Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Iyinyoni encane, ebukeka kakhulu, okuyizinhlobo ze-tit enkulu. Abantu babuye bambize "ngenkosana". Ngosayizi, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka incane kancane kunesihlobo sayo, kepha kuzo zonke ezinye izici ifana kakhulu nayo. Umuntu ongenalo ulwazi lwe-ornithology cishe ngeke ahlukanise lezi zinyoni ezimbili komunye nomunye.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Blue Tit
I-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaqala ukuchazwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngohlelo lwemvelo (uhlelo lweshumi) ngo-1758. Wanikeza nezinhlobo zezilwane igama elithi Parus caeruleus, okusho ukuthi le nyoni yayibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezincane ze-tit enkulu. Ngama-2000s okuqala, ngesisekelo sezifundo zofuzo ezenziwa ngama-ornithologists aseMelika, i-blue tit yahlukaniswa yaba uhlobo oluhlukile.
I-tit tit evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingeye-oda elithi "Sparrow-like" kanye nomndeni we- "Tit". Lo mndeni unezinhlobo ezingama-46 ezitholakala emahlathini ase-Europe, Asia nase-Afrika. Ngokubukeka, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifana kakhulu nondlunkulu, kepha inombala wezimpaphe ogqame kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-13, kanti isisindo saso asidluli ku-13 g.
Ividiyo: Blue Tit
Umehluko phakathi kwe-titmouse eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nama-congener ayo, ama-tits amakhulu, usayizi wawo omncane kuphela. I-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inesisu nesifuba esifanayo esiphuzi ncamashi, umqhele, umhlane, umsila nezimpiko zombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Kukhona nezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezihlathini, nasekhanda lenyoni, imvelo kamama "yapenda" uhlobo oluthile lwesifihla-buso esimnyama, sifinyelela emuva kwekhanda. Izidladla ze-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zimpunga, ezinamazipho aqinile kakhulu.
Lezi zinyoni azinawo umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane, ngaphandle kokuthi ezeduna zibukeka zikhanya kancane, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ezilwaneni ezisencane, umbala nawo ufiphele kancane, akukho cap ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekhanda, phezulu kwekhanda nezihlathi kunsundu ngokumpunga, nebunzi kanye ne-nape kuphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Phezulu kwethole kudwetshwe ngamathoni ampunga athe xaxa, ngamathinki amnyama nansundu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha awaphinyiselwa kakhulu. Ingaphansi lomzimba liphuzi noma limhlophe okotshani.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekuthunjweni, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15, kepha ezimweni zemvelo, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane kakhulu - kuze kufike eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisa i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezinye izinyoni ithoni ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yezimpaphe zazo. I-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyinyoni encane kunalokho enomlomo omfishane nomsila, ifana kakhulu ne-titmouse, kodwa incane kakhulu ngosayizi. Umbala wehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zamabele ezinombala ogqamile oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Omunye umehluko ukuthi ngaphezu kwesifihla-buso esimnyama ekhanda, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, ofana nokhololo, ogijima entanyeni.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, konke kufana nombala wamatiti amakhulu - isiphandla esimhlophe nezihlathi, umsila namaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umqolo oluhlaza okomnqumo, isisu esiluhlaza okotshani, uqhwaku olumnene omnyama, imilenze emincane empunga. I-Blue tit yizinyoni ezihamba kakhulu futhi ezinamandla, zindiza ngokushesha okukhulu, zifana namagagasi, zishaya amaphiko azo kaningi. Bahlala njalo bephenduka kusuka egatsheni baye egatsheni, bathanda ukuhlala emaphethelweni amagatsha amancane, belenga sibheke phansi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isisindo nokwakheka kwawo wonke umzimba we-blue tit kumsiza ukuba alenge abheke phansi hhayi kuphela emagatsheni amancane, kepha nasekulenga amacici.
Abakwa-Blue tit bathanda kakhulu uku-tweeting nokucula, futhi bahlukaniswa kulokhu yireferensi ecebile kakhulu. Amaculo abo anxenxa izinhlamvu ezimbili nezintathu, ama-trill amade, acishe afane nomsindo wensimbi yesiliva, ayakhala. Ukuxhumana komunye nomunye, izinyoni zenza imisindo emifushane efana ne- "cit", iziphinda kaningana zilandelana ngamathoni ahlukene.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Blue Tit eRussia
EYurophu, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe, ngaphandle kwe-Iceland, iScotland (enyakatho), i-Alps (izinkangala), amaBalkan, izifunda ezisenyakatho yeRussia neNhlonhlo yaseScandinavia.
ENorway, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingatholakala enyakatho kuze kufike kubhangqa lama-67, eFinland naseSweden - kuze kufike ku-65th parallel, emingceleni esentshonalanga yeRussia - kuze kufike kumbhangqwana wama-62, eBashkiria - kuze kufike kubhangqa lama-58. Empumalanga, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlala endaweni enamahlathi aseningizimu yeSiberia, icishe ifinyelele eMfuleni i-Irtysh. Eningizimu, itholakala kumaCanaries, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, enyakatho yeSyria, e-Iraq naseSudan.
Indawo ekahle yetit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yihlathi elidala lom-okhi, kepha, njengoba ikhethe ngempumelelo indawo enkulu enamathafa ahlukahlukene, le nyoni yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene, isici esivamile lapho ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezinqabayo.
EYurophu, amabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ahlabayo noma axubekile, okukhona kuwo i-birch ne-oki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingatholakala emaphethelweni nasekujuleni kwehlathi, kanye namapaki, izingadi, ukutshala, amabhande ehlathi ngisho nasezinkangala. I-Blue tit nayo yenza kahle emadolobheni, yakha abantu abaningi, hhayi ngokugwema abantu.
Enyakatho ne-Afrika, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka itholakala emahlathini ama-oak aqothulayo, emahlathini omsedari eMorocco naseLibya, ema-oases aseSahara. E-Canary Islands, le nyoni itholakala ezihlahleni ezinama-palm palm kanye nekama.
Idla ngani i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Titmouse blue tit
Ukudla kwe-tit evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuhluke kakhulu, njenganoma iyiphi enye inyoni. Ngasikhathi sinye, cishe i-80% yakho konke ukudla yakhiwe yizinambuzane, izibungu namaqanda, kanti ama-20% asele angamajikijolo nezithelo ezahlukahlukene. Ehlobo, amabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka adla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ezitholakala ngobuningi emaqabungeni nasemagatsheni ezihlahla nezihlahla.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: E-UK, ama-blue tits athanda ukukhipha ukhilimu ngqo kusuka emabhodleleni obisi anezilonda ze-foil. Ngenxa yalokhu, isiko lakudala kakhulu lesiNgisi labasenga ubisi lokushiya ubisi ngaphansi kweminyango yamakhasimende avamile selinyamalele ngokuphelele.
Imenyu Ehlobo ye-Blue Tit:
- izimvemvane ebusuku;
- izicabucabu;
- izintwala;
- amacimbi ebhu;
- izibungu;
- amabhungane weevils;
- izimpukane;
- ojekamanzi;
- omiyane.
Ngesikhathi sokondla inzalo, inani lezinambuzane ezidliwe lenyuka liphindwe kayishumi. Ukudla izinambuzane eziningi, le nyoni iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu ezisiza abalimi balondoloze isivuno semithi yezithelo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Amatshumi awahlanganyeli ekubambeni izinambuzane emoyeni, kepha azibheka kuphela ngamagatsha, isiqu kanye namaqabunga, kanti kuyaqabukela kwehlele phansi.
Imenyu ye-Blue Tit Autumn:
- amajikijolo ama-blackberry amnyama;
- amajikijolo e-viburnum;
- isithelo se-dog-rose;
- umsedari namantongomane e-beech;
- imbewu ye-sunflower;
- imbewu yepoppy:
- izithelo ze-hazel.
Imenyu yasebusika yamatiti cishe ayihlukile kweyasekwindla, kepha njengoba ukudla kusondela kancane entwasahlobo, izinyoni zizama ngenkuthalo ukuthola izinambuzane ebusika, zifihle amagxolo. Emadolobheni nakwezinye izindawo ebusika, amadoda angama-blue tit anemenyu ehlukahlukene kakhulu, ngenxa yobukhona bezindawo zokulahla udoti kanye neziqukathi ezivulekile zemfucumfucu, lapho kuhlale kunokuthile okuzuzayo ngakho, futhi nangenxa yokuthi abantu bondla izinyoni.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Blue tit ehlathini
Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yendawo yokuhlala, ama-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ahlala kakhulu, kanti ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ebusika zifudukela entshonalanga noma eningizimu. Ukufuduka kwesizini kwalezi zinyoni akujwayelekile futhi kuncike kakhulu esimweni sezulu nasekutholakaleni kokudla. Izinyoni ezincane zifuduka kalula kunezindala.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-tit tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame ukugcinwa ngambili, kwesinye isikhathi igonane emhlambini nezinye izinhlobo zamabele, ama-pikas namakhosi. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, imibhangqwana indizela emahlathini anezihlahla ezindala, lapho ungathola khona umgodi ofanele futhi wakhe isidleke kuwo. Izithandani zondla amaphuphu ndawonye, ziwadedele esidlekeni, bese zihlukana kuze kufike isizini elandelayo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, amabele akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ahlabayo futhi ahlanganisiwe futhi cishe awaze avele kuma-conifers, ngoba kunokudla okuncane kakhulu kubo. Ekwindla nasebusika, izinyoni zindiza zisuka kwenye indawo ziya kwenye, futhi zitholakala emahlathini amadala noma amancane, naphansi komhlonyane. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, ikakhulukazi emakhazeni amakhulu, ama-blue tits ahlangana emhlambini omkhulu ovamile namanye ama-subspecies we-tits, futhi ndawonye izinyoni zizulazula izindawo ngezindawo zifuna ukudla okufanele. Inhlangano enjalo emihlambini exubekile inengqondo impela ngokusuka ekusindeni emakhazeni nasekuphepheni okukhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusika, lapho kunokudla okuncane emvelweni, ama-blue tits ahlasela ngokoqobo ama-feeder alenga abathandi bezinyoni abanesihawu lapha nalaphaya. Isibonelo, ngosuku olulodwa nje, okungenani ama-200 amabele angandizela kumphakeli omisiwe engadini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Blue tit bird
Abesilisa abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka baheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngokukhombisa amakhono abo okundiza nokucula. Ngokuphazima kweso futhi ngokushesha okukhulu bandizela phezulu, bese bewa ngokucijile phansi, benze imidanso yokuncinza, i-swagger. Lo mbhangqwana owakhiwe bese ucula isikhathi eside futhi kumnandi.
Okwesidleke, ama-tits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhetha imigodi noma i-void ezihlahleni ezindala ezisendaweni ephakeme ngenhla komhlaba. Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Uma imbobo iminyene, amabele aluhlaza angayikhulisa ngosizo loqhwaku lwawo. Ezindaweni zokuhlala, ositi bafunde ukwakha izidleke zabo ezinsikeni zamalambu, emifantwini yezitini, ezimpawu zomgwaqo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokufaka izidleke eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuvame ukukhethwa imigodi, ububanzi bomgodi obungaphezu kuka-3.5 cm.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest kuqala ngo-Ephreli futhi, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, kungathatha kuze kube amasonto amabili. Isidleke ngokuvamile sibukeka njengesitsha esincane, ngezansi kwaso kugcwele utshani, ubulembu, phansi noboya. Izinyoni ziqoqa okokulala esidlekeni kuyo yonke indawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuyenzeka ukuthi amabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, efuna izinto zokwakha isidleke, angene emafasiteleni avulekile emizi futhi aqhephuke izingcezu zephepha lodonga noma akhethe i-window putty ngomlomo wawo.
Amabele amadala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuvamile abeka imvuthu emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kuyilapho izinyoni ezincane zizalela amaqanda kanye kuphela. I-clutch yokuqala iwela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, eyesibili ekupheleni kukaJuni. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch lingahluka, kuye ngobudala besifazane futhi liyahlukahluka kusuka kumaqanda ama-5 kuye kwayi-12. Amaqanda ka-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amhlophe ngemibala ensundu. Owesifazane uvame ukuzibandakanya ekufukameleni, kanti owesilisa uyamondla. Kwesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingashiya isidleke isikhashana. Isikhathi sokubeletha ngokuvamile sihlala izinsuku eziyi-16.
Amachwane asanda kuchanyuselwa awakwazi ukuzisiza futhi anamandla kakhulu. Insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, iyazifudumeza, kuthi owesilisa ondle wonke umndeni. Uma isivakashi esingalindelekile sisondela ngokuzumayo esidlekeni, amantshontsho aluhlaza alivikela ngentshiseko ikhaya lawo, enza imisindo efana nenyoka ehayiza noma i-buzz buzz. Ngemuva kwesonto, lapho amaphuphu eqina kancane, insikazi nayo iqala ukuyondla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-21, amaphuphu asekulungele ukushiya isidleke futhi azinakekele ngokwawo.
Izitha zemvelo ze-blue tit
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izitha zemvelo ze-blue tit zingaba zombili izinyoni ezinkulu ezidliwayo: izikhova, oklebe, nezincane: izinkanyezi, ama-jays. Uma ezokuqala zizibambela mathupha, lezi zamuva zonakalisa izidleke zazo, zidla amaphuphu noma amaqanda.
Futhi, abamele abancane bomndeni we-weasel bangakhuphukela emgodini wamatiti aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: ama-weasel. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, abameleli abakhulu bomndeni abakwazi ukugibela emgodini, kepha bayathanda ukuzingela amaphuphu asanda kuphuma esidlekeni futhi angakafundi ukundiza kahle. Futhi, izidleke ze-tit eziluhlaza zibhidlizwa amagundane amakhulu nezingwejeje, kepha kuphela uma imbobo esemgodini ibanzi ngokwanele.
Isimo sezulu esibi singabhekwa njengesitha samabele. Isibonelo, uma ngesikhathi sokukhulisa inzalo (ngoMeyi, ngoJulayi) kuqhubeka kuna imvula futhi izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke liphansi kakhulu isikhathi eside, lapho-ke kunzima ukuthola amacimbi njengokudla okuyinhloko kwamachwane, ngoba awavele achamusele emaqandeni, elinde imfudumalo. Ukuntuleka kokudla okuphilayo kungasongela ngokufa kwayo yonke inzalo.
Futhi, izidleke zezinyoni, ama-parasites - ama-fleas avame ukutholakala. Ngemuva kokuthi amachwane ashiye isidleke, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endala ingahlaselwa kakhulu. Kunamazeze amaningi kangangokuba lesi simo siyisithiyo esikhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-clutch yesibili.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Blue Tit
Njengamanje, inani labantu abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala likhulu kakhulu. Izazi zezinyoni zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kuka-14-16 zalezi zinyoni, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Iqembu lokuqala libizwa ngokuthi i-caeruleus. Izindawo zokuhlala zalezi zinhlobo ezise-Europe nase-Asia. Iqembu lesibili, elingelincane kangako, libizwa nge-teneriffae futhi lifaka ama-subspecies avela eCanary Islands naseNyakatho Afrika.
Abanye ababheki bezinyoni bakholelwa ukuthi ama-tits, ajwayelekile eCanary Islands, kufanele akhonjwe njengohlobo oluhlukile, amaCyanistes teneriffae. Impikiswano eyinhloko umehluko othile ekuziphatheni nasekuculeni, kanye nokuthi izinyoni zase-Eurasia aziphenduli nhlobo ezinxenyeni zezinyoni zeCanary. Kodwa-ke, i-subspecies C. c iyinkinga ebalulekile yokwehlukaniswa kokugcina. i-ultramarinus, ehlala enyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Lezi zinhlobo zinezici eziphakathi phakathi kwabantu base-Eurasia nabaseCanary.
Ngasempumalanga yebanga, lapho, ndawonye ne-tit evamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame kakhulu, amacala okuxubana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo aye abonwa, futhi ngisho nangeminyaka eyikhulu edlule, abantu abayingxube babebhekwa ngephutha ngabadokotela bezinyoni njengezilwane ezizimele. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bakala i-tit eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengezinhlobo ezivame ukwanda ngamanani, yingakho zibangela ukukhathazeka okuncane futhi kungadingi zinyathelo zokongiwa.
Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - inyoni ewusizo engumsizi omuhle kwezolimo namahlathi, ibhubhisa izinambuzane (amacimbi, izintwala, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nabamele isikwati se "Sparrow", i-tit ayizibandakanyi nokucekela phansi - ayikhiphi amajikijolo, ubhekilanga, izikhwebu zommbila nezindlebe zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-20: 02
