I-Cassowary uhlala eNew Guinea nasengxenyeni eseduze ne-Australia. Lezi yizinyoni ezinkulu futhi eziyingozi kubantu, kepha imvamisa zihlala ehlathini futhi zikhetha ukucasha kubantu ezingabazi. Lona kanye igama elithi "cassowary" lihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelasePapuan ngokuthi "ikhanda elinezimpondo" futhi lichaza isici sabo esikhulu: ukuphuma okukhulu ekhanda.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cassowary
Umlando wokuvela kwama-ratites, afaka phakathi i-cassowary, ucacisiwe kancane muva nje. Phambilini, bekunenkolelo yokuthi zonke zenzeka endaweni ethile endaweni eyodwa - phela, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle ezihlakazeke emazwekazini ahlukene (izintshe, i-emu, i-kiwi, i-tinam, i-rhea, i-cassowary) zalahlekelwa i-keel yazo ngokwehlukana.
Kodwa abacwaningi base-Australia naseNew Zealand bathole ukuthi bekunjalo: ama-ratites njenge-superorder ahlukaniswa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu eyedlule, lapho izwekazi elilodwa laseGondwana lase lihlukaniswe laba izicucu. Isizathu sokulahleka kwamandla okundiza kwaba ukuqothulwa okukhulu ekupheleni kwesikhathi seCretaceous, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho kwadedelwa imicengezi eminingi yemvelo.
Ividiyo: ICassowary
Izidliwayo zaba zincane, futhi okhokho bama-ratites anamuhla baqala ukukhula ngosayizi futhi bandiza kancane kancane, ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-keel yabo ivele inciphe. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-cassowary yokuqala, kwakusekude kakhulu: ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, lena yinyoni "encane". Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zohlobo lwe-Emuarius ezihlobene nama-cassowaries cishe zineminyaka engama-20-25 wezigidi ubudala, kanti okutholwe okudala kakhulu kwama-cassowary "kuphela" iminyaka eyi-3-4 million.
Izinsalela ze-cassowaries zitholakala ngokungavamile, cishe zonke esifundeni esifanayo lapho zihlala khona. Isibonelo esisodwa sitholakale eSouth Australia - lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi phambilini uhla lwalezi zinyoni lwalubanzi, yize izindawo ezazingaphandle kwalesi sikhathi zazingenabantu abaningi. Uhlobo lwe-cassowary (Casuarius) luchazwe nguM. Brisson ngo-1760.
Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezintathu:
- i-cassowary evuthiwe noma ejwayelekile;
- i-cassowary enentamo ewolintshi;
- muruk.
Esokuqala sachazwa nangaphambi kohlobo lohlobo - nguK. Linnaeus ngo-1758. Abanye ababili bathola incazelo yesayensi kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi olunye uhlobo olulodwa kufanele luhlukaniswe, kepha umehluko walo kusuka kumuruk mncane impela, futhi leli phuzu alabiwa ngumphakathi wesayensi wonkana. Izinhlobo ezibalwe zona, zihlukaniswe zaba isamba sezinhlobo ezingama-22.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bird cassowary
ICassowary iyinyoni enkulu futhi ayikwazi ukundiza. Ama-cassowaries athwala isigqoko sokuzivikela akhula afike ekuphakameni komuntu, okungukuthi, ngamasentimitha ayi-160-180, futhi ubude bungafinyelela kumamitha amabili. Isisindo sabo singama-50-60 kilograms. Lezi zingqinamba zibenza babe inyoni enkulu kunazo zonke e-Australia nase-Oceania, kanti emhlabeni balandela izintshe emva kwezwe kuphela.
Yize kuphela uhlobo olulodwa lwe-cassowary olubizwa ngokuthwala isigqoko sokuvikela ikhanda, empeleni, umhluzi, yona kanye "isigqoko sokuzivikela", ikuzo zontathu lezi zinto. Kwacatshangelwa izinto ezahlukahlukene zokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwayo. Isibonelo, ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukunqoba izithiyo ezivela emagatsheni lapho isebenza, ekulweni phakathi kwabesifazane, ukuthola amaqabunga ngenkathi ifuna ukudla, ukuxhumana.
UMuruki uhlukaniswa nentamo yabo enezimpaphe. Kodwa kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili kukhona “amacici” entanyeni, kolunye olunentamo ewolintshi, nasezigqokweni ezimbili ezithwala isigqoko sokuzivikela. Izimpaphe zeCassowary zigqama uma ziqhathaniswa nezimpaphe ezijwayelekile zezinyoni ngenxa yokuthamba nokuguquguquka kwazo. Izimpiko ziyisisekelo, inyoni ayikwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni noma isikhashana. Izimpaphe zokundiza ziyancipha, imvamisa abomdabu bahlobisa izingubo zabo ngazo.
Abesilisa bangaphansi kwabesifazane ngosayizi, umbala wabo awukhanyi. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezikhulayo zinsundu, hhayi ezimnyama, njengakubantu abadala, zinamahlumela amancane kakhulu ekhanda. AmaCassowaries anemilenze ekhule kahle enezinzwane ezintathu, ngayinye iphela ngozipho abahlaba umxhwele. Inyoni ingabasebenzisa njengesikhali: ende ifinyelela ku-10-14 cm futhi, uma i-cassowary ibashaya kahle, iyakwazi ukubulala umuntu kusukela ekushayweni kokuqala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Yize i-cassowary ibukeka inkulu futhi i-clumsy, futhi ingazi nhlobo ukundiza nhlobo, igijima kakhulu kakhulu - ikhipha ama-40-50 km / h ehlathini, futhi isheshise kangcono kakhulu endaweni eyisicaba. Uphinde agxume imitha elilodwa nohhafu ukuphakama futhi abhukude ngokuphelele - kungcono ungenzi le nyoni isitha.
Ihlala kuphi i-cassowary?
Isithombe: I-cassowary ethwele isigqoko
Bahlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ikakhulukazi esiqhingini saseNew Guinea. Abantu abancane ngokwedlulele eGulf of Australia. Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zihlala ziseduze, ububanzi bazo buyagqagqana, kepha kuyaqabukela zihlangane ubuso nobuso.
Bakhetha indawo enezindawo eziphakemeyo ezahlukahlukene: ama-muruk yizintaba, ama-cassowaries athwala isigqoko sokuzivikela akhetha izindawo ezilele ngobude obumaphakathi, kanti ezentamo eziwolintshi zihlala ezindaweni eziphansi. AmaMuruk akhetheke kakhulu - ezintabeni ahlala kuzo ukuze angahlangani nezinye izinhlobo, futhi uma zingekho angaphila kunoma yikuphi ukuphakama.
Zonke lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zihlala emahlathini akude kakhulu futhi azithandi inkampani yanoma ngubani - noma amanye ama-cassowaries, ngisho nezinhlobo zawo uqobo, ingasaphathwa eyabantu. Le nyoni inemfihlo futhi iyethusa, futhi ingethuka futhi ibaleke lapho ibona umuntu, noma imhlasele.
Bahlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezingasogwini ezisengxenyeni esenyakatho yesiqhingi, kanye nesifundazwe saseMorobi, umfula iRamu River, neziqhingi ezincane eziseduze naseNew Guinea. Akukaziwa ukuthi ngabe ama-cassowaries ahlala kulezi ziqhingana phambilini, noma angeniswa evela eNew Guinea.
Bebehlala e-Australia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi ngaphambi kokuba kube khona okuningi kubo: ngisho nasePleistocene, babehlala engxenyeni ebalulekile yezwekazi. Kulezi zinsuku, ama-cassowaries atholakala kuphela eCape York. NjengaseNew Guinea, bahlala emahlathini - kwesinye isikhathi bayabonwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, kepha ngenxa yokuqedwa kwamahlathi, kubaphoqa ukuthi bahambe.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona inyoni ye-cassowary. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Kudlani i-cassowary?
Isithombe: I-cassowary efana nentshe
Imenyu yalezi zinyoni ihlanganisa:
- ama-apula nobhanana, kanye nezinye izithelo eziningi - amagilebhisi asendle, imirtile, i-nightshade, izintende zezandla nokunye;
- amakhowe;
- amaxoxo;
- izinyoka;
- iminenke;
- izinambuzane;
- inhlanzi;
- amagundane.
Ngokuyisisekelo, badla izithelo eziwile noma ezikhulayo emagatsheni aphansi. Izindawo lapho ikakhulukazi izithelo eziningi ziwela ezihlahleni, ziyakhumbula futhi zivakashele njalo lapho, futhi uma zithola ezinye izinyoni lapho, ziyazixosha. Noma yisiphi isithelo sigwinywa siphelele ngaphandle kokuhlafunwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu igcinwa kahle futhi, ihamba ehlathini, i-cassowaries iyayiphatha, yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu futhi ivumele ukuthi ihlathi lemvula ligcinwe. Kepha isithelo sonke asilula ukugaywa, ngakho-ke kufanele bagwinye amatshe ukwenza ngcono ukugaya.
Ukudla kwezitshalo kuyanqoba ekudleni kwe-cassowary, kepha futhi akazinaki nezilwane nhlobo: ubuye azingele izilwane ezincane, yize ejwayele ukungakwenzi ngenhloso, kepha uma ehlangane nje, ngokwesibonelo, inyoka noma isele, uzama ukuzibamba azidle. Echibini angazibandakanya ekudobeni futhi akwenze ngobuciko obukhulu. Ayinaki i-cassowary ne-carrion. Ukudla kwezilwane, njengamakhowe, kuyadingeka ngama-cassowaries ukugcwalisa izinqolobane zamaprotheni emzimbeni. Futhi badinga ukufinyelela njalo emanzini - baphuza kakhulu, ngakho-ke bahlala ukuze kube nomthombo oseduze.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imbewu edlulise isisu se-cassowary ihluma kangcono kunaleyo engenakho "ukwelashwa" okunjalo. Kwezinye izinhlobo, umehluko uyabonakala kakhulu, mkhulu kunayo yonke kwiRyparosa javanica: imbewu ejwayelekile iqhuma ngamathuba angama-4%, kanti leyo ekhiqizwe ngotshwala be-cassowary - 92%.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-cassowary yesifazane
Ziyimfihlo, ziziphatha ngokuthula futhi zikhetha ukucasha ehlathini - ngenxa yalezi zici zobuntu bazo, uhlobo olulodwa kuphela kwezintathu, i-cassowary yesigqoko, efundwe kahle. Kuyaqabukela bavote, ngakho-ke kuvame ukuba nzima ukuzibona, yize zinde. I-cassowary ichitha usuku lonke ifuna ukudla: isuka kwesinye isikhathi iye kwesinye, ikhethe phakathi kwezithelo eziwile ezingcono, izama ukukhetha lezo ezikhulayo ziphansi kakhulu. Le nyoni ikwenza kancane lokhu, yingakho ingabeka isithombe sokuthi ayinabungozi, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukubukeka kwayo kungenangozi.
Kepha lo mbono awulungile: ama-cassowaries ayashesha, aqinile futhi anobuciko, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ayingozi kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha phakathi kwezihlahla, ngaphezu kwalokho, bayizilwane ezidlayo, ngakho-ke banolaka impela. Abantu imvamisa abahlaselwa - ngaphandle kokuthi bayazivikela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi bangathatha isinqumo sokuthi badinga ukuvikela indawo yabo. Imvamisa, i-cassowary ikhombisa ulaka kumuntu uma amaphuphu akhe eseduze. Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, uvame ukuthatha indawo esongelayo: uyagoba, umzimba wakhe uyathuthumela, intamo yakhe iyavuvukala futhi izimpaphe zakhe ziyavuka. Kulokhu, kungcono uthathe umhlalaphansi ngokushesha: uma impi ingakaqali, ama-cassowaries awathambekele ekuphishekeleni.
Into esemqoka ukukhetha inkomba efanele - uma ubalekela amatshwele noma i-clutch, i-cassowary izohlasela. Ishaya ngezinyawo zombili ngasikhathi sinye - isisindo nokuphakama kwale nyoni kuyivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukushaya ngamandla, kodwa isikhali esibaluleke kunazo zonke yizinzipho ezinde nezicijile ezifana nezimbambo. ICassowaries nayo ikhombisa ukuhlukumeza izihlobo zayo: lapho behlangana, kungaqala ukulwa, ophumeleleyo axoshe olahlekile futhi abheke indawo ezungeze eyakhe. Imvamisa, abesifazane bangena empini - kungaba bodwa noma nabesilisa, kuyilapho bekhombisa ulaka.
Abesilisa bathule kakhulu, futhi lapho abesilisa ababili behlangana ehlathini, bavame ukuhlakazeka. Imvamisa ama-cassowaries agcina ngamunye ngamunye, okuhlukile kuphela isikhathi sokukhwelana. Hlala uphapheme ebusuku, ikakhulukazi usebenza kusihlwa. Kodwa ngosuku kuba nesikhathi sokuphumula, lapho le nyoni ithola amandla okuqala uhambo lwayo ehlathini futhi ngokuqala kokuhwalala okulandelayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amachwane weCassowary
Izinyoni eziningana zihlangana kuphela lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa, ezinyangeni ezisele akukho buhlobo phakathi kwama-cassowaries, futhi lapho zihlangana, zingahlakazeka noma ziqale impi. Ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni zokugcina zobusika nasezinyangeni zokuqala zentwasahlobo - eningizimu yezwe - kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuSepthemba. Lapho lesi sikhathi sifika, owesilisa ngamunye uhlala endaweni yakhe engamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana, bese eqala ukulinda kuze kube yilapho owesifazane ezulazula kuso. Ngokumbona, owesilisa uqala ukudikiza: intamo yakhe iyanyenya, izimpaphe ziyaphakama, futhi wenza imisindo ekhumbuza "ibu-buuu" ephindaphindwayo.
Uma insikazi inentshisekelo, iyasondela, bese eyesilisa icwila phansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi ingama ngomhlane njengophawu lokuthi ukuqomisana kwamukelwe, noma kushiywe, noma kuhlaselwa ngokuphelele - lokhu kuyindlela engathandeki, ngoba abesilisa sebevele bancane, ukuze kuthi lapho beqala ukulwa besesimweni esingesihle kangako, bavame ukufa.
Uma konke kuhamba kahle, ama-cassowaries akha i-pair futhi ahlala ndawonye amasonto ama-3-4. Kulokhu, ingxenye eyinhloko yezinkathazo ithathwa owesilisa - nguyena okufanele akhe isidleke, owesifazane ubekela amaqanda kuphela kuso, lapho umsebenzi wakhe uphela khona - uyahamba, owesilisa uhlala futhi afukamele amaqanda. Insikazi ivame ukuya esizeni somunye wesilisa nabalingani nayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana, iyakwazi ukwenza lokhu okwesithathu. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, iyahlala ngokwehlukana - ayinandaba nhlobo ngesiphetho samatshwele.
Amaqanda ngokwawo makhulu, isisindo sawo singama-500-600 amagremu, anombala omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi acishe abe mnyama, anemibala ehlukene - imvamisa iluhlaza okotshani noma umnqumo. E-clutch, imvamisa iba ngu-3-6, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuwafukamela amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayi-6 - futhi kowesilisa lesi yisikhathi esinzima, udla kancane futhi anciphise kuze kufike kokuthathu kwesisindo sakhe. Ekugcineni, amatshwele ayavela: asethuthukile futhi angalandela oyise vele ngosuku lokuchamisela, kepha kuyadingeka ukubanakekela, okwenziwa obaba kuze kube yilapho izingane zifinyelela eminyakeni eyizinyanga eziyi-9 - ngemuva kwalokho baqala ukuhlala ngokwehlukana, futhi obaba beza nje inkathi entsha yokukhwelana.
Ekuqaleni, ama-cassowaries amancane asengozini enkulu - awadingi nje kuphela ukufundiswa indlela yokuziphatha ehlathini ukuze angabanjwa yizilwane ezidlayo, kodwa futhi nokuzivikela kubo. Ngaphandle kokuthi obaba benza umsebenzi wabo ngokuzimisela, ama-cassowaries amaningi asemancane aba yizisulu zezilwane ezidlayo - kuhle uma okungenani iphuphu elilodwa kusuka ku-clutch liba mdala. Zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu, kepha zivuthwa ngokocansi kuphela ngeminyaka emithathu. Sekukonke, baphila iminyaka eyi-14-20, bayakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside kakhulu, kunalokho ukuthi kunzima kakhulu kubantu abadala ukumelana nokuncintisana nabantu abasha ngamacebo amahle kakhulu nokuzondla bona - ekuthunjweni baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30-40.
Izitha zemvelo zama-cassowaries
Isithombe: Cassowary
Bambalwa abantu abasongela izinyoni ezindala - okokuqala, ngumuntu. Izakhamizi zaseNew Guinea bezizingele izinkulungwane zeminyaka ukuthola izimpaphe nozipho - zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amathuluzi okuhloba nawokuhlobisa. Inyama yeCassowary nayo inokunambitheka okuphezulu futhi, okubalulekile, okuningi kwayo kungatholakala enyonini eyodwa.
Ngakho-ke, ukuzingelwa kwama-cassowaries, njengoba bekwenziwa ngaphambili, futhi kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla, futhi ngabantu okuyizinto eziyinhloko ngenxa yalokho asebekhulile asebekhulile abafayo. Kepha futhi banezinye izitha - izingulube.
AmaCassowaries ancintisana nawo ukuthola ukudla, ngoba izingulube zasendle zinokudla okufanayo futhi zidinga nokudla okuningi. Ngakho-ke, uma bona kanye nama-cassowaries bahlala eduze, lapho-ke kuba nzima kubo bobabili ukondla. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi inani lezingulube zasendle eNew Guinea liphezulu, akulula ukuthola izindawo ezicebile ngokudla ezingakangeni kuzo.
Izingulube zizama ukungalwi nama-cassowaries, kepha zivame ukonakalisa izidleke ngokushesha nje lapho zihamba, zibhubhise amaqanda. Ezinye izitha - idingo, nazo zihlasela amatshwele noma zidle izidleke, kepha lokhu kudala umonakalo omkhulu kubantu.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-cassowary yabantu abadala inezinsongo ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu nobungozi, lapho besebancane, futhi nangaphezulu ngaphambi kokuba baphume emaqandeni, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezilwane lingabasongela, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kunzima kakhulu ukusinda unyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaCassowaries nawo angadla izithelo ezinobuthi kakhulu ezingafakwa ubuthi kwezinye izilwane - lezi zithelo zidlula ngokushesha kakhulu ohlelweni lwazo lokugaya ukudla, futhi azidali monakalo ezinyonini.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bird cassowary
Kulaba abathathu, usongo ku-muruk luncane kakhulu. Inani labo labantu lizinzile impela, futhi banweba nobubanzi babo ngokukhokhela ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ze-cassowary, okungukuthi, isigqoko sokuthwala isigqoko nesentamo esawolintshi. Kepha sezihlukaniswe njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuzizingela.
Kepha empeleni, zenziwa e-Australia kuphela, kepha hhayi eNew Guinea, lapho kuhlala khona iningi lalezi zinyoni. Abantu balezi zinhlobo kunzima ukulinganisa ngokunembile ngenxa yemvelo yabo eyimfihlo, futhi nangenxa yokuthi bahlala eNew Guinea engathuthuki.
Kukholakala ukuthi labo nabanye balinganiselwa kusuka ku-1 000 kuya ku-10 000. Sekumbalwa kakhulu ama-cassowaries asele e-Australia, futhi uhla lwawo lwehle ngezikhathi ezingama-4-5 kuphela ekhulwini elidlule. Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko esebenzayo yensimu yabantu kanye nokwakhiwa koxhumano lwemigwaqo: njengoba abacwaningi bathola, ngaphezu kwesigamu sokufa kwalezi zinyoni e-Australia kubangelwe izingozi emigwaqweni. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni abahlala kuzo, kufakwe izimpawu zomgwaqo eziyisixwayiso ngalokhu.
Enye inkinga: ngokungafani namakhasethi aseNew Guinea asabekayo, abantu base-Australia bajwayele ukujwayela - bavame ukondliwa ngesikhathi samapikiniki, ngenxa yalokho, izinyoni zifunda ukwamukela ukudla kubantu, zisondele emadolobheni, yingakho zivame ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo.
I-Cassowary - inyoni ethakazelisa kakhulu, futhi futhi ewusizo, njengoba ingumsabalalisi omuhle kakhulu wembewu yezihlahla zezithelo. Ezinye izinhlobo azisatshalaliswa nhlobo ngaphandle kwazo, ngakho ukuphela kwe-cassowaries kungaholela ekwehliseni okukhulu ukwehlukahlukana kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.07.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-20: 45
