Le nyoni ithathwa njengenye yezincane kunazo zonke emndenini wokhozi. Incane kunejuba, nokho iyisilwane esidla ezinye, isishabalalisi esinolaka samagundane amancane nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Igama lale mini-falcon ngu "kobchik". Kepha kukhona elinye igama - "unyawo olubomvu", sibonga "ibhulukwe" elikhanyayo le-orange nezidladla zombala obomvu noma obomvu.
Ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezingavamile, le nyoni eyimfihlakalo yayihlonishwa abapristi abangamaqaba. Futhi abantu abavamile kusukela ezikhathini zokuqala bathambisa izinkukhu ukusiza ukusindisa izitshalo ekuhlaselweni yisikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane zezolimo.
Incazelo kobchik
I-Kobchik iyinhlobo ehlukile emndenini we-falcon, yize ivame ukudideka ngakho kokubili u-falcon kanye ne-kestrel. Umbala nobukhulu bufana kakhulu. Umehluko usayizi kuphela. I-kobchik incane kakhulu kunezihlobo zayo, ngosayizi womzimba nangamaphiko.
Kuyathakazelisa! Le nyoni yathola igama layo "kobchik" lisuka egameni lakudala lesiRussia "kobets". Ngaphansi kwalo mqondo, amafalcons ahlanganisa wonke ama-falcons amancane okuzingela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama elidala laseRussia lale nyoni lathuthela kwabanye abantu baseSlavic futhi laphelela naseYurophu. Igama lesiFulentshi laleli falcon elincane ngu "kobez".
Ukubukeka
I-baby fawn ayinesisindo esingeqile ku-200 amagremu, ifinyelela kubude obungu-34 cm futhi inamaphiko angamasentimitha angama-75 kuphela. Uqhwaku lwale nkozi luphawu lwenyoni edla inyama - ixhunyiwe, kepha imfishane futhi ayinamandla njengabafowabo emndenini. Izinzwane futhi azifani ngamandla namandla, izinzipho zincane.
Kukhona ingxoxo ekhethekile ngezimpaphe. Okokuqala, akunzima okholweni lwesilisa njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ku-gyrfalcon noma i-peregrine falcon futhi "inesakhiwo" esixegayo. Okwesibili, umbala wale nyoni awuxhomekile kuphela ebulilini, kodwa futhi nakubudala. Ngakho-ke, ama-fining amancane wesilisa anezidladla eziphuzi. Ziphenduka zibe owolintshi (abesifazane) futhi zibe bomvu (abesilisa) kuphela lapho inyoni isikhula ikhula. Uqhwaku luphinde lube mnyama ngokuya ngeminyaka, lujika lube grey-blue lube mnyama.
Abesilisa bezinsikazi "bagqoke" ngokugqamile kunabesifazane. Anombala onsundu ngokumpunga, anezimpaphe ezimnyama zomsila nesisu esi-orenji esikhanyayo kanye "namabhulukwe". Abesifazane baphucwa "ibhulukwe" elikhanyayo. Izimpaphe zazo zinombala onsundu ngokufana zinamachashazi ahlukahlukene ngemuva, izimpiko nomsila. Imvelo iyazijabulisa yona kuphela "ngezimpondo" ezincane ezimnyama eduze komlomo.
Okubalulekile! Ama-subspecies we-fawn yesilisa - i-Amur - ihlukaniswa ngemibala ekhanyayo yezimpaphe kanye "nezihlathi" ezinhle.
Indlela Yokuphila
I-falcon-fawn encane inezici eziningi zokuziphatha ezihlukanisa namanye amalungu omndeni.
UKobchik uyinyoni yomphakathi, okungajwayelekile oklebe... Zizodwa lezi zinyoni azihlali, ikakhulukazi emakoloni, kunalokho ziningi - kuze kufike ngazimbili kwikhulu. Kepha kulapho ukuphela "kokuhlalisana" kwamakati wesilisa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ezihlala emihlambini, izinkukhu ezibomvu azinamathele kuma-congener nasesidlekeni, yize zenze umuzwa wokubophezeleka "kumlingani" oletha amaqanda.
Izimpungushe azakhi izidleke... Lawa ma-falcons amancane awakhi. Ngaphandle kokuzihlupha ngomsebenzi wokwakha, bancamela ukuhlala ezidlekeni zabanye abantu. Esikhathini esiningi lezi zingama-rook ashiyiwe noma agwinya izidleke, amagwababa, izimfene. Uma ingekho, khona-ke, njengekhaya lesizini, imiduna yamaduna ingakhetha umgodi noma umgodi.
Izimpungushe yizinyoni ezifudukayo... Bafika sekwephuzile endaweni yokwakha izidleke - ngoMeyi nangaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, esivele sikhona ngo-Agasti, babuyela ezifundeni ezifudumele - ebusika. Isikhathi sokuzalela sekwedlule amaqhude abomvu sihlobene kakhulu nesikhathi sokuzala kokudla kwazo okuyinhloko - izinkumbi nezinye izinambuzane.
Ama-Kobchiks - abazingeli bezinsuku... Ebusuku, ebumnyameni, abazingeli, naphezu kwegama labo elithile "vespertinus", elihunyushwa lisuselwa kwelesiLatini ngokuthi "kusihlwa". Umsebenzi wama-falcons amancane uqala ekuphumeni kwelanga bese uphela ekushoneni kwelanga.
Izimpungushe zibheka inyamazane emoyeni. Lapho zibona ilitshe, ziqala ukushaya amaphiko azo ngamandla, zenze umphumela wokuzulazula endaweni eyodwa. Lapho-ke umhlaseli onezimpaphe uwa phansi ngetshe abambe inyamazane. Uma ilitshe linganikezwa ngezidladla okokuqala, ikati lowesilisa liyalilandela, lifinyelela phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuzingela, ama-fining adinga ukubukwa okuhle, ngakho-ke akhetha ukuhlala emathafeni noma ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi, ekuhlanzeni, ukugwema amahlathi aminyene, amahlathi kanye namahlathi.
Izimpungushe zithanda ukundiza... Lezi yizinyoni ezihambahambayo, yize ngejubane lokundiza zingaphansi kwabamele imindeni yabo - ama-peregrine falcons, merlin, nokuzilibazisa. Kepha inqubo yokundiza kokhozi yinhle kakhulu. Le yimfanelo ebalulekile; ngaphandle kwayo, le nyoni ibingeke ikwazi ukundizela ebusika emazweni afudumele.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kuthanjiswa imvu, abantu babenqinda uthando lwenyoni lokundiza ngokusika amaphiko alo.
AmaKobchik anesibindi... Ubungako bayo obuncane abuyivimbeli le nyoni ekulweni nokhokho ukuze ibambe isidleke sayo. Futhi le ngane engenangqondo ingangena esidlekeni sekhayithi ngenkathi umnikazi engekho endaweni.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Endle, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwensikazi yesilisa silinganiselwe eminyakeni eyi-12-15... Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sikhuphukela eminyakeni engama-20 noma engama-25. Isibonelo, e-Afrika, ama-fining alungiswa ngokuqinile, kancane kancane akha umhlambi wawo, ongandizi futhi osiza ukuvikela izitshalo kumagundane amancane nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amakati "afuywayo" akwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-15 nengu-18 ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokwakha izidleke zezinyawo ezibomvu ibanzi. Le falcon encane ingatholakala eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ekude. Le nyoni indizela ebusika e-Afrika noma eningizimu ye-Asia. Ukukhetha izindawo zokuhlala, iduna elinamakhanda abomvu lithanda i-step-steppe kanye namaphethelo ezinkangala. Ukuphakama kokhozi akusabisi. Lezi zinyoni zingatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Uhla lukakhokho onyawo olubomvu entshonalanga lufinyelela emgodini osenyakatho weLena osizwayo uVilyui, empumalanga - ogwini lweLake Baikal. Inani elikhulu lama-mini-falcons lihlala e-Ukraine, eRussia naseKazakhstan. Amakati ezinyawo ezibomvu abuye abonwa eNyakatho Melika.
Ukudla kweKobchik
Isabelo sokudla esiyinhloko sempungushe yesilisa sigcwele amaprotheni amsulwa - amabhungane, ojekamanzi, izintethe, izinkumbi. Uma ingekho, i-mini-falcon igxilisa ukunaka kwayo umdlalo omkhulu - amagundane we-vole, izibankwa ezincane, izinyoka ngisho nezinyoni - ondlunkulu, amajuba.
Okubalulekile! Abantu bazala ama-felines hhayi kuphela ngoba bangabaqedeli abakhuthele bezinambuzane eziyingozi. Amakati angamadoda, avikela indawo yawo yokudla, ungavumeli izinyoni ezincintisanayo zisondele kuwo, zikwazi ukukha izitshalo.
Ekuthunjweni, ama-fawns wesilisa ayama-omnivorous. Kunezimo lapho abondliwa hhayi kuphela inyama eluhlaza nesibindi, kepha namasoseji.
Izitha zemvelo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi le nyoni ayinazo izitha zemvelo ezimbi. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, inani lama-male fawns lincipha minyaka yonke. Inani le-mini-falcon lilinyazwa ngumuntu ngokusebenzisa kwakhe ngokweqile nangokungalawulwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zokucubungula amasimu ezolimo. Akugcini nje ngokufa kwezinambuzane eziyingozi, kodwa futhi nama-mini-falcons, azidla ngokuzimisela.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izimpungushe zifika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngenhloso eyodwa yokushiya inzalo... Behlela ebhizinisini ngaphandle kokulibala ngokushesha lapho befika endaweni. Isikhathi sokukhwela sifushane - imidanso eminingana yowesilisa phambi kowesifazane ukuheha ukunakwa kwakhe, futhi manje usevele uhleli emaqandeni. I-clutch yamazinyane eduna aqukethe amaqanda angafika ku-5-7. Amaqanda ukufanisa inyoni - encane, ebomvu ngokubomvu ngamachashazi amnyama. Inqubo yokufukamela amaqanda ihlala inyanga - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, njengomthetho, kuzalwa amaphuphu anezinyawo ezibomvu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amaqanda abesilisa nabesifazane ngokulandelana, bashintsha izindima. Ngenkathi omunye evikela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo, omunye uthola ukudla.
Amachwane e-Falcon akhula futhi akhule ngokushesha. Inyanga nohhafu ngemuva kokuzalwa - maphakathi noJulayi - sebevele bavuka ephikweni bese beshiya isidleke sabazali. Kubathatha amasonto amabili ukuzethemba emakhonweni abo njengomzingeli nasekufundeni kahle ikhono lokundiza. Amantshontsho akhule ngalesi sikhathi awahambi kude nesidleke sabazali, futhi abazali bawo bayawondla. Kepha maphakathi no-Agasti, sekuqale amalungiselelo abucayi endiza ende ezayo eya ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika. Umhlambi ushiya indawo yokwakha izidleke engxenyeni yokuqala kaSepthemba maduzane. Ngalesi sikhathi abasha asebekhulile sebengamalungu aphelele futhi azimele ngokuphelele ephaketheni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Le nyoni enezinyawo ezibomvu yaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengezinhlobo ezingavamile futhi yanikezwa isikhundla se-NT, okusho ukuthi "sisondele ekusongelweni". ERussia, i-fawn isesithasisweni seRed Book yeRussian Federation, okungukuthi, kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ukuzingela.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengamanje, kunezindawo eziningi ezigcinwayo eRussia lapho kuhlala khona inqina elibomvu - iNizhne-Svirsky, Sokhondinsky, "Arkaim" reserve, njll.
Le falcon encane idinga ukuvikelwa okunzima ukumisa inani labo labantu elincipha ngokushesha.... Umuntu, okungenani, ubophezelekile ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi ekucutshungweni kwezitshalo zakhe futhi, njengokwedlulele, ukuqala ukudala ama-micro-reserves ezindaweni zokuzalela zonyawo obomvu onyawo olubomvu. Ochwepheshe baphikelela ekutheni kubalulekile ukulondolozwa kwezihlahla ezinde ezikhula ezindaweni zale nyoni - ezifundeni ezisemathafeni kanye nasezigodini zemifula.
