ILoggerhead (iCaretta caretta) iyinhlobo yezimfudu zasolwandle. Yilona kuphela omeleli wohlobo lweLoggerheads noma okuthiwa ama-loggerhead sea turtles, awaziwa nangokuthi i-loggerhead turtle noma i-caretta.
Incazelo ye-loggerhead
I-loggerhead yizimfudu zasolwandle ezinosayizi omkhulu womzimba, zine-carapace engu-0.79-1.20 m ubude futhi inesisindo sobubanzi obungu-90-135 kg noma ngaphezulu. Izimpiko zangaphambili zinamazipho ahlabayo. Endaweni engemuva kwesilwane sasolwandle, kunamabhangqa amahlanu, amelwe yizibambo. Amajaji anezimpawu ezintathu zesici se-longitudinal.
Ukubukeka
Isirhubuluzi somgogodla sinekhanda elikhulu futhi elifushane ngokwanele ngomlomo oyindilinga... Inhloko yesilwane sasolwandle imbozwe izihlangu ezinkulu. Imisipha yomhlathi ibonakaliswa ngamandla, okwenza kube lula ukuchoboza ngisho amagobolondo aminyene kakhulu namagobolondo ezilwane amelwe ama-invertebrate asolwandle ahlukahlukene kalula futhi ngokushesha.
Amaphiko angaphambili ngalinye linezinzipho ezixegayo. Izikwele ezine zangaphambi kokubheka zitholakala ngaphambi kwamehlo esilwane. Isibalo semikhakha eseceleni singahluka kusuka ezingcezwini eziyishumi nambili kuya kweziyishumi nanhlanu.
ICarapace ibonakala ngombala onsundu, obomvu ngokubomvu noma womnqumo, futhi umbala we-plastron umelwe yimibala ephuzi noma enokhilimu. Isikhumba se-reptile se-vertebrate sinombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngomsila omude.
Indlela yokuphila yofudu
Ama-Loggerheads angababhukudi abahle kakhulu hhayi ebusweni kuphela, kodwa nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ufudu lwasolwandle ngokuvamile aludingi ukuhlala isikhathi eside emhlabathini. I-reptile ezinjenge-vertebrate yasolwandle iyakwazi ukuhlala ibanga elanele ukusuka ogwini isikhathi eside. Imvamisa, isilwane sitholakala emakhulwini amaningi wamakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini lolwandle, futhi sihlala sintanta.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Loggerheads agijimela ngobuningi ngasogwini lwalesi siqhingi noma ezwenikazi eliseduzane kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Yize kunempilo enhle, isikhathi sokuphila esibalulekile, ngokungafani nombono osakazeke kakhulu nowamukelwa ngokujwayelekile, ama-loggerheads awahlukile neze. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi silwane esinomgogodla siphila cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Indawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala
Izimfudu zeLoggerhead zibonakala ngokusatshalaliswa komhlaba jikelele. Cishe zonke izindawo zokwakha izidleke zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zitholakala ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi nelifudumele. Ngaphandle kweCaribbean esentshonalanga, izilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle zitholakala kakhulu enyakatho yeTropic of Cancer nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yeTropic of Capricorn.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esikhathini sezifundo ze-DNA ze-mitochondrial, bekungenzeka kutholakale ukuthi abamele izidleke ezahlukahlukene baphakamise umehluko wezofuzo, ngakho-ke, kucatshangwa ukuthi abesifazane balezi zinhlobo bathambekele ekubuyeni bazobeka amaqanda ngqo ezindaweni zabo zokuzalwa.
Ngokuya ngemininingwane yocwaningo, abantu ngabanye balezi zinhlobo zofudu bangatholakala enyakatho emanzini apholile noma e-arctic, oLwandle iBarents, kanye nasendaweni yaseLa Plata nase-Argentina. Isirhubuluzi somgogodla sithanda ukuhlala emachwebeni, amanzi asogwini afudumele noma amaxhaphozi anobhasikidi.
Ukudla kweLoggerhead
Izimfudu zeLoggerhead zingezesigaba sezilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle... Lolu hlobo lukhululekile futhi lokhu ngokungangabazeki kuyinhlanganisela engenakuphikwa. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kulula kakhulu ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu sasolwandle sithole inyamazane futhi sizinikeze ukudla okwanele.
Ngokuvamile, izimfudu ze-loggerhead zidla izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezingenamgogodla, ama-crustaceans nama-molluscs, kufaka phakathi i-jellyfish neminenke emikhulu, izipanji kanye ne-squid. Futhi, ukudla kwe-loggerhead kuvezwa izinhlanzi nezilwandle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kufaka nezilwandle zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene, kepha isilwane sikhetha i-sea zoster.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzalela se-loggerhead sisesikhathini sasehlobo-ekwindla. Izimfudu ezinamakhanda amakhulu ngenkathi yokufudukela ezindaweni ezizalisayo ziyakwazi ukubhukuda ibanga lika-2000-2500 km. Kungenkathi yokufuduka lapho inqubo yokuqomisana okusebenzayo kwabesilisa kwabesifazane yehla.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baluma kancane abesifazane entanyeni noma emahlombe. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesikhathi sosuku, kepha njalo ebusweni bamanzi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, abesifazane babhukuda baye endaweni yokwakha izidleke, ngemuva kwalokho balinda kuze kuhlwe bese kuphela beshiya amanzi olwandle.
Isirhubuluzi singena ngokungaqondakali ebusweni besihlabathi, sidlulela ngale komngcele wamaza olwandle. Izidleke zibekwa ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu ogwini, futhi zingezakudala, hhayi imigodi ejulile kakhulu lapho abesifazane bamba ngosizo lwemilenze yangemuva eqinile.
Imvamisa, ubukhulu be-loggerhead clutch busukela kumaqanda ayi-100-125. Amaqanda abekiwe ayindilinga futhi anegobolondo lesikhumba. Umgodi onamaqanda ungcwatshwa ngesihlabathi, ngemuva kwalokho abesifazane ngokushesha bakhasa olwandle. Isirhubuluzi sibuyela endaweni yaso yokwakha njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimfudu zasolwandle zeLoggerhead zifinyelela ebusheni ngokugcwele ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuzala inzalo kuphela ngonyaka weshumi wokuphila, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangemva kwalokho.
Ukukhula kwezimfudu kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, kepha kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zezulu kanye nezici zemvelo. Ekushiseni kuka-29-30mayelanaIntuthuko iyashesha, futhi kuzalwa inani elikhulu labesifazane. Ngenkathi epholile, kuzalwa abesilisa abaningi, futhi inqubo yokuthuthuka yona yehla kancane kakhulu.
Ukuzalwa kwezimfudu ngaphakathi esidlekeni esisodwa kucishe kube kanyekanye... Ngemuva kokuzalwa, izimfudu ezisanda kuzalwa zidonsa ingubo yesihlabathi ngezidladla zayo ziqonde olwandle. Enkambweni yokuhamba, inani elikhulu lezinsizwa liyafa, libe yizisulu ezilula zezinyoni ezinkulu zasolwandle noma izilwane ezidla ezinye emhlabeni. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izimfudu ezincane zihlala emahlathini algae algae brown.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo ezinciphisa inani lezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinamathambo azibandakanyi izilwane ezizingelayo kuphela, kodwa nabantu abangena ngenkuthalo esikhaleni somuntu omele izitshalo zasolwandle. Vele, isilwane esinjalo asiqediwe ngenxa yenyama noma igobolondo, kepha amaqanda alesi silwane esinwabuzelayo abhekwa njengezibiliboco, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni, ezenezelwa kuma-dessert bese zithengiswa zibhenywa.
Emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-Italy, iGrisi kanye neCyprus, ukuzingela nge-loggerhead okwamanje akukho emthethweni, kepha kusekhona izindawo lapho amaqanda e-loggerhead asetshenziswa khona njenge-aphrodisiac ethandwa futhi efunwa kakhulu.
Futhi, izici ezimbi ezinkulu ezithinta ukwehla okubonakalayo kwesibalo sabantu bezilwane ezinwabuzelayo zasolwandle ezinjalo yizinguquko ezimweni zezulu kanye nokuhlaliswa kwezindawo ezisogwini lolwandle.
Okusho umuntu
Izimfudu ezinamakhanda amakhulu ziphephe ngokuphelele kubantu... Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nomkhuba wokugcina i-loggerhead njengesilwane esingajwayelekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaCuba akhipha amaqanda e-loggerhead kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, awabhemele ngaphakathi kwamaqanda futhi awathengise njengohlobo lwamasoseji, kuthi eColombia apheke izitsha ezimnandi kuwo.
Kunabantu abaningi abafuna ukuthola izilwane ezinjalo ezingavamile, kepha isilwane esihuquzelayo sasolwandle esithengiwe ukuze sinakekelwe ekhaya sigwetshelwe ukufa okuthile futhi okubuhlungu, ngoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukunikeza umhlali onjalo wamanzi isikhala esigcwele sisodwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-Loggerheads ibhalwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini e-Red Book kanti futhi isohlwini lweSivumelwano njengezilwane ezingavunyelwe ukuhwebelana namanye amazwe. I-reptile reptrate yasolwandle iyinhlobo evikelekile ngaphansi kwemithetho kazwelonke yamazwe anjengeMelika, iCyprus, i-Italy, iGrisi neTurkey.
Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi emithethweni yesikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba endaweni yesiqhingi saseZakynthos, kwethulwe ukuvinjelwa kokusuka nokwehla kwezindiza kusuka ngo-00: 00 kuya ku-04: 00. Kulesi sikhumulo sezindiza, ama-loggerheads abekela amaqanda ngobuningi.
