Ngaphandle kwegama eliyimfihlakalo, imisebe ye-ionizing ihlala ikhona eduze kwethu. Umuntu ngamunye uvame ukuvezwa kuwo, kokubili kusuka emithonjeni yokufakelwa neyemvelo.
Iyini imisebe ye-ionizing?
Ngokukhuluma ngokwesayensi, le radiation luhlobo lwamandla akhishwa kuma-athomu ento ethile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili - amagagasi kagesi nezinhlayiya ezincane. Imisebe ye-Ionizing inegama lesibili, ayinembile ngokuphelele, kepha ilula kakhulu futhi yaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu - imisebe.
Akuzona zonke izinto ezinemisebe ye-radioactive. Kunenani elilinganiselwe kakhulu lezinto ezinemisebe yendalo. Kepha imisebe ye-ionizing ayikho kuphela eduze kwetshe elijwayelekile elinokwakheka okuthile. Kukhona inani elincane lemisebe ngisho naselangeni! Futhi nasemanzini avela emithonjeni yolwandle olujulile. Akuzona zonke, kodwa eziningi ziqukethe igesi ekhethekile - i-radon. Umphumela wayo emzimbeni womuntu ngobuningi bawo uyingozi enkulu, kepha, njengomphumela wezinye izinto ezinemisebe ye-radioactive.
Umuntu ufunde ukusebenzisa izinto ezinemisebe yezinhloso ezinhle. Izikhungo zamandla enuzi, izinjini zangaphansi kolwandle, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha isebenza ngenxa yokubola kokubola okuhambisana nemisebe ye-radioactive.
Umphumela emzimbeni womuntu
Imisebe ye-Ionizing ingaba nomthelela kumuntu kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Isimo sesibili senzeka lapho umthombo wemisebe ugwinywa noma ungeniswa ngomoya ohogelwayo. Ngokunjalo, ithonya langaphakathi elisebenzayo liphela ngokushesha lapho into isusiwe.
Ngemithamo emincane, imisebe ye-ionizing ayibeki ingozi enkulu kubantu ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngezinhloso zokuthula. Ngamunye wethu uke wenza i-Xray okungenani kanye ezimpilweni zakhe. Idivayisi eyenza isithombe iqala imisebe yangempela ye-ionizing, "ekhanya phakathi" kwesiguli. Umphumela uba "isithombe" sezitho zangaphakathi, esivela kwifilimu ekhethekile.
Imiphumela ebucayi yezempilo yenzeka lapho umthamo wemisebe mkhulu futhi ukuvezwa kwenziwa isikhathi eside. Izibonelo ezigqame kakhulu ukususwa kwezingozi ezikhungweni zamandla enuzi noma amabhizinisi asebenza ngezinto ezinemisebe (ngokwesibonelo, ukuqhuma kwesikhungo samandla enuzi saseChernobyl noma ibhizinisi leMayak esifundeni saseChelyabinsk).
Lapho kutholwa umthamo omkhulu wemisebe ye-ionizing, ukusebenza kwezicubu zomuntu nezitho kuyaphazamiseka. Ububomvu buvela esikhunjeni, izinwele ziyawa, ukushisa okuthile kungavela. Kepha okukhohlisa kakhulu yimiphumela ebambezelekile. Abantu asebesezindaweni zemisebe ephansi isikhathi eside bavame ukuba nomdlavuza ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Ungazivikela kanjani emisebeni ye-ionizing?
Izinhlayiya ezisebenzayo zincane kakhulu ngosayizi nangejubane elikhulu. Ngakho-ke, zingena ngokuthula ezinqabeni eziningi, zime kuphela phambi kukakhonkolo omkhulu kanye nodonga lokuhola. Kungakho zonke izindawo zezimboni noma zezokwelapha lapho imisebe ye-ionizing ikhona ngohlobo lomsebenzi wazo inezithiyo nezibopho ezifanele.
Kulula kanjalo nokuzivikela emisebeni yemvelo e-ionizing. Kwanele ukunciphisa ukuhlala kwakho elangeni eliqondile, ungathatheki ngokushuka futhi uziphathe ngokucophelela lapho uhambela izindawo ezingajwayelekile. Ngokuyinhloko, zama ukungaphuzi amanzi avela emithonjeni engahloliwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-radon.
