlukile yizindlebe ezinde ezinde nenhloko enkulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, imilenze yesilwane incane kakhulu, futhi izinselo ziyahlulwa.
Indlela yokuphila nokudla okunempilo
AmaKulan ayizilwane ezidla imifino, ngakho-ke, zondla ukudla kwezitshalo. Azikhathazi ngokudla. Kuyathandeka kakhulu endaweni yabo yokuhlala. Bayayithanda inkampani yamanye ama-kulan, kepha abanye baphatha ngokuqapha. Izinkunzi zamahhashi zivikela ngentshiseko izimbila nezimbongolo zazo. Ngeshwa, ngaphezulu kwengxenye yenzalo yama-kulan iyabhubha ingakafiki nasekuvuthweni kwezocansi, okungukuthi, iminyaka emibili. Izizathu zehlukile - zombili lezi zilwane ezidla inyama nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco.
Imvamisa, amaduna amadala ayahlangana ukuze amelane nezimpisi, alwe nezinselo zawo. Kodwa-ke, izindlela ezisemqoka zokuvikela ama-kulans ezilwaneni eziyingozi yizivinini, ezifana namahhashi omjaho, ezingafinyelela kuma-70 km ngehora. Ngeshwa, ijubane lazo lingaphansi kwejubane lenhlamvu, okuvame ukunciphisa impilo yalezi zilwane ezinhle. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ama-kulan ayizinhlobo ezivikelwe, abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bavame ukuzizingela ngesikhumba sabo esiyigugu nenyama. Abalimi bamane babadubule ukuze basuse imilomo eyengeziwe edla izitshalo izilwane ezingafinyelela kuzo ngokwanele.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi se-kulans endle siyiminyaka eyi-7 kuphela. Ekuthunjweni, le nkathi iphindwe kabili.
Ukwenziwa kabusha kuka-anyanisi
Izimbongolo zasendle zase-Asia kanye namahhashi kaPrzewalski ekuqaleni ahlala emathafeni, izindawo eziwugwadule nogwadule, kepha amahhashi kaPrzewalski aphela endle, u-anyanisi wanyamalala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngaphandle kwabantu abambalwa eTurkmenistan. Kusukela lapho, lezi zilwane bezivikelwa.
IBukhara Breeding Center (Uzbekistan) yasungulwa ngonyaka we-1976 ukubuyiselwa nokugcinwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane zasendle. Ngo-1977-1978 ama-kulan amahlanu (abesilisa ababili nabesifazane abathathu) adedelwa esiqiwini esivela esiqhingini iBarsa-Kelmes e-Aral Sea. Ngo-1989-1990, iqembu lakhuphuka laba ngabantu abangu-25-30. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwalethwa amahhashi ayisishiyagalombili kaPrzewalski avela eziqiwini zaseMoscow naseSt.
Ngo-1995-1998, kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwalezi zinhlobo zombili, okwakhombisa ukuthi ama-kulan aguqulelwa kakhulu ezimweni eziwugwadule (iya esihlokweni esithi "Izilwane zezingwadule nezingwadule).
Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yezenzo ezihlanganisiwe zabafuyi base-Uzbek, namuhla ama-kulan angatholakali kuphela ebubanzini besiza sase-Uzbekistan, kodwa nasengxenyeni esenyakatho ye-India, iMongolia, i-Iran neTurkmenistan.
