Isifunda saseChelyabinsk siseRussia, kanti iChelyabinsk yidolobha eliphakathi. Isifunda sivelele hhayi nje kuphela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, kodwa futhi nangezinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo.
Ukungcola kwe-Biosphere
Imboni enkulu kunazo zonke esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. kucatshangelwa insimbi, futhi wonke amabhizinisi akule ndawo ayimithombo yokungcola kwe-biosphere. Umkhathi nomhlaba kungcoliswe yinsimbi esindayo:
- i-mercury;
- hola;
- i-manganese;
- i-chrome;
- benzopyrene.
Ama-nitrogen oxides, isikhutha, umusi nezinye izinto ezinobuthi zingena emoyeni.
Kulezo zindawo lapho okumbiwa khona amaminerali, kusala izinkwali ezilahliwe, futhi kwenziwa i-voids ngaphansi komhlaba, okubangela ukunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ukonakala nokonakaliswa komhlaba. Izindlu zokungcola zezindlu nezomphakathi nezimboni zihlala zikhishelwa emizimbeni yamanzi yesifunda. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-phosphates nemikhiqizo kawoyela, i-ammonia ne-nitrate, kanye nezinsimbi ezisindayo zingena emanzini.
Inkinga kadoti nodoti
Enye yezinkinga eziphuthumayo zesifunda saseChelyabinsk amashumishumi eminyaka kube ukulahlwa nokucutshungulwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemfucuza. Ngo-1970, indawo yokulahla udoti wasendlini oqinile yavalwa, futhi azikho ezinye izindlela ezavelayo, kanye nezindawo ezintsha zokulahla udoti. Ngakho-ke, zonke izindawo zokungcola ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje azikho emthethweni, kepha udoti udinga ukuthunyelwa kwenye indawo.
Izinkinga zomkhakha wenuzi
Kunamabhizinisi amaningi embonini yenuzi esifundeni saseChelyabinsk, futhi enkulu kunazo zonke yiMayak. Kulezi zikhungo, kufundwa futhi kuhlolwe izinto ezisuka embonini yenuzi, bese kusetshenziswa uphethiloli wenuzi. Amadivayisi ahlukahlukene ale ndawo nawo akhiqizwa lapha. Ubuchwepheshe namasu asetshenzisiwe abeka ingozi enkulu esimweni se-biosphere. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto ezikhipha imisebe zingena emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo eziphuthumayo ezincane zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingozi ezinkulu emabhizinisini, isibonelo, ngo-1957 kwaba nokuqhuma.
Amadolobha angcoliswe kakhulu esifundeni yile mizi elandelayo:
- EChelyabinsk;
- Magnitogorsk;
- Karabash.
Lezi akuzona zonke izinkinga zemvelo esifundeni saseChelyabinsk. Ukwenza ngcono isimo semvelo, kuyadingeka ukwenza izinguquko ezibalulekile emnothweni, kusetshenziswe eminye imithombo yamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obungemvelo.
