Isiphambano semabula (u-Araneus marmoreus) singaphansi kwesigaba sama-arachnids.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwesiphambano semabula.
Isiphambano semabula sisatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseduze nasePalaearctic. Indawo yayo ihlala eCanada nase-United States kuze kufike eningizimu eTexas naseGulf Coast. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu nasenyakatho ye-Asia, kanye naseRussia.
Indawo yokuhlala yesiphambano semabula.
Iziphambano zeMarble zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amahlathi ahlabayo kanye nama-coniferous, kanye nezindawo ezinotshani, amapulazi, izingadi, ama-peatlands, amabhange emifula, nezindawo zasemakhaya nezasemadolobheni. Bahlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezikhula onqenqemeni lwehlathi, kanye nasezindlini zabantu, futhi bahlangana nasemabhokisini eposi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zesiphambano semabula.
Isiphambano semabula sinesisu esiseqanda. Ubukhulu besifazane bukhulu kakhulu, busuka ku-9.0 kuye ku-18.0 mm ubude no-2.3 - 4.5 mm ububanzi, nabesilisa bangama-5.9 - 8.4 mm nokusuka ku-2.3 kuye ku-3.6 mm ububanzi. Isiphambano semabula siyi-polymorphic futhi sikhombisa imibala ehlukahlukene namaphethini. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili, i- "marmoreus" ne- "pyramidatus", ezitholakala ikakhulu eYurophu.
Womabili ama-morphs anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma owolintshi ku-cephalothorax, esiswini nasemilenzeni, kuyilapho imikhawulo yezitho zawo imthende, imhlophe noma imnyama. Ifomu yokuhlukahluka i- "marmoreus" inesisu esimhlophe, esiphuzi noma esiwolintshi, esinephethini elimnyama, elimpunga noma elimhlophe. Iphethini enjalo izonquma igama lemabula. Izicabucabu zefomu "i-pyramidatus" zihlukaniswa ngesisu esikhanyayo esinendawo enkulu emnyama engajwayelekile ekugcineni. Kukhona nombala ophakathi phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Izinhlobo zeMarble zibekela amaqanda ewolintshi angu-1.15 mm. Ucezu lwemabula luhlukile kwamanye amalungu ohlobo lwe-Araneus ngameva alo akhethekile ezithweni.
Ukukhiqizwa kwesiphambano semabula.
Iziphambano zeMarble zizala ekupheleni kwehlobo. Kunolwazi oluncane olutholakalayo mayelana nokubhangiswa kweziphambano zemabula. Abesilisa bathola insikazi kuwebhu yakhe yesicabucabu, bazisa ngokubukeka kwabo ngokudlidliza. Owesilisa uthinta umphambili womzimba wowesifazane futhi aphulule izitho zakhe ngenkathi elenga kuwebhu. Ngemuva kokujwayela, owesilisa umboza insikazi ngezitho zakhe futhi adlulise isidoda ngothotho lwaso. Abesilisa bahlangana izikhathi eziningana. Kwesinye isikhathi insikazi idla owesilisa ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana kokuqala, kodwa-ke, ihlasela umlingani wayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuqomisana nokuhlangana. Njengoba abesilisa behlangana kaningana, kungenzeka ukuthi ukudla inyama yabantu akubalulekile kangako eziphambanweni zemabula.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, insikazi izalela amaqanda ngemifece yesicabucabu esixegayo.
Kokunye ukuhlangana, amaqanda angama-653 atholakele; umfece wafinyelela ku-13 mm ububanzi. Amaqanda alala emabhokisini esicabucabu kuze kube sentwasahlobo ezayo. Ehlobo kuvela izicabucabu ezincane, zidlula ezigabeni eziningana zokuncibilika futhi zifane nezicabucabu ezindala. Abantu abadala baphila kusuka ngoJuni kuya kuSepthemba, ngemuva kokukhwelana nokubeka amaqanda, bafa ekwindla. Amaqanda abekwa emgodini wesicabucabu awavikelwe, futhi lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu alunakekeli inzalo. Insikazi ivikela inzalo yayo ngokweluka umfece. Lapho izicabucabu ezincane zivela entwasahlobo yonyaka ozayo, ngokushesha ziqala impilo ezimele futhi zeluke iwebhu, lezi zenzo ziyimvelo. Njengoba izicabucabu ezindala zifa ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhwelana, isikhathi sokuphila kwezicabucabu zemabula sinezinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela.
Ukuziphatha kwesiphambano semabula.
Iziphambano zeMarble zisebenzisa indlela "yomugqa wesibili" ukudala inethi yokubamba. Bakhipha intambo ye-poutine etholakala kwizindlala ezimbili zikasilika ezisekucineni kwesisu bese yehla. Ngesinye isikhathi ekwehleni, umugqa wesibili unamathele esisekelweni. Izicabucabu zivame ukubuyela kulayini omkhulu ukuqhubeka nokweluka.
Inetha lokubamba, njengomthetho, liqukethe imicu enamathelayo ehlelwe ngokuvuthwa emicu ye-radial.
Iziphambano zeMarble zibambelela ngezintambo zezihlahla zazo eziqongweni zezitshalo, izihlahla eziphansi noma utshani obude. Baluka ama-webs ekuseni, futhi imvamisa baphumula emini, bahlala kancane kude nogibe abalwenzile phakathi kwamaqabunga noma ubulembu. Phakathi nobusuku, izicabucabu zemabula zihlala phakathi kobulembu futhi zilinde inyamazane ukuthi inamathele kuleyo ndlu. Amaqanda kuphela asezikhwameni zamaqanda angaphezulu kobusika ezimphambanweni zemabula, futhi izicabucabu eziningi ezindala zifa ngaphambi kobusika, yize kwezinye izimo iziphambano zemabula zisebenza ebusika ezindaweni ezibandayo njengeSweden.
Izicabucabu zinama-mechanoreceptors ngesimo sezinwele ezithintekayo zezinwele ezithweni ezingatholi ukudlidliza kwewebhu kuphela, kepha futhi zinquma ukuqondiswa kokuhamba kwesisulu esibanjwe enetheni. Lokhu kuvumela iziphambano zemabula ukuthi zibone imvelo ngokuthinta. Bezwa nokuhamba kwemisinga yomoya. Iziphambano zeMarble zinama-chemoreceptors ezinyaweni zawo enza imisebenzi yokuhogela nokutholwa kwamakhemikhali. Njengezinye izicabucabu, abesifazane bohlobo lwe-Araneus bakhipha ama-pheromones ukuheha abesilisa. Ukuthinta kwabantu ngabanye kuyasetshenziswa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, owesilisa ukhombisa ukushela ngokuthinta insikazi ngemilenze yakhe.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwesiphambano semabula.
Imabula iwela izisulu zezinambuzane eziningi. Baluka izintambo zesicabucabu futhi bahlele imicu enamathelayo ngokuvunguza. Ubulembu obunamathelayo buphatha isisulu lapho amapayipi aphambana egijimela khona, ukuthola ukudlidlizela kwemicu. Ngokuyisisekelo, iziphambano zemabula zidla izinambuzane ezincane ezifika ku-4mm ngosayizi. Abamele i-Orthoptera, iDiptera neHymenoptera bavame ukubanjwa ezinhlakeni zezicabucabu. Emini, cishe izinambuzane eziyi-14 ezidlayo ziwela ogibeni lwesicabucabu.
Indima ye-ecosystem yesiphambano semabula.
Ezimweni zemvelo, iziphambano zemabula zilawula inani lezilokazane ezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi iDiptera neHymenoptera ngokuvamile ezibanjwa ezingibeni. Izinhlobo eziningi zeminyovu - izimuncagazi ezidla iziphambano zemabula. Iminyovu emnyama nemhlophe neyobumba ikhubaza izicabucabu ngobuthi bazo. Bese beyihudulela esidlekeni sabo bese bezalela amaqanda emzimbeni wesisulu. Izibungu ezibonakala zondla isisulu esikhubazekile esitholakalayo, kuyilapho isicabucabu siqhubeka siphila. Izinyoni ezingadli izinambuzane, njenge-pendulum eYurophu, zidla izicabucabu ezimboziwe.
Isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo
Izingcezu zemabula azinaso isimo esikhethekile sokongiwa kwemvelo.
